Edison Microfilm Reel 089

Thomas A. Edison Papers
at

Rutgers, The State University
endorsed by

National Historical Publications and Records Commission
18 June 1981

Copyright © 1987 by Rutgers, The State University

All rights reserved. Nopartofthispublicationincludinganyportionoftheguldcandindcxorofthcmicrofllmmay
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—graphic, electronic,
mechanical, or chemical, including photocopying, recording or taping, or information storage and retrieval
systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Tlie original documents in this edition are from the archive at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange,
New Jersey.

BOARD OF SPONSORS

Rutgers, The State University or
New Jersey

Edward J. Bloustein
T. Alexander Pond
Tilden G. Edelstcin
John Gillis

New Jersey Historical Commission
Bernard Bush
Howard L Green

National Park Service, Edison
National Historic Site
Roy W. Weaver
Edward J. Pershey
Smithsonian Institution
Bernard Finn
Arthur P. Molclla

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

James Brittain, Georgia institute of Technology
Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Harvard University
Neil Harris, University of Chicago
Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania
Arthur Link, Princeton University
Nathan Rcingold, Smithsonian Institution
Robert E. Schofield, Iowa State University

CORPORATE ASSOCIATES

William C. Hittingcr (chairman), RCA Corporation
Edward J. Bloustein, Rutgers, The State University of NJ.
Cees Bruynes, North American Philips Corporation
Paul J. Christiansen, Charles Edison Fund
Philip F. Dietz, Wcstinghousc Electric Corporation
Roland W. Schmitt, General Electric Corporation
Harold W. Sonn, Public Service Electric and Gas Company
Morris Tancnbaum, AT&T

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS

-quelyn Miller

Research Associates
Douglas G. Tarr
Mary Ann Hellrlgcl
David W. Hutchings

Joseph P. Sullivan
Karen Kozak
Granville Miller

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS

PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Charles Edison Fund
The Hyde and Watson Foundation
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS

National Science Foundation
National Endowment for the Humanities

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS

Alabama Power Company
Amerada Hess Corporation
AT&T

Atlantic Electric

Association of Edison Illuminating
Companies

Battellc Memorial Institute Foundation
The Boston Edison Foundation
Cabot Corporation Foundation
Carolina Power and Light Company
Consolidated Edison Company of
New York, Inc.

Consumers Power Company
Corning Glass Works Foundation
Duke Power Company
Exxon Corporation
Florida Power & Light Company
General Electric Foundation
Gould Inc. Foundation
Gulf States Utilities Company
Idaho Power Company
International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers

Iowa Power and Light Company

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
McGraw-Edison Company
Middle South Services, Inc.

Minnesota Power

New Jersey Bell Telephone Company
New York State Electric & Gas
Corporation

North American Philips Corporation
Philadelphia Electric Company
Philips International B.V.

Public Service Electric and Gas
Company
RCA Corporation
Robert Bosch GmbH
San Diego Gas & Electric
Savannah Electric and Power Company
Schcring Plough Foundation
Texas Utilities Company
Thomson-Brandt
Transamcrica Delaval Inc.
Wcstinghouse Educational Foundation
Wisconsin Public Service
Corporation

A Note on the Sources

The pages which have been
filmed are the best copies
available. Every technical
effort possible has been
made to ensure legibility.

PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM
COPYING RESTRICTIONS

Reel duplication of the whole or of
any part of this film is prohibited.
In lieu of transcripts, however,
enlarged photocopies of selected
items contained on these reels
may be made in order to facilitate
research.

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS

A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART II
(1879-1886)

REEL 89

MENLO PARK SCRAPBOOK SERIES (SBM-5)
MISCELLANEOUS SCRAPBOOK SERIES (SBK-2)

fanio.'bnJoublodly u»o. grcaleit
brontor,and IhogTcatoit bollovcr Ini
Win *clf,‘wiltingonithli* continent,!

not jrot acknowledge'!^ Oliabll.
Jltjr.lo M'porfccl hU 'otetHi lamp an;
to make it ft practical enbitUuto for
Iffuliffht In.largo clllen;and .1 In,.:
i«P«n«n. . Yet; from pwaonMniUca-j
tlon., tlio km companion nnM not bo I

thuuio JDo.(l 'Ll

dlatoly follow, by iuiy weans. L

I'sMSJa 1 !

outfitrtci fret

r ^ 11 ' >

' *^* T ‘’flleinc floditii|jEitnttfhra|jrttiy-lOi '.* 7 ?; : y *'< ' 5 j V .- • ; J 6i«

' • Harfitfruik aus d>t »Sfaill M nur : mil ioetTcc ffinrOTcnanadGe orjlaftet. •'•'

i 860 . )><T ^

HOW FAR EDISON HAS GOT

ftopwlDg o Teet to . Fortnight U j| t,.

• Begin Operation! I. Hew York to ' ■

J00M7 or Febinory. .

-i ^|' tuOolopomlll^,

Menlo Park Scrapbook, Cat. 1068

This scrapbook covers the period April-December 1881 and contains
newspaper clippings and other material relating to the Paris Electrical Exhibition
of 1881. Many of the clippings des'cribe the exhibits of Edison and his competitors.
Also included are guide leaflets, information bulletins, and official notices
concerning the exhibition. Much of the material is in French. The front cover is
labeled "Paris Exposition Scrapbook." The spine is labeled "T. A. Edison. No. 51."
The book contains 144 numbered pages.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF ELECTRICITY AT PARIS,

August 1 to November IS, 1881.

CIRCULAR TO AMERICAN EXHIBITORS.

DEPARTMENT OP STATE,

Washington, D. C., March Sf , 1881 .

TJie President of the United States, in the absence of any (special provision by Congress for the repreh
sentation of the United States, bus appointed nn Honorary Commission, under the charge of a Commissioner
General and nn Executive Commissioner.

This Commission will be the official channel of communication between the American exhibitors and
the French General Commission at Paris.

Exhibitors will linve to bear all expenses of packing, shipping, nnd transportation, delivering their
exhibits at the Palace of the Chnmps-Elysdcs at Paris between the 1st of July and the 1st of August; they,
will also defray all expenses of installation nnd immediate care of their exhibits. There will be no charge
for space or flooring nnd but a limited charge will l>c made for motive power furnished to exhibitors.
Insurance is at the option of exhibitors and nt their expense. Objects exhibited will be protected against
piracy of inventions or designs by complying with the French law of May 23, 1808, on the subject. (See
Appendix II.)

Tho General Regulations for the Exhibition, prescribed by the French Minister of Mails and Telegraphs,
are hereto annexed, nnd will supply intending exhibitors with all necessary information. '

The time for receiving applications, formerly fixed for March 31, 1881, hna been extended in llio ease
of American applications, at the request of the United States Government, until the 15th of May, 1881.
Applications for spnoc should bo filled up in accordance with the accompanying form, in either French or
' English, and sent to the Department of State at Washington not later than the 20th of April, 1881, to
ensure transmission to the French Commissioner General nt Paris in due season.

The shipment of articles for exhibition should be so conducted that they may bo delivered nt the Palace of
the Champs-Elyste, in Paris, between the 1st nnd the 15th of July. Tho Acting Commissioner General will
\ endeavor to officct some favorable arrangement with steamship lines for the transportation of goods nt lessened
expense to the exhibitors, nnd duo notice thereof will be given to all exhibitors whose applications for space
have been filed. Information in regard to the usunl terms of shipment can be obtained from the United
States Dispatch'Agent at New York, Mr. Rndclifle Baldwin, No. 53 Broadway. Letters of inquiry ad¬
dressed to Mr. Baldwin should enclose stamps for pre-payment of return postage.

It is understood that a number of exhibitors have mndo direct application for space to tho French
Commissioner General, under tho provision of Article 12 of the French Regulations. Care will be taken
to ensure that such exhibitors shall be on an equal footing with other American exhibitors, and their
interests in like manner protected by the United States Commission.

All communications in regard to the admission of applications and requests for forms, and generally
all correspondence in relation to tho preparation and exhibition of articles, should be nddressed, postage
paid, as under. Correspondence for the American Commission in Paris should be nddressed to “Mr.
George Walker, Executive Commissioner of the United States, United States Consulate General, Paris,
France.”

Requests for information on any points not covered by this circular or its annexes will bo cheerfully
answered by the undersigned.

Department of State, Washington, D. C.

THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION.

The Assistant Secretary op State, Acting Commissioner General,
George Walker, Honorary Executive Commissioner,

George E. Gouraud, Honorary Commissioner,

Charles R. Goodwin, Honorary Commissioner,

dittcovuriefl have recently called public attention, very particularly, to wl
■ented in the progniw of iiianufiicturiiig industry liavo avniletl themielves o
St, multiplied their application in all branch™ of that industry; it seems, to>i

£KiSdr3tal!!? U h * heW * VmU ‘ 11 ,h-n meBl 0,1 thu mh clft y of 8v«i»b«v 1881, I

froi.^mnng ll.o Fmich imsiilmn,, a„,l t!,rc. from among llm foreign momtor. of ]

of iuch foreign govornmaoU u aliall n y * * ^

Mtriolty aliall bo omlor tho patrolman or tbo Slate ' l'|

ioptcilfor tile gnvonimeot of tlm Intmintlmml .Hint

II appoint the conimlaeloiier gonornl eainnnion of electricity aliall be aubinltteil

MINISTRY OF POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS.
International Exhiiiition of Electricity, Paris, 1

GENERAL REGULATIONS.

Article 1. Tltc InUirimtionnl Exhibition of Electricity, authorized by a decree bearing date of
October 23, 1880, shall lie opened at Paris, at the Pulace of the Champs-Elystcs, on the 1st day of
August, 1881, and closed on tltc 16th day of Novomlicr, 1881. r

Art 2. The C ss i| i tiled by the decree of November 20,1880, of which the Minister of Posts
and Telegraphs is to bo the presiding ofliuur, shall lie consulted in regard to all measures connected with
the general organization of tho International Exhibition of Electricity. , . . .

°Aht. 3. The means necessary for tho organization and hulthng of tho Exhibition shall bo derived
■I'frnm such’ pecuniary aid as may be granted by thu State and by a gunrmitoc association, the subscribing
members of which have pledged themselves to claim no profits alter tho amount of their contributions shall
ittive lieen repaid to them, witli interest at ■! per cent.

When thu accounts of the Exhibition shall lie settled, the net profits shall (after the payments due to
tho sulwcriliers of the guarantee capital shall linvo been deducted) lie turned over to the State, which shall
apply them, in ncconlntico with the suggestions of the Commission of Organization, to the promotion of

"''''art^LT lVoli'mi'al Co.dttee anil a Financial Committee shall be appointed. The Technical

Committee shall he composed of memlx-rs of thu Commission of Organization, to whom persons not tielong¬
ing to that Commission may lie added by ministerial ortler. The Committee on Finance shall be com|ioscd
of members of the Commission of Organization anil of members of the guarantee association.

Akt. 5. The Commissioner General, appointed by the decree of October 24, 1880, shall have charge,
under the authority of the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs, of the execution of the decisions adopted.
Tho Commissioner General shall have the direction of the clerical force employed.

Apt. G. The Commissioner General, or, in his absence, his secretary, shall have the right to lie present
at the sessions of the Commission of Organization and of the committees, and shall have the right of dis¬
cussing measures, but not that of voting upon them. ...

Art. 7. Foreign countries which shall have signified their intention to lie represented at tho Inter¬
national Exhibition of Electricity shall lie requested to designate Special Commissioners. Ihcsc latter shall
correspond directly witli the French Commissioner General.

Airr. 8. Requests from foreigners or French citizens for the admission of articles should lie worded at
far ns possible according to the blank form appended to these regulations, and should lie in the hands ol
the Commissioner General at Paris not later than the 31st day of March, 1881.*

Apt. n. The Technical Committee shall decide, without appeal, concerning requests received from
French citizens for the admission of articles.

Airr. 10. The Commissioner General shall notify exhibitors previously to May 15, 1881, of tin
admission of their goods, and also of the extent and situation of the space allotted to each one of them.

Art. 11. Foreign Commissioners shall have thu privilege of asking for and of receiving, in a lump
the space necessary for the articles to be exhibited by tlie citizens of their res|iective countries.

The cumulative applications of foreign Commissioners must lie in the builds of the Commissionei
General liefore March 31, 1881. The general plans for the allotment of the space granted in pnrsuani-i
of these cumulative applications shall lie submitted to the approval of the Commissioner General.

Art. 12. Exhibitors residing in countries which shall have designated no special commissioners mil)
corrcsiKind directly with the French Commissioner General.

Art. 13. Printed blank forms of application for the admission of goods shall be furnished, on appli¬
cation, to parties interested, at the following places:

The Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, No. 101 rue de Crenelle Saint Germain; the office of the
Commissioner General, in the Palace of the Champs-Elysies, room No. 4; at the rooms of tho Chambers
of Commerce anil of tho Scientific Societies of Paris and of tho Departments.

Art. 14. The principal articles which will be received for exhibition are the following:

Apparatus for the generation and transmission of electricity; natural and artificial magnets; compasses;
apparatus for the study of electricity; applications of electricity to telegraphy and the transmiss— of
sound; to the generation of heat; to illumination and the generation of light; to tho light-house anil
signal service; to signal apparatus; to mining, railways, and navigation; to military affairs; to flip line
arte; to gnlvanoplasty, elcetro-chemistry, and the chemical sciences; to the generation and transmission of
motive power; to tho mechanic arts anil clock making; to medioino and surgery; to astronomy, metcor-
' ology, and geodesy; to agriculture; to registering apparatus; to the working o[ the various kinds of
mnciiincry iised in mniuifiictiires i. ‘'"“'“t.'c!„r tt nlretrieUv^^iibliogmiliiral^^tnm^

but formerly used "in electrical studies anil-in the application of electricity; bibliographical collections of
workB on electrical sciences and tho miinufiipturo of electrical instruments. . ,

Art. 16. Articles admitted for exhibition shall bo received m tho incloaurc of the Palace of tin

Cbamps-ElysCsa on and after July / j )car tho addresses and the special labels furnished by the Com-

Tho plans for the arrangement of the goods and the designs for the decorations shall bo submitted to
the ^^“^iv^^weTIdl furnished, at a price hereafter to be agreed upon, to such exhibitors

as may desire it. , „ . . , i v r or t ho experiments necessary for tho labors of tho

V SPECrrATOUB.

admission 0

Art. 19. Tho Exhibition shall be open to tho public daily from 8.30 A. M. to G P. »!., and from 8 to

.topi™..,™..

1st. On week days— ___ j f r _

From 81 to 11 A. -- 1 00

From 11 A. M. to G l’. -- j gp

POLICE SURVEILLANCE—OKDKIt AND CLEANING.

Aut 23 A strict surveillance for the prevention of theft shall he organized by the olTiccrs in the
employ of the Commissioner General, aided l.y the police. Tho most thorough .PWMtranBjdMll^botakm
against fire. Nevertheless, the management shall noHie rosponsdiMor ^h

_, 24. Articles placed on exhibition shall m

special permission from the Commissioner Geneml.

“'No^w^hairhe'inade, nor shall any photograph lie taken, of any article placed on exhibition,
bout the express permission of the exhibitor, vistal by the Commissioner General. , - , .

Art. 25. Exhibitors shall themselves defmy the expense of keeping m proper order and of cleaning

the arb^s^e. ^ j,| uuu s | u ,n |,„ furnished to such exhibitors as may desire it for the storage of tlieir

boxes or cases during the whole time of the exhibition. Exhibitors shall be obliged to pay a charge ot b
francs per cubic metre. Any rase whose dimensions are less than one cubic metre shall pay the price *cd
for one metre. Tho expense of returning empty cases, and ot putting .them in proper order, shall he
defnijul^b^dic cxln ntom.^ ^ (• 01 . c , i( ,„ exhibitors shall enjoy the guarantees furnished by the law of May
23,18G8, to parties making invention entitled to a patent, or models uml industrial designs that may be
submitted to the board of experts, (Conseil des prud ’homines.) It shall be sufficient for them to de|>osit
at the office of the Prefect of the Seine, during the first month after the opening of the Exhibition at the
latest, an application for n certificate of guaranty for the article exhibited. Such certificate, which shall uc
furnished gratuitously, shall be good from the day of admission until the end of tho third month after the
closing of the Exhibition

VI.

j CATAIAX1UE—PREMIUMS.

5 Art. 28. A general catalogue of the Exhibition shall he prepared under tho direction of the C0111-
, missioncr General. The contract for doing this work shall he awarded to the most satisfactory bidder.
S The party to whom the contract for the preparation of the general catalogue shall be awarded may
i! miiniento directly with e . ’ "-’- - '--■“•-I.“- r

municate directly with exhibitors whose names are officially registered, for the insertion of advertisements,
1 notices, and cuts relative to tho articles sold or manufactured by them. _

! Art. 29. Diplomas of merit and medals of various classes shall be awarded in pursuance ot the
i recommendation of a jury for whose composition provision shall be made hereafter. .

I Art. 30. All communications in relation to the International Exhibition must bo addressed, post-paid
to tho Commissioner General of tho International Exhibition of Electricity, room No. 4, Palace of till
Champs-ElysCes, Paris, (Au Commissairo GCnOral do l’Exposition Intornutionalo d’Electricit£, au 1 alau
des Clmnips-ElysCcs, parte No. IV, it Paris.)

-The foregoing regulations having beenadopted-by the-

on this Otli day of December, 1880.

By the Minister:

Commissioner General.

[APPENDIX II.—Translation.]

states ©ommissiott,
COMMISSIONER GENERAL’S OFEICE
{Department of State,
■w^sH^isrcraoisr, r>. a.

Ho.' .

MINISTERE DES POSTES ET DES TELEGRAPHES.

Exposition Internationale d’Electricite, Paris, issi

IDTTj Wr A TSTTOIE XD 5 _A_r)3VEISSI03ST.

110 .'.

JcsoussignG*..

demeurant it J .

denmnde ft fitre adtnis il exposer les objets ci-aprfis CnoncCs:

DCclnmnt nvoir pris connaissance du Riglement gGnGral ct y adherer, je dfeire obtenir lc
dfaignCs ci-dessous, mix conditions fixCcs par les articles 16,17, ct 18 dudit Higlcmcnt gCntiml.

{ Longueur:.

Largeur: .

{ Largeur en fapade:.

Hauteur:..

Force motricc:.cbevaux-vapcur, cliaque jour pendant.— heures,

[E ASSISTANT SECRETARY O

AEIS ELeI!tEI(&L

the pams eleS

ElectTidty has .been iposipohfd until th6 Tifh InatArtt-o# ! EXHIBITION,

cfccoant’of theunivenal 'arrears df exhibitors, not-fit:single( miiE r«l«U a’liuWrio whl
nation; Franc* hpreelf not afcBOted, being in 'ftrtyrtiing'* tta |_ time*, w»* lar o enough to

nation; Franca hpreelf not cjfcented, being in'anything* tike I 1 time*, was lar to enough to hold a general
a stale*of readiness. • Tha exhibition hoWever^rtWitlSeS to International Exhibition, now xonrccly aufllcca
be one of unusual interest; • Engines* amounting- irt • the I f“r tho uneolal hcIcuco of electricity. Tho Pari*
aggregate to over two thousand hoVse-powdr Mill supply With: kloctrtoal Exhibition, which wa» oponed to tho
power such a humber of electric lamps as never have been «; r“ bll ° ? n Au tf* nth, 'will remain open until ,

™L b i u i 1 r di .K hm&L 11 wiii ^

Electrical Exhibition, which waa opened to tho
jublto on Aujj. 11th, will remain ^open until

Kloctriclnna will bo\old°™n'fkptomi^lSth.
Wo shall, no doubt, then get positive data on

elect rio light Utero ropronontod. AUtonSVot
quite ready, however. M. Trouvo's motor at-

"tefceme JlRbt of .ffty lUpH^nd tffq4W pofflfr pn/jlaijfl • tracts mueli uttouUon ; it hoa bean applied by
ocpupies a full quarter of th, total area, .pud. ViU maintain 1C. Tliwandier to . .matt balloon. Tl.o bnllooa
fofi fiwself q Y cr y prqud ppsjtfoq, although qqr pxh^uqfs, | is olongnted, witli pointed ends (its longost dla-
unlike tfipsc of pthqr countries arc entirely rvHhout : St,HP, 1 "?V> r hortxontalj, and, whoa Inflstod

Ip the section alipttpil (otl|e United istatqs'iyq l, ra p iqqmj ; ft,!? * . ajr 5S?mSu5ato

' 220 grammes? "with , "^ 0 lsri;cr tC c3/, wSightog'

hiptqiiqql rpprespntqtiqfrs, and Mil include tho original appq, moire per second. With two colts and n aotnr

tnjRns who Wdqnq sa much tq qdvartcq tl,e ;?isn« of 1 “>°™ ,» T'i

clpctricijy. Ip regprdlq ‘he elpptric light evq|7 prominent, , J f .* " V , u " " 1 " 1 '

Company, vrl jlrts.Broclpe.src lamp of great two in muv drenmstanres In tW

inpandqscentllillt,wdl.lllqr|upatq th 5 «put!r-ei(St S rn pprtipq, , Contra of tho grounddloor Is a UghUiouw sur-.
T? AnglqtAinprican B W h Cqpipany thq eastprp pgrttpn of rounded by water. On this miniature lake
thq edip.ctj,- ant) Ihfi.quMtioq pf Sunday dupes pas hppq Mom. TrouvC navigates In bis olootrlo boat, tho
iwllently coijtprptpnted tjwqugh tbp good..office* of d» screw of which is worked by ono of his motors,
%! pf Crawford, the PrfSliW of ffiq finltfh .CqmmU,|qm - and a bichromate of potash battery (six colls).

conform, to (hm ppcdssary extent; with the pustqms qf (ftp, | twenty persons will bo ablo .to hear at a timo In
oqHqtfXihut tftqy keep the $af)>_ath for thfPlse!vqs;qs p i each saloon. ’Urey are not yet opened to tho ;
qon.trad|pg day. The large palqn in the Nprth Gqllery fias 11 public, but I bad the good fortuno of br ing

rannot be overrated. It is expected that the President Mil
n person inaugurate the exhibition on the toth inst. with
rfU commTnce on "the following day ^ Pf k"'” 1 public

dndu*kiaJl Hua), (2u0-u*J- l /'i$7.

&e., sysUiuiH of olcctrio-light will bo exhibited
uvery evening from 8 till H. Of theeo mid other
sxhibita I ahull give more particular* next wc«k.

C. Dotaillc,

oissssifarsh^Wci^SriKs.":; jis^u!«a«^a=nta»as: , w?ss;

> We understand the Edison Light Company has bi
. rifled that tho Ercnch Government, after inspecting
electric lights in the Paris Electrical Exposition, 1
lectcd the Edison Company to light the Grand Opera
k, of Paris with the Edison electric light. The Edlsoi

mcr of 1 ntoiitH, mid forwarded to the Iiitorimtionnl Electri-
1 College, winch eonveiics in 1’nri.s Aiignnt tat. Or. ]•’,
eeninii, Exnminer of the Class of “ Hlectrieity, ” Ims been an.
tnted to represent, the I’ntont Office nt the Congress, mid h,.
t to fulfil Ins duties on the 20th of July. The selection of
. Prccmnti is n fortunate one, since Ins ability anti expo
nee in Patent Office matters qualify him to credibly rente- ■
wont tins country. 1 ,

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.'the pabib eleotbioal exhibitioh.

[Continual from Jlrtt »]

Two, five, ten, and twenty light machines aro used In the
, Exhibition to light (ho grand nWo and oilier halls on the flrst
floor. The machines tiro exhibited by Messrs. Santlcr,
Lcmonnler & Co., owners of tho nuw Gramme polenta In
■ Franco; also by the Spanish Electrical Socloty and by tho

sIzcToTmuchlno” 5 No. 1, for 1 to 3 lamps; No. 2, for 3 to
8 lamps; No. 8, for 0 to 8 lamps; No. 4. for IS to 10 lamps.

' Nos. 8 and 4 hove not been experimented with ns yet, hut It
is thought they will excel Nos. 1 and 3.

The Weston dynamo machine exhibited differs only,
slightly front those already described In our columns. It]
will bo obsorved by reference to tho eugravlug that tho flcldi
magnet Is compound, Uolng composed of n number of electro¬
magnets with cylindrical cores. j

The Slcmona steam dynamo used in connection with the 1
electric railway Is well represented by our engraving.
Tho generator and steam motor are mounted on a common

base, tho motor being a rotary steam engine.

Tho car shown In Fig. 0 docs not differ materially In np-l
penranco from an ordinary street car. The electric motor'
placed under tho car floor Is entirely Inclosed. It receives'

' Its current from the rails, nnd the power Is transferred to the
car axles by mcanBof pulleys nnd holts.

Other Important exhibits In the various departments will i
be described In later Issues. Altoilt one-third of the 1,800'
exhibitors arc from countries other than France. A list or
the American exhibitors appears below, irony of them are i
represented in two or more classes. The Edison exhibits arc
naturally attracting much Interest. They appear in each of I
tho six general groups of ex-;

Mbits, and represent fifteen j
different classes. They oroj
j shown In two salons, whlcbj

tlon of the Edison Bystem of
: Incandescent lighting, as well!

Inventions and discoveries.!

It Is remarkable that the!
labors of a single Investigator,

1 and Inventor should cover a

Thos. A. Edison, Menlo Park, Now Jeraoy.

J. Morgan Eldredgo, Philadelphia. Fa. j

Electro-Dynamic Company, Philadelphia.

August Parts, Philadelphia.

Thoodoro Bclitnanser, Allegheny City. Pa. !

U. 8. Signal Ofllco, Washington, D. 0. j

Joseph M. Hlrsch, Chicago, El.' !

Milo G. Kellogg, Chicago, El.

Standard Electric Light Co.. Now York.

U. 8. Electric Light Co., Now York.

Weston Electric Light Co., Newark, N. J.

White House Mills, Hoostic, N. V. ■ y

Wilson P. DoiIbou, Philadelphia.

Alox. II. Ege, Meclianlcshurg, Pa.
lloosao .Tunnol Trinitro glyccrluo Works, North Adams,
[ass.

William J. Philips, Philadelphia, Pa.

J. P. Bailey. .

Alex. Graham Bell, Washington, D. C.

Sumuer Talntcr, Washington, D. C.

Charles Williams, Jr., Boston, Mass.

Conolly Bros. & McTlghc. Washington.

Elcctrogrnphic Manufacturing Co., New York.

Elisha Gray, Highland Park. 111. !

Pond Indicator Co., Now York. j

Chas. W. Hubbard, Boston, Mass. . (

A. E. Dolbcar, Somerville, Mass, j

E. W. 8crrell, Jr., New York. j

Clinton M. Bell, Troy, N. Y. \

Photo-relievo Co., Now York. _. •

W. G. A. Bon will, Philadelphia.

Electric Purlflor Co., Now York.

Uobert Hasse, Indianapolis, Ind.

Volney W. SLison, Providence, R. L
U. 8. Patent Office, Washington.

John Michels, New York. ,

Smithsonian Institution, WashlngtrtT

j tlonal exhibition.

■ On tho 25lli of August an

| reading 1 room of tho Exhibl-I
a defect in the fitting up of

[ Ttonlarawas^ulckiy givenj
and tho fire wa9 ext Ingulfed!
before it had spread far. Ini
: attempting to tear out thel
(wires with his bands a Arc-
man received electrical!

| shocks and was twice j
j knocked down. A scientific j
. | commission, headed by MM. j
• Dumonccland Brcguct, after-1

to Sir Joseph Itanks, then president of the Roya
document U stated to be the fust descriptor

balloon constructed according to the principles advocated by
Dapuy de Lome, and a number of other electrical instm-

vibrator is set in operation; when it is ascending another bell
rings. This effect is obtained very limply by a valve, which
is in equilibrium when the balloon keeps its level, and is moved
|by a slight wind. The formal opening was to take place ycstcr-

f |day. by a visit of the President of the Republic, and tbc doors
' will be thrown open to the public to-day, although much remains
; to be done for the completion of the display, which will be a

: The French Government has appointed a Committee, pre-
>j.,, sided^over by Rear-Admiral Uourgcol.*, to ttudy the different

L^<j^^^^appljraUoM££pleciricitylonaYlgation^^^^^^^^^^^^^

PARIS. International Exhibition of Electricity. PARIS'

OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OF THE EXHIBITION

A LAHORE, EDITOR

PARIS, 9, Rue de Fleurus, 9, PARIS

Mag'kth, 1881.

Sin.

I have (he honour lo inform you Hint llte General Printing Office of
A. Lnlture lias obtained tho right of printing the offtciafcatalogue .'of the
International Exhibition of Electricity.'

Electricity is occupying public attention; though it is a mysterious
power, science will soon have unravelled.its inmost secrets. Everybody
is preparing lo follow with Uic greatest interest the important experi¬
ments which are going to he made in the Palais de I'lnilustrio.

Compiled with the greatest care, fromthe documents furnished by the
Administration or by the exhibitors themselves, the Official catalogue
will he a sort of exacl, complete, historical and technical encyclopedia
of every thing concerning Electricity. It will he an indispensable Vade-
meemn for scientific and commercial men whom this subject interests nnd
will be equally sought after by the general public. Its moderate price

1. By special appointment of lliu General Commissioner or tliuEililliilion the Official cala-

(one franc) will place il within llio reach of the smallest means.' We are
convinced by the above reasons that the circulation of the Official cata -1
logue will attain a very high figure, and will conslilutc a source of publi- !
city of unusual importance. ' :

Tjic rides .of the Exhibition allow you as exhibitor to insert gratis in
the body of the official cataloged, and in each class in which you exhibit,
beside your name and address, eight lines of about twenty five letters
each, containing particulars ofyourindustry. Wo should be obliged to you
if you would forward to iis os soon as possible the text of this insertion.

To malic up for the smallness of tho space which is accorded gratis,
exhibitors ore beside niilhorized to insert at their own expense,in the
official catalogue supplementary information concerning Iheir business.

These insertions are of tlireo kinds :

I" A more or less abridged mention interpolated in the list of ex¬
hibitors which will be printed in two columns. — The line of

25 lel,ers - ' ..Price, OTr.

2" A special mention more or less detailed interpolated in the descrip¬
tive and technical summary relative to each class. — The line of fifty
letters. ..Price, 12 fr.

5° Advertisements in the strict sense of the word, with or without « cli¬
ches » printed on a special page at the end or the catalogue. — The
page with or without engravings printed in black. . Price, 400 fr.

The page with or without engravings printed in two colors. P. 000 fr.

We will undertake, if needful, (lie composition of the notices of adver¬
tisements which, in any case, will be submitted to tho approval of the
General Cominisioncr.

We remain Sir,

; i , Your obedient servant.

A. LAHORE.

domimtnitnftb Article. ^ ^ |l

NTKltNATlONAL JiXimilTlOX OK KhEOTUIGTI'Y. ! , Twu

►-morrow. To day, however, there was a nort of "
At ten o'clock President Gr6vy, accompanied by
of tho Cabinet and by prominent electricians, went
>ition. Later on in tho day a largo number of poop
▼cd invitations, passed through tho great halt of the

) brittle. ^ ! | also to facilitato operations in tho photographio studio,

iTinv nw i?Mfrrniif*iTv ; Two rooms aro taken up with tho exhibits of Mr. Edison. Thcso
rioK. ijiikblKlLl t Y, | txvo rooms glvo a remarkable impression of tho man himself. Ho

nt'Vi'ON dfnt shows a wonderful array of instruments, uniong which aro apparatus.

‘ “ 'paiuk Amt to ! ^ or measuring tho resistanco of lamps ; for measuring tho energy

lectricitv is In bo ononod to fbo 1 ® on * un,c d by lamps; rheostats, in which tho resistanco is varied
thorn wan* a°Bort° o7“ iiriroto >'Y "Hcring tt.o ,,rcMt.ro on carbon compri.cd in Ibo circuit!

Ir6vy, accompanied by lovcrol ? thormagalyanomolcr; rclaya of all kind. | printing telegraph,

lincnt electrician. want round f " r l ,rlv “ t " bac«i printing telcgroplu for tbo Block exchange!

l largo number of 1 nconlc who ““ aulo " 1 “" 1 ' *J»toin for trnn.mitting handwriting ! tlio quadruplox

gh tL great lmll of ttui l'ulnin i “l'" 1 ™ , of nccordiog to which two mc«»ogc« may bo aent

can bo and' oro advantageously^ employed

F exposition mmkm^\'}$^^sss^^^&^i

VtLiOTRlbiTt :!

___ ' j I' Nouanolul voyoua (Jru’un iuconvdniout:j

i 'c’cst (mb Braasour, uo pouvant plus pro-, .
LB OAZ UT LA LUMlfcnB &LBCTMQUK toxtor qUO Btt lalUDO fll 0 , BOM fort CU pOlQO i

si lmilB *. ‘ I Uo ftlisaor 8 es bdutona dans la ^a 5 >toac.

i *, "J.^Mons des plitlosophcs. Pexnosi-! v -

Si linnet AHnno',i« e „mu. . .. .- do aUssor 8 C 3 bdutona dans la 6 aghotu

lis^aiissh^ ®

rSnnii.^ < l. comn .' 0 l® ur Itiour mourunto duns P mSw 0 '-?^' E0TEI ° appabatos at
nol™ ,<ies M6ea. A c6W to ™? IS IXE0TBI0AL exhibition in

feT^^sftnsA* 5 Sfr~_ .......

HMuastowrani

aaSSSsSiSS "“•■ •“-««-

$E£Efes£ffife Ob IrfK

luiArae chose nuond I U K§s!il° I X I

s^s&ssss^

usi BBS'S 3 ' ■

mse

maKS/mRUSU

■

iipSIwli ISP'®
fipSHSlS-; S|^«|P;g

js« KiTSSSrSs- .

h yeat. .. ; , i“* , »y;.won» p#*** «p<« u, «n,i ti>o cumStin »£. SriSi

inconvdnion^et^fauiS^n 11 j}.^.* *° us cos “ p “

$TRttttzsssrJS&

i-gjs&sedftam

Congress is closed, tlio awards have Leon ‘TTTHKN 'wator is decomposed In a voltameter.

I J* distributed, tho Exhibition in manifestly YY hydrogen is given oif at tbo negativo
|drawmfr to its end, although tho exact date of and oxygon ut tho positive polo. If wo now*
[S^roYooVbiken by tl C ™ * ol,owlDff doc, * ,onM J* 110 owo ^ Uio^battcry with which wo liavo been
®*TI'° conihooter*gramtuo second system plutca of tho voltameter with a galvunomoter,.
^2 *Ti lot/tw'%??!?} * or j °i c °tri«ii measures. wo shall obsorvo a current flowing In tho oppo-
wil11,0 represented by n column of battery. Thus wo obtain a short secondary
S^Piiv ,V n - *'» section, at tho tempera- ; current, during which tho gases in tho voltamo-

iffJ 0( Mitr a 0 . ^k& £"J£?

Sajd by tbo comlitjotiH that In tho ouiront ol ono Till., howoror.'tioea not conntltiitn ,? •

a*£°-Ms!r b p “ r “'™ uJ p “ s i "° M “ lon sffiffl. £ss^dif^a
f U w"iS&tal llLT noftnoHSH'^ S^t>r\

I -}| ^ nVo JoonfX^tlS

■ | Sfi&iSlIIoI, ri-fSES^SS

I J fordetennining oloctHonl^nni^.; w-.?'”? "" ,n,en '? current

n fii Of tOrrestrial currents: for tho «tudvofSn I™. 1 ? U « » largo number of hie I

1 ' ^ *^riculclcetrici!y; of lightning-colu^otors* aro l innt H ha " mudo n ro *7

I :% Mftnph tiuil Iolopho?io. wires a «mtco’ «l ~~ ^ rU ^ to ^

I .'I JSiss-r

bo tikon by otioh Ciovorn-1 layer whloh woul.l
■»uro tho inviolabibty of |jform by^itnolf. !■’,

.1 boon oxperiraontod with Tiio^mnlfoyUnilrio
l .! u n , 0 tf"-'“ t .*V‘ lr - !■ Horn, in dininote.
ini Bru m- mp “> ,ed «i«t ono kiioi/nimmo
S, 1 ;.®' looBth. Tlio lnrK0.il, aeon
about 0 kilometre.. Tbo trough., oucli rout,
tiy by go. anil partly by lend pointed with

;V 55 i|S g-?~ sb sa js

Hsslsbisilf—

°o whiPi°s : Zcu£t£^

“bo ckofrTo liubt 0 obargra 10 aecumuia-

||aii^!f h ^ ord;rto0lJr ^ “wfftowaro

;i^ lI, T d v ai / 00 ia i , . f I,ono,,r to tlio British Post-
Jloffloo. Diploma of honour: Sociotv of Tdiummi.

sowing-maohiucs, saws, pu
1 evening they light up part
descent lamps thus distribute

fraph Coiutructlou and Mainteuanco Com-J No.” 7, TdepSSS room ” r

o’mp 4 ‘; 3 E n SE£S| ‘'I'bfco ot Lmukro "* 'tiooioty yt .'; % \

‘ mSS ? 011 Brothors, In<Unntbbor {“ r ‘ 1, “ ,“>»vo information to

iSSCT.vSr ■

O, DotaHlo. |S”5^£^'£s^. '•

El Omti'ftfo E^- 16 * 111 ! 0 '™™-

_ j ilar™ *Tynumo ™“““f

- - --- - --J oltogotbor colip,o any kiud ?f baUcry” 1 ' 0 '

1 0. Dotnille,.

6 da,' Sctlombre 1881

- ” INDUSTKIA'

American ElectMc Light Companies at then
■Paris: Exposition.-^’ tho United States, the only
known oloctrie light is that of Edison. Experience

2 --—----j prised to hoar by i

Exposition do cloctricidad being manipulated
companies, baa bcor

I known oloctrie light is that of Edison. Exporioneo
teaches thnt tlio other electric lights aro gonoraHy pro-
-J duced by tlio illegal amiptation of some of that illustri-
bus inventor’s processed. Nobody has theroforo been sur-

--I prised to hoar by eaWo that'tho Maxim system, now

]„£' j being manipulated aV now by some oloctrie financial

! companies, hns beon made the subject of judicial pro-
i os la sain iMM/inri firti mi . , , . ! cess at the PnriB Exposition. It was really amusing,

) rojulladoj las ornoaldonos dan during the last week, to observe the attempts mado by
do las cicadas, dclas'lctrasy las artcs’i tlio companies, operating: the Mnximproccss to mislead .
o ol panto dociln do la mods y d!ilos< P." bbo °P in ! on “ *° <t' e fn? vo “gn'Hcanco of tlho jmili-
n. J cial dccroo issued by,tho French courts. The Amori-

iao os dodr quo Ins oxposicioncs pari- nuns know how difficult it is to obtain an injunction
so distinguon do las domUs por las cir- from a French judge, yvliich, in tlio case of the attach-
cias do comodidady buon gusto quo las- ment levied against thi Maxim process, is based solely.
nnn._ La quo so abro hoy on ol Pala-j upon n law of 1844, declaring that any patent may ho
08 , ® u, ° mas oportuna, annuled when tho .(foot of tlio invention by tho
?lobro do S?| 8 , nn ° 3 ,i a . l ? abldo vor -| patontco is eontested.fjNow, in tho United States, tho
1 foIicosoliuRismm nnJ dC r X’u° r °' Maxim system hns hardly any standing whatever, so
XX olstXdolin’Elo^Wd^" “““r that not a single electric lamp operated under that
ddo ol del vapor! d,COm0d process, which is i?etply a bungling adaptation of

paratos quo ost4n on monor numoro on Edison’s method, hnS. ever beon sold. Tho American f
no do la Industria, porquo sus aplica- P uo l )lu have no faith' id any other olcctric lighting sys- .
ion osoasas .lodavia, rosorvados coal & tom than that of Edison, and that is the only ono I
dlos elrfsicos, son los quo so rufioron t which they, as praotiejd business men, seem inclined
•ioidnd ostiitica. to employ for thoir/ovyn use. Almost all tho stores in

i haco nlgunos anos so ban croado on tho commercial quarter of Now York liavo mado

os paisos nidqiiinas quo roomplaian cou arrangements , for 'using Edison’s electric light, and

“"'"T"!? Kumedon, do platillo do, conducting wires hsyo:bccn placed in eleven hundred .

,aunl& I oloctr cidad p 0 - ; bui i ding8 In tho lqjyur part of tho city. The Now ■
q’uinas nilovas las do hX b 1 n?lla -' Yorkera have witnessed this week another illustration
las dos oloctri'eidados, poiffiyH no°g“-' of tl,e impracticability of tho other systems, when, for
chispas considorablos. h the sixth tune biuco January last, a part of Broadway,

nos on ol gran porvonirdo la oloclrlcl- their main streot, which is lighted by some other pro-
Uica. Croomos quo on olla so oncuon- cess than that of Edison, was suddenly plunged into
luoiondo probloraas tonazmonto porso- total darkness, because tho apparatus would not work. '

. . ,y- P°f lo tanto, aplaudlmos do voras ol On tho otlior hand, tho Americans aro well aware that

'duco 0llanl ° nt ° da 108 “parates quo la pro-1 those who, liko Mr.'Flint, President of the United

v"' , .. .. States Electric Lighting Company, have attempted to

nlnn n X.Xi i mos ,-‘° n ’ po . rq “ <! nuo8lra °pi--' establish electric light companies, aro not practical
dos div y ° 31, ? C,0S d0 “loclricid.- people, but moro' speculators, who hoped to make
olcctric!, cuv J mM fMta!!i n ono6 D var a i!n ' m0l ‘7 b y bu }' in S at - a low P ric '° “ nU maninulntiug tlio

loscasusT No so arod!™T.wlTi 80 £ ua ; so-called Maxim patent, ornny others winch, according

conunapilay unatodna doRSlSfi? 0 ’Pora^ to tho Frc,u;Uk 'K> ar ° nuU a,ld voidif tbo fac f of ‘ 10
OS prqoiso soguir la corrionto y ampler, p!ra original discovery by the patentee is _contestcd. The
liacorsa comprondor, las donorainacionos gono- total darkness, id winch a portion of New York has
( ralmonto ndmitidns. - • ® aovoral times b<$en plunged, owing to tho defective

, ^ 8 . aparatos do-.|p oloctricidad dinfimica ao working of a 8?8tem ,of electric lighting other than
? n <los c »\ogorias: ol foco do la oloctri- - Edison^, baa fully confirmed tho American people in
o 6 tri ' - atl0 “Pficaoion do la fuorza their opinion ot the excellence of the system of tho

> <*L> do ^oloctricidad ora oo.os una- gW “° 8t h,V0,,tOr ’° f ^ #8 °- ■ -.. ^

quiiia J 3I ° y 103 oxoluilvamonte una mf- 1
' s W cl ri«-i«» conocida dosdo haco- *

■"o u o“ trs; i !£ i r r

una 1 eorrlonlo/oldctrica, ofooto do una roaS

noney by buying at a low prico and manipulating tlio
io-cnlled Maxim patent, ornny others which, according
:o tlio French law, aro null and void if tho fact of tho
iriginal discovery by the patentee iB contested. Tho

Aiilnorabre dp,jours. —~L'ordrobst d’nutant'
! P' im ndcessaire, du reate, dans lo css prd-

[' "- •>"“ °. l ' L sent,queTexpositionrenferme,enddflnlllvo.i

' ■ inviiAniminit '1 une fottio do choses qui no so raltachcul 4!

L EX10X1T10N D ELECTRICITY l’dtude do l'dlcctrlcild quo do trba loin oti

AU PALAIS DE L’INDUSTKIE ' aVeC Un6 for '° do8 ° d ° bonne volomiS - ~ 11

j .. _ y a 14 des dchantlllonsdo mdtauxsoustoulea

l" aiiticle. los formes, en fils et en barres rondcs el

— plates. — On y nper^oii des courroies, des|

L'Exposilion d'dlectricild cst la grande ral,|ierB de d «nlisies, des plumes mdtalli-i
. oclualitd du moment; cl I’on pcut enlin y cir- qile8 > do I'outlllogo. des tnrauds, drs photo*'
' culc'r sans se butler 4 cheque instant contra 8 ro P hies - des “rinettes, des pompcs. —

' des calsses dvintrdes et sans recevoir trap MauvaisB affaire, done, que de se promonerl
demadriers sur la tetc. — Alois les per-' au milieu de cela, sans programme et sans
sonnes qui sontalldes la visiter s’ysontcer- bl11, Errou,: encore de croire quo parce que'
‘ fainement rendues trop t6t, car lo grand in- !’ on a ache,d le ealaloguo gdndral olilciei
tirdl d’une exposition, e'est la comparison! (coflt vingt sous) on sera Iris ferrdsurlal

des divers systbmas qui sorvont 4 oblenir un! m,;illcur0 conduile 4 lenir. Co n'eal pas de[

mdmo rdsultat Industrial; et lelsysnlmelj 0 , ut erlaqu'll s'agll.

_dont I’instnllallon cst en retard peut dtro p 0 premlbre chose quo doivefalrn, 4 noire)
- ' -!-*~aQui i’un des plus mdrilanta. Les vi- a Y l8 ; I'ingdnieur (ou meme le simple citoyen) I

slloura trop pressdsno lovoient pas. — Ceci q , ui vcut v !» itor . ('exposition d’dlectricild,!
soil dit, du reste, sans inslnuer le moins du! c csl d'acqudrir, sur la science des dleclri-
monde que le fait d'dtre en retard fmpl/que 1 ciens * ff“elques connaissances gdndrales el :

rel 8 „m 6n0r ^ q ' jclc0nq,,a en fd'-eur de d'etre asses frond de ces connaissances pour
ceux qui poasftdent cette ficliouso habitude.! eomprendre ce qu’ll voit el saisir les exoli-i

• disne d’un nranH P ° U 1; arriVer ( l uo '-on soil' co,,ons <1™ 1“ cxpoaan'iB no d.manderont
aigne d un grand sucebs commo conslrucicur P as nneul1 que de lui donner.

„ sant n r!;!nr!t U I' , al0rSn " !mequo ’ cum '' le e *P°- u Point n ' el,, besB 'n pour cela de ddpenserl
Sf'rvbro 1^"%°" mMU> b,ame ad -; beau “ u P dB '™P a nl tie fairede longues et'

lions'trnn N ,A d0nc p ° 5 voir lcs ex Pusi-! P dalb ea d,udBS - — II suffitdo lire 1'ouvrage

■ *•»— a*, to A M ’..',

SSiriS ztfsS&SSsr

rr. “ —»rZsss

l - rrn , | l|| t | | | ? *• eans nous prdoccuper, outre me- I

’SsSSoiM^Ts^to^B^i^i;' 00 Piusienrsaflpeches dlfffirentes. Sup*

M- -■■-•■•.".•„."S§^t^.i'iPoaopa one rove dlstrlbutrlce qul, pon-

f'>, • 'OSffVfSlSIElliEXws ,aant 1/6 dotour.llvra ft un dos employds
^--vr..v passage Bur la ligne. Averll par un si*.

EXPOSITION INTERN,tTIOlMir ]! ant’co temps trds c^rart, des comfifnal-

n'ti cptd./oyR sons spdoiales de cournnt formant des

D ELECTRICITE lottres. Pendant lea cinq autros six id-

- raes, il anra le temps de composer uno

lis TiLioiurims.ocuiiur.E Alhctiuque nouvolle sdrie de slgaaux, pendant que
svstSub bdison ses cinq camarades proflteront chacun It

Latdldgraphleestunedes preraiAros son tour du moment opportun.
applications pratiques de l’diectricitd ot 0n p , e , ut , T ?lL coml ? 0 Ji? (5cimona ? oces
rune, des p.us connuosde tons nos lee-

■D6s 1810. Soommering et Schilling M ? rae ) fltle Wldgrephe Baudot, qul im-
cherchArent A appllquer les courants P r l ! i la en caractdres d imprimerio.

! galvanlques Ala transmission dela non- H exposition franoalse contiont onco-
sde, et cost depuis cette dpoque que ies r .° de ? a PP araila rapldcs Wheatstone,
travaux de Wheatstone, en Angleterre dans ,0S( l uel8 1 omplol d’une bands per*

I ontpermis d’arriver praliquement A la 5?™ 8 k l’avance, ot do courants alterna-
solution de la quostion. 4 tivement positifs et ndgatifs, permot

I Leminlstdredespostes et tdldgranhes d oxpddier en slgnaux Morse jusqu’A
franpais a rduni dans un pavilion spd- C 0 P, t soixante-dlx mots par minuto.
eial, toujours trds ontourd, tous les spd- , Uot apparoll Wheatstone so rotrouvo
’ atmona connus des appareilstdldgraphi- ? ans 1 exposition anglaiso sous de nom-
ques depuls 1'lntroduction en France, on h , r0llsea formes. II est, pour ainsl diro,
t»«, jusquaujourd’hui. classiquo en Angletorre et prosquo gd-

. ba 5, 8 . rem ° nte r a «x essais histoiiques, ndralemont lo seul on service,
tea teidgraphes employds couramment ’ 1,08 expositions des autres puissancos
se rdduisent k trols types : . montront des typos plus ou moinsmodi*

j gca P he “rdguet, k lettros «M dos-appareiis que nous venons do
fuelttfs ot dont passorrapidomont on rovue, et 11 nous
1 W? 1 ‘ffiw^intauxpotitsbureauxj } aut alter jusqu’aux Etats-Unls pour
sur une baWs°le& affirm taffiie? 8 appar ° lls n0UVea,u parleupi

Epsssi&g&i

i| 3 ? 4 =S£S.|=iSI 3 frS.=.

#.hS=Ss5ks SSeSpa®

lijSgsealS gB^i

coin'avail ddployd une puissance prodl- p, s.~— M. deKahath.'fondd do poui
gieuse. . yj , • . .voirsdescompaghlesffafisd Slates Elec*

•Examlnons son dclairago. co vaste <r ,- 0 Lighting C- It Weston Electric Link.
systdmej si Incdnieusemont, combind, a ng c*. nous informe que, par sulte.de
depuis la sortie He l’dlectrlcltd du gdnd, nriaufflsance momentando de la force
ratour jusqu a sa consommatlon dans la motrice fournie par lo syndicat, l’dclai*

ra S° de Ia salle d'honnour il l'aide des .
d ,® I a , ' lampes A Incandescence sysldmo Maxim

quo des appartements serait imnossible

sans les dispositions pratlques_ des con- r, . -,'JOTJRNAIi I DE8 lifcBAia ]

ducteurs, aussiblen sous Ie pavd dos •fjfetiD! ' '

rues quo sous les tenturos les plus ^

somplueusos ou le long des cloisons les jOTQSmONI lOTEItNATI05IALE'DE L'toCTRIClrt
plusmodestes de nos domeures. Sanfll“ raLi>J > .': '• ’■> ■ •; .•••• . '

cetto organisation si remarquable, qul T^« n ?“ 5 oaaipewp. ,bienldt;d'dtudipr
rend l’applicatlon de l’dclairage dlectrl- d .»“• ™»nl‘ro coinpietu loutealesddcouvertei
quo ausst facile, aussi pratique que I’d- fgPfflgJL W J 01 fi»| r : cl “ '«
clalrage A l’hufle ot au gas. la tempo : *2 fiF*- ‘ W'S^ v I P ai ? ^ u ®' ®*
KdiBon resterait une Invention d’un in- : v6 .’i lodB paa 4 parior de ces .pplt-
tdrflt purement scientlflque. ■ Km 11 , 0 ? 8 “ 8rv elUeuies ' de l’ilectrlciw A

Il fallait un esprit accoutumd aux tra. iSSStaSK,ar’ieKTem'
yaux da touto nature pour pourvoir ' v« a Ld!i S ‘< lRmpc ?

a on 8 Lage S Jans™ous^Ies S mi!?eux B8Urant f p 1 111 UStr8

dison a a ( ^rdaHsd° D mir tous P Ief r syst?meB l^4s“ 8 ^ d ^ a p to *” C de^°Sl^t P1 «MSin. a »,
d’dclairago usitds aujourd’hui, la fumde, gj?

I So’ZfA 1 ™ 1 nf P t n n/n‘d 0 „ n H^. rnft 9 °? /l5 i « Dolr1 a m™de d“n??nveatIoa nouvelle
? m ji™ Sh nn mn • aomble fltre vr.lmdnt la iplus bello action
?ooh’ni2nr ft In nm a?n;m < «K2 ,t *.2 0 2S kqu’uahommoipuiaae accompUr..Toutenou-
dQ Chaleur Qt 10 0/0 do luinidldi on 6Bt * Vplls •invontlnn nmiL rinvflnlr un hlnnfnif

! auiorirt A assurer A l’invention du phy.

fimfddwnlniJSfmonf r C un rap de ot 0D “ • lea couvres de la.politique, ne.fdht .de.^leu
, tiei ddveloppement. I • <m , a&xind^vUu8de , auelqttdspi»i;'lA’dut

M. Edison expose dans la salle 34 les y 5L do’coflea-cl^ no d/nSse nu'dueibuee
I hirros rn 0 ndnM?lf n l q m h n Ue “ nal ! sall , 0 , n : i » sldcles, lee autres sonFfeneSes. ’lcb’I n-
s barres conductrlcos, boltes de jonctlon i , venUona font to bonheur de toue: sans cau-
pour les rues et les maisons; branche- i^ f de polne ou nulm k qut quo ie eoit .

; ! SLuneinveuUommdrite qu'on Jul eppltquS

teurs, etc. Ajoutons qu'on est en train ce8 patolegj.B’eat bleu celle du aavanrAmfi-
[ T^,?°a S l?° 008 a ^ a . r . elI f & |dcam, car olio eoulo priSsente d^ne toutei bos

i New Yorh.Tous sont pourvus d attaches parakeet admirable caractftre d’unltd. d’en-
de sftretd en plomb qul dcartent tout ifembie qul P per Jt dTrdlllser lmmedldte-
danger d mcendie, par cetto raison que ment un Krand proKr68auProfit(l'u‘«ljbi^-
cos attaches fondraient, si la tempdra* W-:*?**^

turo des ills venait A s’olovor sous l’ac* , D’autres 1 latnpcs h* ih(ia i ndeECch'cb,■,ii}g6^
lion du courant niiuBCment' Combin^oaV 1 abiit’fesfposfibB 'danB

Cetteraesure prdsorvatncoa dtd cons* ides* BaUds'ivolalhe^^
tatdo par uno commisBion scientiflque, mils aueun^ne donna Ba lutniera donbo ejt
dans un Gxamon minutieux auquoi olio ipure,.Ba clartid flxe, ot n^estTattachdo ^ au^i
s’est llvrde A la suite d'un ipcendio qui ;cun,syat(imo d’iqatallaUoa:v4rttablcmonVpra-
a delate dans une des salles de l’expo- : tlquq j-;

sltlon dolalrde par dos lampes A Incan- j i)Uous : lb,.dans iTawffit.dp IkyMid, 'dlli
descence d’un. autre exposant. Iprogrbs, du blon-Mro giiabraT, tij’Bystbme - do 1

. Ainsl que nous le dfsoilB plus liaut, 'U; Edison cbnstitue uno cbmplble rfivdlulldn'
tous ces details rduriis donnentau sys- dsns l’eclairago'dom^tlqutffTl 1 eat^dppel«A ;
teme Bdison un caractAre absolu d’unltd Irdmplaceb^done •un 'teiiips ' tris rapjprochtt
et dhomogdndltd. to'uiiTo'ssystbmM«uius«^i;f •rrri'.th i -i!i !

Nous avons lieud’espdrer levoirbienl ,itr<atililuue oiflnlbnqul peubntoavd’abord
tot applique A'lfariscomme A New York, iparaltro oicesalvciioui;ipofiranneB qul n’ont
Un syndicat des banqulers les plus puis- pas qMmiuA , los , apparollsi dVctalrage de
sants et les plus honorablomont connus M„Edt8on. On so dfiBe. parhabliudo, dps cbo- •
do la capitale s’est rendu ddjA couces- sof nouveUoa ; c’ost uno cxcindnto prdcaui
slonnalrodqsystAme Bdison pour Pa- 'tlonqudnousprofessonspqut-efrd'ATVxcAsori
ris. , 'PrancbV'CppendtifltT'qua'ndT’aVw'AncbdcsfaltA

Nous oroyonssavolrque loprixdela s’lmpose.lTiiht dd tbatdi|(istf4e' 'dB la'ieconL
lumiArp olectriquo fournie par cette nou< naUtei e’est'mAmeutt-'platelr'qibur'toutosprlt:
- velle doclote-nedApasserapas celui du son8«,:surtouiquaiia ittvoteliiteqt d«JAitrac6o
gaz. ' '. par dos gens don t'la iolcnce o t in competence

. . H. liavllle. dans lea mattbres conmisesr'A ’ion Jpgoment

—: ne^flfenM.. d toeuttefcirt jaAiki.ii,. : v;. * j'V

rsipiSI^

SOUIOTSan'.^ance ffarisYo'moddo'MTant-' nar] * depuls lour installation, et lalumUm Eft}:

souiovo enhance dans' lo mondo'sarant ; nit U ' I,U1S 18ur insiauauon, et la lumiero Edl->
14 hoiiyelto dcUk ddcouverto do'son sjisl&ma' * ““ *wio|tt iun prhtlnferlcur 4 crfui
d’actUrage; II ddtermlhad’aliotd-un mount’• ?“{*?*•?' •^ ' . ' " ;l ’”'! •'
ment d’CnthousIasraej blontftt apalse'bar les La lumioro dleclrlquo eit employdo ddjli
critiques do Havana >autorlsds::rL?uli ^nolain- dens ldndustrlo. Ajoutons -qu’4 Now-Yortf
ment, Mi dn Moncel, l'emlnent.plmiclen kb el ‘® s’lntrodult avec uno raplditd etonnantd
montral'advoraairo du;8yst6/ne'Edlson.?Daus comme <Sclalra B‘ i doniostlquo. Elio’ pdnfilrq
un article qul At graflduisentation , dans’ j„ 1 “«? J«ulement-o4 Ta lo gas, male oil II- n’sT

Montel, l'Ocdan dlendalison ImmeusitO. Mala' Da ?“,' iuc !? u<1 |?n>ps dnae ratfpellera ImIuj
malntenant quo le aystOmo do M. 1 Edison a c ° uv<,n J ena do celtc-cl cormnoonsa rappello led
passd la mer, M. du Moricel a mfttUfld sea od- ca,10,sdea dlllKoacos; t»nidtlabouglo do miu-
prSClMlons; ear dans uno lottu dont on v? 1B0<Iua,l " S ron dant et'rulasolantaur leslia-i
nous donna ’.communication, lUfiouhalie. la?. ^““dentolltaitcntotlesbaguesdecris-
i blenvenue oa cos termos au nouifel arrivant; *“ atant 8Ur lcs dpsulos des dansouaos:
.aprCs avoir dnumdrd lea'djWfemik ‘eccalo 9 do taaW ‘'ftnn incondle; la feu pronant

?' fl, ®“ rrt * , iWl;,pdurn4 : pasdlroplns,'otqn , nS 1 |; Hien do tout.cola,
<» on 1879, on anrionga la' nouvello lamps 4i E1I ° brlllo, discrete
» charbon incandcscont.'de H. Edison, beau- son globe, ddgagoan
» coup do savans et mol-mdmo on partlcullcr , la main la plus dalle
» doutOront do. l'eiactltudo des allegations Pressor sans cralnt
• qul nous venaient d'AmOrique.. Co for il laQ tes.

» cheyal do papier carbonise paraissalt Inca- Ouand nous dlsons
' pable do resistor A des chocs mecanlqu&a #8t '.*n vole d’opercr
' ot do supporter longtemps l'aetlon do l'lnv dans nos habitudes

la mAcho fuma'nto. -
i lumldro Edison,
ro, onformeo dans

wtttttt t sacondairos. Clinauo lampo pout Otro'con-

■ jyjj TJSMPQ siddrdo comnio uno itorntpro ar(6ra attacliOo b.

J unoart&ro tcrtiairo; ainsinous avonsd’,
lo grand courant, puis uno sdrio do cot
dSrivds socondairos.

II y a quolquo danger, parait-il, doprovoquor'
dans un point quolconquo do cos commits un

^coup, par
i pour quel

JGAISERIE S(lIENTfflOlIE||«

W§fe. ; • . . . ''conslsto c

i Lo Temps, dans' soi
d6ji. lonquomojrf par
liaison. On pout dire q

; ^.Position ■ do ktUoUlopt^l,.

^ "no vi’yo imjiationco partout lo'mondo sciontf a*l^i! 1 iAn < ? a ”/ l i 0 ’-i 0t lon vout ’ c ^ a Quo'lampo
iflquo; olio n'a point ^appoint^es adS io !’ no 1 ’ rC ^ llto , * ,ln tout petit fcouton on

tours do I habilo physicien des lilats-Unis- ollo'rinf SI!' e ? t - 01 ! 1lour<s do doux fils formant cou-

i

l

pip

g^pig^S|g 5 ;!.:a?£SSS :

■^cottp, par sm|o do nombrouscs extinctions ou
pour quolquo autre cause, l'intonsitd iSlcctriquo'
x pourrait croiiro Iris rapidomont dans uno par-
\, to du circuit: co dangor est prfivu: cliaauo ar-
fta'O osl munio d'lin apparoil do suroto, qui
consisto on uno plaqno ou tigo do plomb quo lo
courant ost oblige do travorsor. Si la tompdra-
turo dovonait trop Clov6o, co plomb fondrait ct
locourantsoraitintorrompu.il y aAcctofrot,
dans la ruq, sur la grando artHro, des boitos
carrdes facilomc.it accossibles, on fonto, dans
losquollos s’ongagcnt douxoxtrdmilds do tuyau
do la grando canalisation; entrocosdoux oxtrfi-
mites, on place l’apparoil do sflrold; do mOmoA
icliaquq btanchomout do maison, il y a lino no-
■tito boito qui ronformo un III do plomb; onfln
;cnaquo chambro, ot si l’on vout, cliaquo lampo

m&sfflgimm

baso ct travorso par los doux mincos tils qui trouvo amst P™duUo, ona uno oxpirosion
nnv-inAmns nortont la frPlo lurno do cliarbon do lcnorgio do la lampo, cost.idtco uo
qui sort do source luminouso^quaml passo lo la^ijuantUd^do^forco quoflo consomme dans

uio.“ot'M d0 It.5tcb r o , lor f-lntoHigonroT si“com- dottte aiimontdos par' imo'mOmo machino
plaisant JoprSoula.U ho M.°B AJoxposi- magnclo-Olcctriquo, on pout trouVjrta force

(ion m’a dit ou’on fait oncoro do cos fils do pa-qu’il cst noccssauo do fauo proauirt a coup

nior pour cortains obiota particulars. La fabri- machine; ct, si lo rapport exactdo
cation couranto so fait tftutofois avcc.dos flfcros.la forco motrico qm met on moinement a na-
ompruutCos an liamt/ou, qu’on importo du Ja-|chinei elc<dio-moU«ce clait• oonmi, on auia t la
non, On iicul voir d.'ans un tableau Bl'Ccial los quanlilfi do cliarauviapcur nu il faut assurci
Stats succossifs do cos flbros du bambou. I pour alimontei un eclauago donnC. .

Jo n’ai pas laisso quo d’fltro surpris on appro- 11 ost A poino ndcossairo quo jo diso lot quo
nant do M. Ilatcholor qu’on ctait arriv'd A fairo dans la seno d operations quo jo vions d uidi-
cos globes do lampo si dfilicats, avee lour vido quor, il y a cn quolquo sorto dos dotroits assez
parfait ot lour (11 do bambou, pour la modiquo' difficilcs A taavorser. Iin premier liou. lo mc-
sommodo 33contsamdrlcnins(environ33sous), surour d’oncrgio do M. hdison, co petit cyun-
Uno lampo duro, parait-il, onviron six inois. dro oil la-lampo Ocnauflo do loau, mo parau
Lo vido s’y maintiont jusqu'au bout, mais lo un apparoil un pou dldmontairo, qui nosaurait
passago du courant agit sur la structuro du (loilnordes rdsultats tres comparable ni tres;
cliarbon, il s’y produil uno sorto do cnstallisa- precis. Ensuito, il y a la quosuon dos pertos
tion, laquollo no peut pas so fairo sans des dlo : n’onorgio dans la canalisation, la question deq
vages, ot co sont sans douto cos dlovagos qur raDp01 ”ta d’dnergio- do la machine Clectro-mo-
ddtorminont la rupturo flnalo. Quand lo nl ^ 00 ! do la machino A vapour,
ost rompu, la lampo doit naturcllomont Ctfc m. Edison sont trOs bien ccs.dUflcuHtis; aussi
changdo. . , „ _eompto-t-oa fairo. uno osperigneo pratiquo on

Dans la fabriquo do lampos do M. Edison, on Kra nd : produiro uno certain,6 quantitd do che-
Amcriquo, on on fabriquo courammont <J,000 ^aux-vapour ot constator combien, avccs l’ou-
par jour. La lampo typo d’Edison donno autant jiu a g 0 oiectriquo actuol,, la canalisation ac-
do lumioro quo 10 bougios; c cst 1A uno lumiero j U0 n 0 on pcu t alimentor do lampes. 11 ost clair
trbs forlo, pout-Otro un pou plus torto quo co nuo l’oxpfiricnco, mOmc faito.ainsi, no prouvora
qui conviont pour nous, car nous sommes plus a ,iolauo choso quo pour un etat particulicr do
liabitud on Europo otsurlout on branco A avoir j‘ a c J ua iis a t( 0 n; mais on y trouvora des don-

m Europo otsurlout on Frant

ngrandnombro do potitos tumicros taiutos bionintci'ossantcs pour des Otals do ca
u’un petit nombro dolumibros fortes. ’ UsaUon qui no.soraiont.pas Itor dilKrcnts.
Lo pnotomiitro cst tout coqu il y a do plussim ; ( ompoiu voir dans i’oxnosUiqn do Mv.Edis

Lo pjiotomfitro cst tout tm qu il y. a do plus sim- ( Oil: pou t voir dans I’cxposition do Mv, Edison,
plo; llguroz-vous uno sorto do potito galorto qui nlanxl'onsombLo pour l’illumination. Clcctri-
ost Cclairfio A un bout par uno bouglp, 1 autre 0 1 d , un „ raad q! ,ariior dp Novv-Vorh, qui cst<
par uno lampo Edison; dans la galoiio pout j Ur dcux 3 0S <;s cites limits par Wail-stroeti la
roulorun potit cliariot sur n ''“ [iKo norizoiiUilo, rando av turo commorcialo, ct par lo quai du,
qui est gradufio; co chariot porto uno carlo on .g . fait . faco a u. port. Co grand quaflrila-
papior avoc uno tacho d’huilo au miliou, cotto '?xj a ’n 0 n gi rO aim kilomciro carrd; co n’ost pAs,

Quand los doux lumigros sou aiTivces par ^ onviron du quadrilatfirc qui

lo mQuvcmont du chariot, A_ Cclaucr los doux -. lordo pQxt^.^iii.nigridionalo do 'Wall-street,
faces du papior woo la inOmo intonsit^ los; jj?f^ adra installer la station ceutralo dcsUufio
deux images disparaissaiont sur tos aoux .. v 0 ,,„ av onsvu. lesplans.com-

tonds blancs, qui aont 1 ‘^ a r f n no I H q 0 t ‘nnro C rfilaUvo Plots do cotto station : olio comporio. 12 inachi- •
papier. On mesuro alors \o. d f .a^o lo 'aUyo p™ r etl2 machiae3 ‘gioctro-mglrices,

des doux lumibros ot. do la fou'llo (to paptoi, . , i ;. machinos A vapour. On

ou plutOt co v ^fiX ^i d ufiole n°om^ au ra ainsi ou tout-uno forco motrice do 1,000:

I on n a qu A Urq sur 16ohcUg^Krartybo lq nom c jj 0Vaux _ va p 0ur; ma j S u n0 faut pas croiro quo
bro coricspondant A la position d“P a Plwsou- lcg marehont'on.mfimo tomps. •

mis aux doux co chiirro donno ■ c’ost prgcWgment parca quo los bosoins in¬

to nombro do bougies dquivalont A ia lampo. dustriols il’un ,tol quartior sont. tres variables
on oxponpnco. , nuo l’on a subdivise la forco motrico oil 12; la.

nin e ^ r i a Pl^ Wnn < MnFr'nim n mr?a(dm doft dta- station contralo doit, fitro considergo ou offot

VIV.® ; ??“ 8 ; : am I >0 • ly p0 ’ ^om^et Poiil^^^l^^iont

. des mpyons do suhstltupr par.tQUt,.aux forcos 'nioiifsqijloflwidrdci&7umt6rormaIs do ia,Orco
actnollemont; oo.usagO;' la. forcoprovonant do motnco.

laqlaUon eontralo, . C’ostaflndo produire do la lomi&ro i bon

Nqus. av.ons d6ji dit;comment so ferait la ca- marchd, quo M. Edison so prdoccupo aussi iEv
nabBation.do cotto force: ll nous resto quolquo ajoutor do la forco molrieo; il so flallo naturef
chose itdiro dos machines mflraes. Ponrlosma-'lomcntdo l’iddo quoplusil pourra produiro do
chines, it vapour, olios n’ont rjen qui los distill-; forco, moins cello 1 force soracoflteuse Los Dar
guo, oicoplO lours gfinOratcurs A. vapour,, qui lisansdo la lumiOro nouvolle so disont ausll
sontd’.un. ipodeio encore inconnu on. 1 Europe/ quo, Out mfime collo luSo cofllor plus ouo
On pout on voir un specimen au rcz-do-chaus-' collo du.gas, olio flnira par oblonlr iHX 0 '
sOedol’ExposUiQn.;,MV Batchelor nous aafflrmo-ronco, parco qu’olloa P taavaniJm. S'

quologeneratourquisocaracteriso nardes cubes lionrs, parco quo los youx uno fofs habiiuOM^

foyerostcoluiquiproduitlavapouranmoUtour'2H. 1 lo ^ oa J-, lls no voudront.plusqu’onlos ra-l
marohO, parjni tousfos,gOnfiratours commaauvi m VP° au regime d line autre fumiero.

Etats-XJms, ct.naturollement; I’attontion do M * P? apouBs6 si loin 1 organisation du noave!
Edison a dfl so porter- vors la production laplus 1 ^candescence qu on a ddjh chor-,

dconomique possible do la forqo puisnu’il s’a- ? bqe t honvOun compteur pour Ovaluor oxac-’
gissait pour lui, non-soulomont do produiro do ih!I, e ?im?;i CO " SO " ,I ? ? ‘ on ' Lo P r, “ c jP c 011 cst '.lea I
la lumiOro divisdo, mais do la produiro il atissi ^ ua slmp l C3 ; oa cierivo un e mimino fractiou
pou do frais quo possible! 10 Japr0UUJI ° *' !U,SSI gu courant, o’ostoxacloment oa cinq conti6.no 1
'"La machino eloclro-magndiinuo ost fort sim- danq 0 ® 0ln pteur Edison,et on lui fait- executor
plo: entrolcsdcoxnolcs dol’aimantfonncesnai' d’unm-lain'f'nm li ^ ^ ^ an v aa bqut l

aeux coionnos vemcales, so irouvo lo cYliiidro “‘ton. temps lettepolgiu a dltl obtain, on
OiVnajssent les couranls indiiils. L’armatiiroa d ^'ectticite.a OtC dopnusdo. 1

cola do particulior qu’elle ost fopmeo par dcs. ^'T dqnn0 0,1 eclaira-

tiges carrees do cuivre, placiiqs dans In direc- IS 00 * a5 ,? trast ° I? ar , aa douceur, on pourrait
{"}“ < * 08 ’ «*»<» da oylindrOtparallOlomont les EM? himK^.^ W ^m^ , ' av l ec 'v i;0 n aT , ql - 1 '
unos aux autres et sepai-eos.par dos plaquottes Sfti>inVin l L>i-n reS />i?i U< , rom J^ | ssont lo Palais
lGa ’ ^ ea sou dM r Qa ioj.lc3 l anx oxltanntes do- vAni^ tamfere cst no peuf
'•fcg^&Ugcs pevmettont au couraut do passer d’uuol ,^ on Y no celloauxquelles. nous- som-

«\ au iG ’ 1 i ’ isolalio11 dos tiges cst renduo }ftP?n?^S on ^ am65i ? 1 ,CJ1 wyojis- vuP

^^■)mpletopardcs fouilles mincos do mica ^ ^ P a ? co loW'M&uc qui cHoqiio nolro'

■ooutinuo 1 monto ot descend, stir les artfos sue- nvfc voudrions pas.parlor do la, lumioro
Pcessives du oylindro. Collo disposition^' a nour saas a J°“ler qu'il y a u« auti-o syslO-'
f fl 1 ®! do rendro les vijislancos maximum Lns 1 I'd produit anssi diii of-

f !, ai f q § IOI | 1 - n "ye»uodol’armaturo, pi-Ocisemont bio 5 fa*, q S. u ®s ct qui qst oxtrdmoim-nt agrea-
' ^,“ c ^ 5 „ deux P«lw do nudiwlemVS io ]- ='i, a Jo a / n l ,0Swaa ,5 , cla l''el a salloduCongrOs,
h 2m d ™T“ lo Plusenoi-gique, pr&illnn^.’v v s » • CS- i t r S 16l -P* 10n ® :i . la sallodit

Sunposons la machino on liiouvoment 1 p<; dc

} ^ IS - S! ‘ CC3 ?® produisent il la fois dans L'ania-i raisaoifi 0 ^ 80 '! 11 ! 1 ?' 18 ‘i’™' 3011 cl do Swan pa-
rafcuif ll <?nnin 0 .. 0tdan ? c i rcuit - M. Edison ai'trouvdcV S- kh-iI? ® Heurcusos qiion ait

nes-tanK les mach

ndeStfe °cVar
5 qa «ter io plus n cSS a Sf5

•otdSta'Ja™ olfiBODlortoutNow-yoikdalbrce' • !••«««*«« Mmm i

SSwe otrS^imnia in J a 5 Da la Plus^.r qn - B 0 ^ trajfe d'C-ioclricilO slnt nio^ f,^

- «!°BlJo, W. Bqcqqmili.,Lcs maiiun^^

gnOioosiocfrrqnSff ertt 6lff^piFqne®-par M, A1P)
toiuo Breguot r• tout co- qut- coucorne la. trons.i I
mission do rdleclricild, fl s, cablesi paratou-’
uorros, a Old dficrit par M; H. ClOrae;

L’i-loclromC-triocsnB point qui allrro surtout.
l’atlontiou dit congris; cost, una science qui cst i
oncoro h S03 ddbuts ot quf n’a pas do mesurcs (
definitives;, dausio chapilre aur l'd-lcctroindtrio, )
dil 6 M. Raynaud, cliaoitro tics diendu cl tres !
bien fait, on tronvera un oxnosd comnlet do
la question. Tout lo mondo aonlcndn parlord03
Qhiu, dos Wobcr, dos Farad; co sont la dos •
denominations.blon pcuscioiUiHqnqs, ellca ont
on lour valour, olios out cueoro lour ulilito, i
inais il sorait pmit-clro tomps do irouvor quel- j
quo chosoqui soil ptusjiitornntional, plus dcfl-

iiom-s, los electroscopes, los tlicrinoniclres,
a ualvnnomC’lrcs ct les fralvanonictrcs, Ics
M&snlcs do tungonics,* 1(3 mullip!icntonr, lo
aKiuiturnolrc , los olcctvo-dynamomolres, il
mdcomntodoH divers Gtalonn do rcsialaneo
; ;»o capacity rhdoastoldo Wheats ion v\ balauoo
mpont do Wheatstono, galvauombtro univer-
^Ensidto'v^pn'nont los applications do l’dlocl^

L'fXPOSITIO.X INTERNATIONALE B'ELECTIUCITE.

Oourirloi- Indnstrlol.

(Corraimid. parliculUre it L'mpirraDANCB.)

Paris, f“ soptembro.

Dans lour vlsllo nnx mervolltcs d'Edlson lesvlsl-
tours porleot surtout lour attention sur Ics globes
do verro des lampcs. dans lesqualloa brills uuo lu-
ml 6 ro douco, dlscrtlo, dont l'dolat cst udmlrablo-
mont opproprI 6 aux ndccasltda do la vie domcstiijuo.

I| icmblcrall quo la lampo scale lour pardt rdalisor.
lfldinicllo prob! 6 mo do I'dclalrage dleclriquo. Collo

Cit6: M. Blavier s’ostBpOcraloi

loctvudU des. machines dynauto^ieoiriqii^ ro- o

qui conslsto non aculement dana sa lampo, mais our-
loiit dans les dispositions qu’ii cmplolo pour y amo-
rofl’dleclrlclld. -

Sans see canalisations Ingdnleuses dos couranls
dlcclriques parcourant lea rues, so rC-unlseact dans
des bodes do jonollon pour ao rSparllr dana toules
les directions on reaiant complbloincnt Indcpondanta

Nous nous emprossons do signaler Tappan-|
linn du Drcinior Uaciculo d’un nouvoau IrailL dc
SoKio<W do M?N. do Lapparont. ingOmqu.
d« uni a 616 pemdant plusioum aan**s,

altachd>au aorvico do la carte gdologiquo «[6
taS (iS Prance. Nous ongageous ^uicur J

Hns^asawsi^

des terrains et do lours subdivisions, avee un
torminotogio puremont 6trnngfcro; it faut pror
dro it 1’iitranger certaincs coupes 9

ro«r&°irtUi^ :

tOs tfuno manibro comptOto, sauf pcut-6lraoci

taius terrains, anoionB.dimcilwaOi-iei miner

causa do lour pauvretd on fosstles.

I A, VERNIun. ,

I a quol M. E llson a’dst appllquS^ ,

leur action cbmimmo, do lours dispositions raison-
ndes tonics on parfallo harmonlo qu il rdaullq cet
dolsiraso morvelltcux connu ddsormala aous lo nom

d °*Linu>ba 1 < h E lHro n da rontelanomonla dconomlqucs
quo la chalour ddvoloppdo par la lorapa eat li 6 a
falblo Elio n’ost qua do to p. c. doldnergludd-
penl- oV rond OO- p. o. dolnmiCro. U gsz.au
coutralro. donna b qualil 6 tgilo d'dnorglo 90 p. o. do
-s-niwnr ot 10 p. o. do luinlOro. Aussi.tans prdclser

ou 808 youx; ot, S'll V a ¥ ; f !® ur °.

W- dV>ut Giro wfayoo l > te< <

It nte la possibility d’omploycr cetle pyj

>(, gttftsouvllin hW;Finj%'ij4 t
I cpmlp5I(!fipbtaiji!e1# li&log/eft auric sort
OB son mariage.cot hommo, "prudent lut rG- '
pondit: « N’ayez craiute, mariez-YOus.man
* m V[.Wup: ne ; 6orez,.point malhaurcux, si
• Bleu ,pjalt. : ».Nous,Ton sommes 14.,ami, et
nous aurons .'bi,eat6t un’accumuIatour mer-
;, voUloUx.li' «i -Dleu plaU.-- En 'Atle'n'atinfi'lia-

j y aHippff , m 1 ^ 1 j 1 •' ••;-• >•

; '••'WWf lp.^urfl,; (Tflii/^oy^V'SufvroavQC
aiwmlpn.> les iitmvatixi' deB v^lectrldierifl i ■>Us

pail, 11 n« sauralt vpus mener qu’i fa ruine.

... c * ~;v~'jsTciuai

Jeudi 15 Septembre 18 81

L , J. core GIG rdsolu, on 1'Gtat acluel dcs cho-

exposition d 61ectncit(b 8C8| ollo C8l liern)l8() , U . BM gran , C8

- duslrles, disposanl d'un emplacement, d'un

r.es soirdcs do 1’Exposition sontdeplus mal ' !riel ul d ’ “ n personnel sutllsanls pour
plus aniindos. Non seulomont lo mondo 3a produolion sur uno grando dchcllc. Los
rant profile do colto occnsion uniquo d'd- P olilcs lam P |!S , oloctrlqiiea d Edison , do
Her dt visu los porfoclionnomcnts ap- Swan cl do Maxim sent cllos-mdmes accom-
rttis par chaque nation dans les muca- P a 8 ,,(ic8 » unc puiasunle ct volumincuse
irncs photo ou dynamo-dlectriqucs; mais niaclilno; ot, dans toute cctto vnsto expo-
public sans possddor la scionco pour 8 ^ on > 011 1° gdnio,international do I’adini-
niprend ro les causes ct souvent aussl los I™' 1 ' 0 “ ci “ nco d ^ouvcrto par Franklin et
els vralmcnt prodigiciix dont 11 cst Id- fialv,llli •’ 03t llonn '- carndro, aiicim invon-
Din , sail comparer entro cux les appa- ,ellr > auclln savant n a essayd do produiro
its exposes ot son jugemont ou sos pro- la lumliir8 8ans >">» ™ 8,1 ‘«o motrice. Nous
roncos - chose romarquable a 1'dgard nous trompons Seulo, la Soc.dle d’dlectri-
uno oxliiitilion aussi techni(pio - no c,llS Tommasi (11, ruo do Provenco), dans

,rii.ni inmnia ft fuiv 80n navillon do la salle 1G, fait una fo-

iricni jamais a iau\. marquanle oxccptlou, quo nous croyons lio-

Co jury populairc, qui apprddo lea olio- V oir signaler t i' aUenlion dc8 | lomm03
s do la scionco d aprGs les impressions com p<Uonts. Elio a, du reslo, olilonu ddjil
I’il on reqoit, avail ft so prononcor antra | a f av <>iir do j a grande majoritd dcs visi¬
le grando varidle d’ engins destines & t our8j qll | par j a col nparaison do co sy-

oduiro la lumidro. stdmo absolument uniquo avoc les autros,

Eli bion, nous rcconnaissons quo parmt constate uno originalilG, s’ informc, puis
s magniflques lampos dloolriquos dont la : flnit par a( imiror.

arid, tour a tour dbloulssanto ct douce, ; cotto lampo , nous lo rdpdtons , cst la
i prGto, dans to palais do l’Industric, aux j 80 ulo ofi aucuno maebino magneto ou dy-
pplicatlons les plus diverses, la favour do namodloctriquo no participo dircctemont
i public n’a pas ndgligd la trds cnricuso n i indircctomout a la production dos ra-
mpo cxposdo par la Sicictc d’ ilcctriciti ! y 0 ns luminoux, quoiquo leur octal ct lour
nivtrstlle Tommasi. I pouvoir dclairant solent dgaux a ceux dcs

On sait — ou 1’ on no sail pas — quo plus puissants engins mus par la force md-
mles les lumidres produitos par les pro- I caniqno. Uno pile — r.ppcldo a juste litre
■dds actuols exigent uno force molrico ; pile domestique, puisipie ft peine une fois
onl r importance , et par consequent lo I par mois ollo cxlgo quelqiics soins quo to
oluino vario scion lo degrd d’ intunalte | premier venu du roste pout lui donner,—
o 1' dcl'airago obtonu. Dans lo paluis do t sutllt ft procurer d’uno facon rdguliGrc ct
Industrie toutes cos machines, moteurs ■ constanto, touto i’intonsild liimineuso dont
.... ft vapour, sont rouiiios duns los on pout uvuu busoin; cotte pile, la plus
aleries do la parlio nord do V exposition, ingdnicusc ot la plus parfaitc sans contrce
ft olios acHonncnt les nombreux systftmos , dit qui ait 616 construito jusqu’ft cojour,
ynamo-dleotriques, d’oft partont les Ills | pout fttro instaltdo dans la cave , au gre-
liargds du oourant pllotogiSniquo. j »!«. '“'pS.iSmbI qu’ il

C’ cst cotto force , condition rondamon- mloux. La lampo

a,„ do la lumidro dloob quo qui os^ a j cst pourvuoVun rdgulalour au-

aiuso promiGrc.de sa olarlG , ot qui ompG f tomal , (IU(1 (pli pcnda „t uno durde moyon-

lauso promiGre do sa clarlo , ct qui ompG- I 1 . J

■he son adaptation mix bosoins domcsl1 -I‘ n0 d ‘ huit i, 0 „ r
pics. On comprond on olfet qu’aucune mai- \ charbon8 ct ,
ion bourgooiso, qu aucun menage, no von- j d(j3 d|m#nl|#n

lrait el no pout aocoplor los sujotlons, los ■ 68 c(j dlSla[j ,

einbarras, los frais do 1’ installation d une , romp | acelnont a,
machine h,vapour ou ft gai pour s Go alror. j fournit pondant

no do huit liourcs pousso graduollomeiil
les charbons ct cnlrctient 1’ arc voltalque
ft dos dimensions invariableinent egates ;
aprGs cc delai, un coup do main sufllt an
romplacemont dos cliarbous ot la lampo
fournit pendant huit heures encoro uuo

Sans parlor defdangors inbGronts ft la pro- nouv(jllo ‘ carr |Gro.

duotion do cotto foroo, on so figure dint- ^ ^ d#1#rlpUoll „ uo noU8 venous
cilomont un ronllor lounnt un ohaulTour ou j donncr de Ml lngdll | ollx appareil fait
un mGcanicion ft 1 “""f rcssortir l’uvantago Gconomlq c qui ro ulto

ot survclHor sa machino motneo pendant j omploi, ot qui rGaliso lo porfoctlon-

qu’il ost au thGfttro ou ft la promenade. La n|jment , e plu8 prallqll0 , i 0 plus sdrloux
lumtGro Glectriquo, cortes, cst coot fois domJstiquo do la lumlGre 6-

prdfdrabte ft toutes los autros, mats lo pro- ;

bIGmo do sa divislblltti n’. oyant jas , on- loctrl 1 uo ’, ; : : j. .......

La lampo Tommasi rcsout done, do la'memo olioso qunnd lo (jnz nppanit, ddtl'Ui-
manidre la plus heurouso, uno dcs nlusl na,lt 103 Ialltor »<w <lo qtiurtler, quo les ha-
grosses quo.tlous qui aiout jiisqu’4 prdsontpsi^oi^^jnprolSSoi^H^fSril^puu^ilos
6td posdes aux ingdmcurs chages do fairo'soils, quo dirons-iious do colic rni'oil oill>
ontror la luniiuro vollalijuo dans los be- porto.dos snllos du i’nlnls dclairdos par los
soins journaliers. lillo joint4 celloqualild j“ m '' e z sc ’ ost n .°" soulomont
ficonomiquo la facility mcrvcilleuso Uc son qu’oiles iM-oscilventX^Sabllssenien^
omploi, la suppression de lout danger d’ac- M C8 . ot , »os ateliers, nmis I'liuUc, la
cidents, la commodity do son Installation ^V 01,03 clmssont dp nos
aussi Won dans los apparlomonts do la $ malgrdtoiltes “ofs" o" a°o8

vlllc ct dos petits ateliers <jn A la eainpa- frols do tolletto ou do ddflulsement. On a
gne, dans les chAtenux, partout on an mot H 0 * 11 !, 1 ’ 01 nfoi;inordai)8d03feu!!%csd\)i\daU3

usino a gas capablo do communii]uer uno fuinant, avoc tons sos nulrcs ildfauLs on
forco motrico, Interdil I'usago dos lampos 1 “ l ./oriiiont 4 Jamais nos , portos. Duns los
raagndlo illectriqucs. ft 10 * 1 ! 1 ' 3 ,ll \! 011 ost contralntde rompluvor,

, , 1 ’ II est maudit dos ouvriors, dontil vicio I’ut-

Au momont ou tous les esprils, Ions los mospliOro; dans los cafe's on leg rosLm-
oflorls do la science induslrieilo so porlont [fsoWlontc?ln« l I,llii3ul ;
vors les applications do co morvoillonx isUisdVttvo.?. uoios Wh '

agonl qui csl inconleslaWomont appold 4 Rnont dos lustres d'ou sa clialcur'incn
Ctro la force el la lumidre do I’avonir nous : rail . < ! luU ?, ra -'. onilL ' suns cossc; duns los !,'".

tion do JI. Tommasi, qui, nous n’en dim. vc , 1 ! t ’ ..

•SESr-rS* ASSESS

r Francesco Muccdonto T

Macteur en cW X2M

1.®

HnnxcxU SoiHombro 18wosploudlt''"douce 1 “et

Mmmoni mum*

, »«■

, L psasgsi?!

I Si nn,r W I,UMU!BB "'• ECTm « lJ ' ; % table "” 013 d ’ 0E !

uou» h foSru¥mit’ l ’ cxl ? osi f i ’ e st quo'°BrasMu?"Vo U MSvaufc : I

.

uoni! SS0U1, n °Iro d'os ll nlMs« 0 j mnto duus

.mm

mm

— ; ‘ ' 6 d “ -Josseiitli- ja

7^^infn^^TDir^ Al ? 0 ^ a < shptembrb 18U
f SITIOH D ELECTRICITE Imtout quo lo gaz ondonnai

[mldroddpourvuo do touto odo
transformo pas los salons on fo
qui n’dmot aucuno vapour nul

LA. LAMPS EDISON blomOUtS OU do

«“°. I ’? x P 0 = Uf0 “ ,grammocomnr r o

l'hommo ni 4 oolio '
ou dos polnluro3 doll
■utour do nous. Voi

Jsrsr&

— fournir uno lumioro nar- toutoaloa dltocliona imaginable*. Edison
lixo. Mala Is corps inoandoscont on uno.potito splralo qu’il enforma .
mo aurfaco do rofroidiasomont dans uno ampoulo do vodro.grosso oommo).
plus grando ot rayonno plua'uuo liollo pommo d’opl. Cotto ampoule, *
la ohulour quo lea moldculos qul avail, on otfot, 111 formo d’uno pommo, :
uffioa parl’arc voltaiquo. II perietal! formoo on bas par uno maaso do
icoup plus do forco sans rosultat pliltro quo travorsalont dauxgros conduc-
t-a-dlro aanalumiiiro corroapon-toura mdtalliquca conduisant lo courant
id’autrea tormos, lo rondomont dana la Bplralo do platlno doatinea i a'il-
10 oat pou dlovo; avoo uno momo luminor par iucandoaconoo.
eelriquo, l’incandosocnco fournit Voilii dans sit physionomlo promicro
moina <)o lumioro quo l’aro vol- la lampo d'Edison parfaltomout indopoii-
ar consoquont, ootto lumioro daqto dans soa mouvomonla ot capable do
chor. Or,uno lumioro trop cou-prondro toutes I03 formes ot toutos les
'olios qu’on aoiont d’ailloura loa positions quo l'on vout. II sufllt, on allot,■

- pratiquo o’ost uno utopio. pour fairo fonctlonnor l'npparoll, do mot-
uo lo point faiblo du aystdmo tro les conductours mdialilquoa on com-
la matlbrs a rondro incaa- ipunlcatiou avoo dos fils nucloonnucs'

commo aos ohovoux do fommo. olio doviiitl j lour radiation. Clianuo
too capablo do coosorvor uno’ for mo n i d ' 1,61 l° e ' a , yon "“ 0,1
gido momo a cot otat do miuouur idoalo ?' r 1 l 00 1 vol ? 1 “s, do aorto qu’uno partio do
Ea cinquiomo lieu, olio dovait Otro.di 5 lfe 0 |?i«J? Ur ' ra / olin60 ? 3t uli,isi ° l dans un
poado do manioro ii dlminner autant tiuofin J 1 P^n?IH CQ n mutl }? 1 dds spires Puno
, possible la conductibilito du milimt nm lautro# Pour dimiimcr oiicorn
blunt pour 1‘oloctricitd ct surtout pour lan!°ni° v ^» mIcur on rQC0U vrait lo ill, a ti

d’dvitor lorofroldlafomontmSmo U "° m i nC ° Couoho d ' un oxydo
fmL vil 10 , Uno , porl ° oonslddrablo dodosfc™ °? sa , ya ««« foulo d'oxy.
forco vivo, porto qni coaatituo lo vloo prin-orand i* i. B 01 lno ' torroux ot d’un

sugar «•

A?dn^Jno dq^aui^parca^qu'lU^qrorwUno

,foublor *“« lour

7 EEUlUpN Dl] JOliRMl DBS DtBMS

EXPOSITION D’filECTMCITt

feCLAIBAQE AUECTRIQUE

TJn des plus grands altraits de l’Exposi-
tion d’dleotrlcitd est sans contredit la sails
deM. Edison. La foule s’y presso tous
les soirs. M. Edison fait bien rdellement
salle comble ; on avait tant parld des in¬
ventions et surtout do la lampo mervcil-
leuse du pbysieien do llenlo-Park! Tout
le monde veut3avoirjusqu’4 quel point le
cdldbre inventour a tenu ses promesses.
Lorsqu’ilyadeuxansddj4,nonsannoncions
les premiers que M. Edison dtait parvenu &
rdaliser un systSmo complet d’dclairage
dlectriquo, tout prdt 4 6tre substitud 4
I’dclairage au gaz, on aocueillit lanouvelle
aveo une oertaine incrddulitd. On eflt vo-
lontiers rappeld le proverbe quo l’on ap¬
plique aux inventions qui viennent do
loin. On prOnonja mdme lo mot de mysti¬
fication. Un dlectricien, et des plus dmi-
nens.dorivaitloetto dpoque enfaisantallu-
sionau systdme d’Edison: « C’est une idde
4 l’dtat d’£bauche,qui n’a rien de neuf et
no nous parait pas devoir conduire 4 des
•rdsultats bien sdrieux. » Les temp3 sont
ibien cliangds. Tous les doutes ont dis-
-paru. Ceux qui voulaient toucher, comme
saint Thomas, ont aujourd’hui les lampes
sous les yeux. Tous les soirs, des lustres,
des canddlabres rdpandent leur lumidre
douce et dorde dans les salles 24 et 20
et dans difTdrentes parties du Palais. Le
sucods est considdrable; 11 est consacrd
joumellement par l’enthousiasme, les td-
moignages d’dtonnoment et d’admiration
du public.

Quo pouvait-on ,'soubalter en effet de.
plus joli, do plus oxtraordinairo mdme
que ces petits foyors'do lumidre si fixo et
si calme; si. caressanto.ppur le regard I
Nous sbmmcB habituds 4 nous reprdsen-
ter la lumidre dlectriquo sous forme de
foyers dblouissans, scihtillans, dura' 4
l’ceil, bruyans, changeant sans cease
dTntensitd, aux tons variables et bla-
fards. Ici, au contraire, on a dovant soi
une lumidre qui a dtd en quclque sortocivi-
lisde, accommoddodnos habitudes, mlse 4
nolro portdo; chaque bee dclalre. comme
du gaz, mais comme un gaz qu’il eQt fallu
Inventor, un gaz donnant une lumidre
d'une fixitd parfaile, gaio et brillante sans
gdner la rdtinc.

Et quelle dilTdrenco avec Io gaz I Elio
ne rdpand dans l'appartement aucun
produit de combustion, ni acide car-
bonique, ni oxydo de earbono, qui vi¬
olent l'atmosphdrc, ni acide sulfbydri-
que, niammoniaque, qui altdrenl les pein-
tures et les tissus; ello n’dldve pasta
tempdrature de l'air et no produit pas cette
chaleur si.incommode etsi fatigantedugaz.

Ellosupprimo tout danger d’explosion
et d’incendie; cllen’est pas soumise pen¬
dant les froids 4 des variations d’dclat
ddsagrdables, ni 4 ces changemcns de pres-
sion dans la canalisation, qui rdsultcnt
de la condensation de certains car-
bures d’hydrogdne. Elle va toujours
de sa marche rdgulidre et impassible,
quelles que soient les inlempdrics des
saisons; que le tliermomdtre descende
au-dessous do zdro, que le vent souffle
en tempete, secoue les arbres et les
canddlabres, ello donne toujours la mCmo
somme de lumidre. Ello brdle mdme au
milieu do l’eau aussi bien que dans l’air.
Ello est compldtement inaccessible aux
influences extdrioures. Que d'avantages 1

Vous rentrez chez vous. Avec lo gaz, il
faut tournor lo .robinet, enflammer une
allumette et la lumidre so fait. Heureux
encore, lorsque par mdgarde on n’a pas

onblld caparlantdenien-fcrmer le robl-
net ;; autremontlo gat so serait- dchappd
; et .-oiijralt obhailtuA^miBU -uin.

lango ddtonantjen idjumant, Id, bee,, .on;
produiraituno exploslon.Oupcut sodeman-
der comment' les adcidens’ n’arrivent pas
plus souvent etcomment, surtout au ddbut,
la crainte de ! oe danger, qui n’a rien d’im-
possible, n’a pas retardd lerapido ddvelop-
pement qu’a pris l’nsigo 'du gaz. L’habi-
tude est bion vralinent une. secondo
nature., Avec l’dleptricild, o’est autre-
m'ent • commdde. Vpus rentrez, vous
presscz / .un bouton,, et, sans. fpu, sans
allumette, Unite. Uu'maiaon . a'dclaire.
II y a mieux oncorojen fait ce que l’on
veut do l’dlectricitd.' Appuyor sur un
bouton ou tourner un roblnet voiis sem-
blo-t-il trap exigert Qu’4 cela ne tienne,
vous ouvrez la ports do l’antichambre,
lo bee dlectriquo s'allumera'de lui-mflme;
vous pdndtrez dans lejsalon, les lampes
brillent, les canddlabres 'jettent des, tor-
rens de lumidre; vouspntrez dims voire
ebambre, dans votre cabinet de travjail,
les bees s'allument antomatiquement.
Par cela seul quo vous ouvrez la porte de
ohaque pidee,. vous obligez la lamps 4
donner de la lumidre.. M. Edison est un
magioien. , .

L'invontion du physicien amdricain
nous paraltmarquer une_dro .nouvello
dans les proeddds de l'dclidrage publio.
C'est en eflet un systdmo absolument
complet erdd de,touted pidees et qui per-
met une application immddiato. II mdrite
de fixer tout partioulidrement l’altention."

Les premiers essais do M. Edison re-
montont 4 l’annde 1878, L’dchp des expd-r
riences d’dolairage dlectriquo de l’avenue
de l'Opdra et de l'Exposition de Paris par-
vint 4 Edison pendant qu'il faisait un
voyage avec M. Draper 4 travers les mon-
tagnes Rocheuses. L’inventeur amdricain
avaitddj4 une rdputatlon ouropdenne; on
avait admird au Cliamp-de-Mers ses. ap-

pJnreilcf pleins d’orlginalitd, tela que le
phohographe, le tdldphono 4 pile, le
itdldgraphe quadruple!, etc.POurquoi, lui
dit un matin son compagnon, trds dmi-
nent physicien lui-mdme, pourquoi n’a-
bprderie^-vous pas aussi le probldme de
l'dola(rage par l'dieotricitd? Edison rdfid-
ohlt quelqucs jours, et, dds son retour,
on le vit laisser de cOtd les tdldphones et
d’autres. inventions on prdparation; sa
rdsolutlijn dtait.prise; il so mit 41 'odu-
yre immddiatcment aveo les puissans
jnoyons d’exdcution que les capitallstes
des Etals-Unis Bavent mettre 4 la dispo¬
sition dds liommes de science.

Son pi iniutvite dressd: il ne lui conve-
nait pas'de rdaliser tout bonnemeht une
lampo dlectriquo meilleuro quo les autres;
il s’agissai de trouver une solution com-
pldte do ’ddairage; machines produc-
trices d’dlcstricitd, conduitea souterraines,
distrlbutioi 4 domicile, compteurs, etc.
Il fallait, n un mot copier, le gaz,.
suivre do ous points le systdme aotuel
d’dclairaga qui cstpassd dans nos habi¬
tudes, liv or des bees de huit ou .seize
bougies cpmme les, bees de gaz, faire
payer le eo . dlectrique d’^prds la con-
sommatioi d'dlectricitd, introduce la lu- ;
midre die itrique ..dans les maisons par

des. canalsations, etc. ; bref, adopter
les combli daons des.Compaguie? de gaz,,
tout.en anurant au consommateur des
avantages lertains au point dp vue de la
ddpenBe, < :s facilitds d’installation et de
la beautd le lp lumidre. En moms de
deux ana, :e plan qui efltparu 4 tout au¬
tre inexdc table fut cependant suivi de
point en p int et rdalisd dans toute son
dtendue.

On ne so fait gudre ici une idde
des difficultds qu'il a fallu vaincre, do la
sommo iicroyable de travail qui a dtd
iourni pendant dos mois; on a expdri-
mentd niit et jour au laboratoiro de
Menlq-Pfrk transformd en usine; on
compte jar centaines' de milio les es¬

sais et:les expdriences prdparatoires; on
rptrouve de,tous cfltds dans l'ceuvre ac-
oomplle la trace des' efforts prodigieux
quo seulo peut fairs une volbntd indoinp-
table surexcitde 'par des entraves sans
oesse renais'santes. L’invontion est venue
4 : son heuro comme sur commande, 4
prix d’or, et enlevde de vive force par le
gdnie d’un homme. C’est un exemple sans
prdcddenB et qui restorapeut-fitre unique
dans l’histoire des ddcouvortes moiiernes.
'Elle serait bien curieuse 4 retracer, l'his-
toire compldte de la lampe Edison.

Toutes les reoherches du physicien
de Menlo-Parlc se sont d’abord couoon-
trdes sur la base du systdme, sur l’inven-
tion d’un foyer lumineux vraiment prati¬
que. Aprds quelques hdsitations, M. Edison :
admit en principe qu'il fallait abandonner
pour un dclairage domestique la lumidre
par aro vpltalque, trap dure 4 l'oeil et
ndeessitant 1'emploi de baguettes de
charboq. Avoir 4 mettre dans une
lampe chaque jour une'provision de ba¬
guettes de charbon est upo sujdtion in¬
compatible avec nos habitudes; o’dtait en
revenir 4 la mdche do nos lampes aveo
cette aggravation qu’il dtait ndqessaire de.
larcnouveler sans cease. Ilfallait imaginer.
un beo fournissant de la lumidre 4 la fagon
des bees de gaz, sans qu'il y eftt lieu de
s'occuper de l’entrctien de l’appareil. On
est naturellement conduit ainsi 4 n’ad-
mettre, pour la solution dcla question, que
la lumidre dlectriquo produite par in¬
candescence, et non plus par arc vol-
tai'que. . •

Qu’est-co quo la lumidre par incandes- ,
cenco? Il faut so rappelor que tout courant i
dlectriquo traversant un conducteur md- c
tallique dchauffe plus ou moins ce con¬
ducteur, en raison de la difficultd qu’il f
dprouvo 4 se frayer un chemin. Le frotte- c
ment, comme on sait, engendro de laoha- '
leur. L’dlectricitd, en circulant dans lo >
mdtal, y rencontre sans cesse dos ob°ta- I.
cles 4 sa propagation; elle frotte contre 1 1

; de ol>ileur.;Si, 4 un conductefir ?c-
. latiyernent; gros.- on .soude un . conduct
■ tour.trds dtroitcJe couraht iau ,point "do
raecordement -.est dtrangld; il dnrouve.
beaucoup ..de -peine pour passe?, ? “Ia

frottemens ,v,;sont , dnerglques , et /la
chaleur. produite.. devient subitement
dnorme daps .ce. couloir dlroit. Le conduc¬
teur pent etrejbrusquement portd 4 une
tempdrature:de, 1,500, 1,800, 2,000 degrds
Il est rendu.incandescent et jelte un dclat
trds vif. Tout le .monde a vu rougir ainsf

m/d(J S n d r UD . 00Ur f nt dlectrique dee'
filsde pldlinoi-La tempdrature engendrde

«nf n npnAnf r&i8lanCe °PP 03<5e «U COU-

rantj.pendmt son passago 4 travers le

'O'o Qt&e&H v4^

./ ' /

DU 27 'oCIOliRB 1881 '.

• exposition ' ib’i^tcTivicffifi:;;

eOLAIRAOE £l_CCTRIQUE lii

Noua^avons dAcrit la.lampo .de^E^ljj.
son. Uno lampo, ai.excellenle qu’oUc.aoit,
no c'pnslituo pad b ello seulo un syatbme
complet d’Aclairagb; cen'cst'qu’un rouage
cssentiel dansTbnsemblo.Oa no met ,pad
d’AlectricilA dana uno lampo comme.on y.
met doThulle.'La production Aconomique
de 1'AlectricitA exigeant des machines °- n 7-
combrimles, il cat Avidcnt quo pour'fafrc
pAnAlrer le nouvel Aolairagb daps los iptp-
aona, il jest da toute nAcbasilA do .le
rendre commode, et' dlobligey ■ lba,. ci^U:
rana AlcctriqueB.^b' venir, d>ux-inflp).cp.
danalea iampea, commeon co mdment.ip
gaz arrive jusqu’aux.bepa.'.U.’ EdisorCa,
rAsoln 00 problbmb.'ctnoub'ailona eaailycj:
d’cxpliquer sojnmairement, comtoept,!!
fabriquo l’dlcctrtdtb par grande8 quanti-r
Ida, la canalise et la diatribuc b domicile,.
Nouane saurions trop rApAter quo nous
ne dbcrivoiis pas ici les dAtaila, d'uq sin}'-,
pic projet',plus on moiua Sujel i oautiobj
raaia bicn un'ayslbme cxAculA et prfit 4

j feiia'rd.allB^a,' pi^ta ij biro ,ppsto|l

1 aaile.’Edlapnj au 1 Palais* dps Cliaipi

'LorsqnTl a’afeit du;gaz, i.qu’il.dgsIM
'toui 6 urc.de prendre pounmodAtefiarpo
.jqu’jl,» poup, lui PexEdtippce. acquis ,m
installe, aelon le pArlmbtro;b de^iryir,;|
;uno ”. ou- ipluaieura ualnos . dapajj.daqup:
ivillo. De m 6 me,,,rinvonteur'iaineptain a;
Irecours. A .upe ,op.:plqsieurs fabrimw d' 6 -|
lilectrioild, solvent , 1 'imppr,lance digplrimb-
, tro 4 dclairer.; Le. gaz a'en'fei sof
jtcrro.daqa. de groa .tuyaux M au
llvont lea artbroB, .prlnoipales; f nr
'premier rdaeau, on grefTe dea tiijiux de;.
|mpimlrpdiambtre qul .lqngent„les ruea|
jtfanavcrsalea.et cnflq.^ur,' ebsibun, d’.eux
on brancho dea.tuyaux enepre plua pelils 1
quidonnent accbsau gaz dana chaquo mai-,
aon. jVeat ce mode,do ; .panaliaation qui a
|jdte.npproprld,an tr,an 0 port:et A la dialer
'button de rAlectricitAj •rtrVii--.

' . De.ohaquo'uslne centfqip' pgplent doq
jeonduitea mailrcasea.qui,.font -rsyonner
'danatoutoa lea ruea des.ponduitea accon-
jdairea, aur lesqueUcsso greffent 4 leur
jtour. lea conducteura de petite, auction
qui pbnbtrent b domicile. Eu apparenco,
;lea conduUeS pour l’dl'eotri'oitd sont spin-,
blableabcellea du gaz.bcelaprb'sqaeleur
fdiambtrp eat extrbmement rAduitjIesplua
[grosses ne dApaisent pqa.,le .dJanllre^dq
;braa.',de aont aussl dea tuyaux, naia des
■’tuyaux qul au lieu d'fltrecrcux. renfor-
ment deux tiges do cuivre puridemi-cyi-
llndriquea, o’eat-A-dire plates d'oacOtb,
rondosde l’autre; si f op veut.^uno .tige
cyilndrique. aciAo. par' le' milieu dang
loiitesa longueur. Oca deux tringlts parol-'
lbles qui so prolongont 4 traverp Itute la
:canoliaition sont ompitAea dans u: mas-
jtio iaolant. de composition noarbie; : , i.
'pout remplacer la gutta-percha cl cottte

dutSuyau-ejiycwppe.APP.utl’hut^d’o
ibr toute dbperdltlo'u d’blectrloltb,

Imddlum dola maltj fcaconduptoura d’ao-
eba dans lea ma^bij',; oommo lo. petit
’doigt. Lea raccordjdQtrq les^onducteura
jde dlveraos aeotlou Jopbrqnt faodoqiont.
A chaquo otoiaqiqeitBdo, rue, .lea tuyaux
'pdcbtrentdaqa.uqcMIto jnlerpoabo ; daq8
la canallsatlpn, Uiirlnglea de.v.ouivro
,a'y montrent A.>|1 ; dans.-l'intbrlenr.
On.rqlio, par ( dpa plqo3,,mbtalllquca lo
bonduclout d’a'dpr .cpndqcteur-sitnU,
'lalre de -la, oonddleltpialtresse,, ot .do
'mbme le, conduct jn,do ; reto t ur;, 4' son
.'bomolbguo de ls c*n#iUe’; .ot i’embran-
chement cat fait- TjuJafola ladialaon n’est
paa dlrecte; .pile itjrbaliabc , pour - lea
, doux oonducleufsVijcbs du courant par
junelamo do plbinb*.i joiirratt aurvenir on
delict quo, .pour . ni»-|caua.e ou; pour uns
jautro,,Jo couranl'lectrique■ tranami8 de
'l'usino acquit bruqdement uno intonaltb
exdepUpnn^lle'.-'gcte'lniqijaltd aeraltAufr
iaaiute jpour.Alcvi'jjponaidbrabloment la

. :e jpour .Alevtjxc_

tempdraturb.d'um,porUoa -.dee. conduo-
teurs’p pqqr dbooDKiso'r.yla ,matlbre-1 iao:
la^ie. et, »,urt6pt;', pWi V » cSbire;

coup lea ,.fl)s .de .cqnmunipatlon dana -lot
jnaisonA. SI ces flUjAtrouvaieni prbs de
rideaux ou do teiiurea, un incendle ae-
rait & redoutor. M.E(li8on a-ponsA b. tout.
Qqpp, eo ca^,| i .lA..ppnb..4A.> )lt tolte s’A-
cUauire ;et cq'mqiaii,rbndAr33S d«igrAa,.b
une, teinpbrature qij n'arien de dangereux,
il rompt par ceja ntaq .toute coramuniea-

courant de;passer.- et< pare it toute-Aven-i
lualllA.'La lame do plomb ■ sort- d’apparcil
de aftretA : on l'appelle en AmArique-cu/-,

Le raccord ontre lea conduitea do la
rue ot lo tuyau-.d’accba dea maieons s’o-
ipbre de la.mAme manibro b travers uuo
ibotto Agalemont. munio de la-lame-de
plomb prAservatrico pour pluB do sAcu*
rilA. Euflu lea conducteurspartlculiersde,
ioliaque. malaon so rAduisont k de.aimplea
'Qls-iaolAs. par du; colon point b la cAruso
et .qul rayonnent dana tous.les appar-
tomens..-..vu-..;.. r -e-,; -•.
j Lea Iampea. sont dispoaAos aur dea lna-
'trea,- aur dea candAlabrcs, aur dea appli-
quea mobiles, anr dea chandeliers. Dans
tousles cae, leur liaison ave'o lea ilia eat
toujoura rAaliaAo par lo mbme moyon.
L’oxtrAmitA' du globe do verre eat lutAc
avco du plftlro dans uno aorlo d’anneau 4
jdeux virolc 8 de cuivro. Un dea ills cat en
communication avec uno dcs virolcs el
le Beopnd-lll reliA bl’aulrc virolo parfaite-
ment iaolAo de la premibro; on retrouve
cnooro ici b 1 ’intAricur do l'anneau-
aupport un ill de plomb qui sort de
trait d'unlon entre lc ill d’accbs du cou¬
rant ot/la virolo. qui Atabllt la communi-
cation,avec lo fil de la lampo. En cas de
beaoinl on fondant. il coupcrait lo circuit I
et cmpSohorait lo courant de dAtAriorcr la
lampclou son support par sa trop grande
intouaflA. Chaquo brancho d’un lustre on
cheque bras d'appliquo porto uno - clei
analogic au robinct de gaz. Quand on
fait, tolrnor. la clef, los contacts B’Alablis-
aent eitre lcs Qls do la lampo ct les fils I
du cirtuil aouterraln et la lumibro brille.
La maiceuvrc inverso rompt touto com-
innnicltion et, Atcint la lampo. Plua do
eburajt dana l’apparlement, plus do Ir

L'anologie qveo le gqz eo .poiirsuit dSns
loua lea tlAtallaavec oelto diiIArenco''C8-
aentielleici quc,;Ie.roblnet fermA,,lo gaz
reslo toujoura dans los tuyaux prfit a a’A-:
ohapper, ct b produlro dcs explosions.
L’AleotritA ne oirbule plus, la clef fermAei
ol d’ailleurs si olio oirculait elle no pour-
raitamener auoun aecldent. La clefdest
conlquo et b large-surface de faQon 4- at-1
tAnuer reffel do: la petilo Alincolle: Aleoy 1
Iriquo.qui so produit toujoura quand on
rompt le courant.:,- y • ■■■■ n«- • .<*

Dana’la aallc'Edison, co systbino csl
appliquA b deux grands Iuatrcs 4 oristaux
et b 80'bi-as,- inatallAs-lo long dAs murs.
100 Iampea brilieht tons los- aoirs. ■

Lc npmbre dc3 lampes sera augmeniA
dansquelques jours; on doit placer un
■nouveau lustro de 144 lampes, descandA-
labreade 25 lampes ct des girandoles A
4 Iampea aur, le pallor du, grand espalier.
Plnaleura expositiona du rez-dc-olianaaeo
sont AclairAea aussi aveo des lampes Edi-

i morit los AlAmehs 1 ordinafrea.de touteprob
ductiondo I’dlectricitA, lamachineivapAuf
et la machino dynamo-Alectriquo.-.Toutoej-i
fois.'M. Edison a mis ,aur l’ensembloidu??!
systbmesa griffepersonnelle.Il-a-coriiblnA'' 1 ’
un typo nouveau 4 rendement consIdAra--
ble, appropriA aux-- conditions -apAcialea jT
;du fono|lonnement aimultanA. d’unf ltd? P
grand.noinbro do -Iampea. -Chaquo.: g 6 nA 4 -,

: rateur do courans doit Atro^modiBAcaeloibj-
lo.rOle qu’il doit jouor.'Le gAnArdteur pour; r
la galvanoplaalio n'estpas combinA comma P
le gAhArateur pour- la -lumibro, jet v.celuirci! A
lui-m6me chaugo a’il a’aglt dedumiAre pan 1

Voilb succinotement pout la- canaliaa-
tion ot la distribution b domicile. Il est
superflu d’ajoutor que lea dimensions re¬
latives des conducteurs sont dAterminees
par lo caloul. Le .-diambtre des^ condnc-
leurs bgroaso section dApend do la lon¬
gueur do la canalisation tolale, otlea dia-
mbtres-dea conduotoura secondairea-aont |
eux mbmes fixAs d’aprbs la grosseurde la
conduite prinoipale. Tout so tient.,Cemode
do canalisation est Avidemuient plua sim¬
ple quo celui du gaz. Lesi tuyaux - exi¬
gent plus' pour leur pose-do profondes
trancbAes; on peut-les Atablir dans es
Agoula ou dans des camveaux on bordure
des trotloirs. ■ •

_machiueB-dyuamo-Alcctriques :o .

AlA conatruites jusqu’ici ipour ialim'ontor.m
un ou‘quelque8 foyers; or, dans 1'appli- ’ —
cation aotuolle,' -elies -aont. doatinAesiib
.fournir do l-'AleotricitA b des centainOa do l
lampes; il fallait dbnc un :diapositif pifi?- j
tlculier.- Noua avona dAfini au commence-*
menl do ces Atudes une,macbino dynamo-* I
Aleotriquo : « une bobine - do ill's mAtallt—.;
quea tournaut sana contact--devant lea |
pOlea,- d’un- aimant; ou-’ dlun:'.Aleotro- 1
aimant. » L'lnfluence: do l'aimant cn-.
gendredana le filde la bobine pendant
son mouvement des couranB- AlectriqueS
que lion recueillc. Si. le ill de la. bobioe.
estgroset court, les courana. efigendrAa.
out pen do teuton; s’ils soul fins'et
longs, les courans ont beaiicoup do ten- .
aion.Pour allmenter des'lampos 4inc.au-
de8cencei il.est ,indispen8able l afin i dq:sb
jmeltie dans de bonnes, conditions .de reu-.
dement, de ne go aervir quo'de courans’ b
faibb tonsion (1). Aussi- M. 'Edison’a Al'A,

(t) 1 Importe, ea.eflT«t,' que
icuVtiu’otTro la machine au pasai

Quelques lignes maintenant s ’ lr rn P lue fneadpse™
oentrale. Nousy retrouverona pAcessaire- pcs,^r6.u

imeut Hurt ae 8/10 do continio.AdmeltoD8 encore quo >

Heniu de Parville.

... f&: , lasbff8ia>yn,,touf , prSiattr&u^

!■ / «J»«i el rtp'fiaSt 2Sr' **£ ■ $ rf*5jj&-

la Richie so confond

deux sources lumineuseg
chaVr^ P f)l i P0Ur oha( I ua dislaoce d„
est trta simple. Le rappjrl des

est immddiatemont indiqud.

11 hom reste encore trt'dernleir point i
dluolder. OtfpMe Ie g4z « rfldon .do f
consommation journalise, Et 1 dlpctricltd,
comment ipprdciera-t-on la t ddpenpeT
Cheque malson, ohaque appartemenl
mflme aural son cornpteur d dleclrlcild
comme anjourd’hoi son cornpteur 4 gaz.
Ces potiVs appareila fignrent dans la sec¬
tion d’Edison au palais; ils sont mignons
et de dimensions rddultes.

On a sous lee yeux unobolle mfl-
tallique d’envirdn'55'ceutimfltres do hau¬
teur sue 20 dttlargenr-ot 12 centimetres
d’dpaisseur. Placde verticalement, elle
s’ouvre a deux Battans comma les deux
portea d’uno amoiife. Elie ebt par-
tagie intdricurement par . nno clolson
verticals en deux compartimdns dans'
chacun desqu’ela. se r trouve uri petit
flacon plefn d’ane dissolution bieua de
sulfate de ouivre. Chaquo flacon renferme
en outre deux latoegmdtalliques en rela¬
tion avec les dSinfiict'd'urf du. rdseau &
leur entrde dans la malson. Une petite
friction, toujoura constants, du courant
gdnlral pdndtre par les lames au sein de |
la solution cuivrique et la ddcompdse; du
ouivre s\ddpose auruue deslames. Letra¬
vail ohimlque effectud mesurant oxaote-
menll’dne^jie du courant utlliad dans la
maistn, ilsnffit de geserlo ddpfltde cuivre
pour dfaluer k quantity d’dleotricitd' q'u’on
a diposde.TaM' les mots un agent ouvre
le comiarlimeii de.droite dont 11 a la clef |
et pdsele cuiykj. Tousles qns,. un con-
trtleur mvre lolcomparllment de. gauche
dont sell aussi i| a laelef cl pdse le ouivre
ddposd.^a somme des pesdes me'nsuelles
dolt dtr .dgale', lommo vdriflcation, 4 la
pesde anuellc. | ' .

Ea bier, quaid le frold devient in¬
tense, kddcomppsition, chimiquo. pour-
rait dtrattdnude j il ne faut pae que les

Variations de lempdratnre ddpassent unC
bertaino limite. poor; quo le procddd de
ieaure reate exact; ausst ^..Edlspn .«•
Wl'iDtrodult dans ctoque comparlimont
no do ses .petiteB lampes : une tlgo md-
iliique 4 deux mdtaux, indgalemcnt dlla-
ablea bo courbe sous faction du frold et
-iablit un contaot entre la lampo et une
prise de courant. La ldmpe s’illumine et
chauflo le cornpteur 4 une tem'pdralure
s'dnslblement constant^. Tput, comma on
volt, a did prdvu et parfaitement rdsolu.
Qu’il s’aglssede lumidre oude force trans-
njiiee, loot nb'onnd payera en raison: de

r.dlectricitd .qu’il aura ddpensdo,.

| S JTel est dains" ses grands traits le mode
Si production, de canalisation, de dis¬
tribution ct de meBurc de l’dleclricitd;
iftagind" par M. Edison.

i Quel sera dans un pareil systdme d’d-.
olairage le prix de revient ? •
j II est incontestable quo la inmidre par
incandescence est do beauicoup pins chdre
que la lumidre par arc voltalque. Chaquo
fbis quo l’on multiplie les foyers, on
accrolt lo nombro des cbarbons 4
dphaiiffer, on , augments' les pertes de
chaleur. les surfaces do rayonnement, les
rdsistances dans le circuit, etc.; on doit
fbrcdmant, avec la mflmo forco donner
iqoins do lumidre. Bieu que la diesdmina-
llpn des lampes permette de regagner uu
peu par une meillcuro distribution do la
lumidre, 11 n’eu est pas moins vrai que la
division aboulit toujoiirs en prinolpe 4
un rondement faible.

II eu est de mflmo pour le gaz. Un petit
bpc consomme relativement beaueoup
plus qu’uu bee puissant.

Ainsi, le bee papillon de la Ville donne
1 carcel 10 et ddpense 140 litres. Le bee
de la rne du Quatre-Septembre donne
■\i carpels etna ddpense que-1,400. litres,
Les bees intensifs Siemens fournissent

pour 300 litres 6 carcels pour, 000 fi{i ,
14 caroela; pour 80t).fitros, 2B carols;
pour 1,600 Utres, 47 carcels. On volt la
adpensb,, dlmttuor avec l’in?6nsltd. du

Une latfipe par-, incandescence donne;
par oheval, et par beure, 20 oaroels dta-
tribuds oh 20 fbyers; landle qu^n sfcnl
foyer dleotrique trdi pulssantpeut roornir.
par heurb jusgn’4 280 carcels. On admet
qu’en moyenne Ie rendemont do la 14-
midro par Incandescence eat plus de dix
foiB moindre. . ' ,

.. Male oel.qul'importe, oe n'est "pas .le
prlx relatif de la lumidre par inoandes-
oenbdfet par arc, o^est; le prix dfl. revient.
compard 4 celni du gar. La lumidre dlec-
trlque est moins chdre quo cello dtt gaz,
qu’il B'agissef de l’dolairage par arc ou
mflme par inoandescenoe. . „ ,

En brfllant direotement Lmdlres ctibds do.
gazdans an bee, on no pentlprodniro au'deU
de 40 carcels. Si l’on ddpense. cotto mflmo
quantitd de gaz potir fairs do la force dans
un moteur Otto, oq obtient. quatro cho-
vaux deforce qul, transformds en dledtri-
citd par une maohlno Gramme ,et on lu¬
midre par un rdgulateur Serrln, donnont
uno puissanoo lumlnouBB de plus do 300
beos Carcel, en ddgageant 180 fols moius
de chaleur. „

Lo mdmovolumo de gaz pout done don-
nor 4 volontd 40 bcc3 ou 300 bees, solon
lo mode d'ulillsation. II est vraisemblable
que le gaz dans, l’avenlr sorvira surtout
de combualibler 11 donne enfln 13,000'oa--
lories, quand la boutlle n’en ddveloppe
que 8,000.

Lee foyers Intenses et uniques ne
peuvent pas dire appllquds aux usages
domesliques ; mats, mflme aveo les lam-
pos 4 incandescence, on va voir qu’il y a
avantago 4 transformer encore le g4z
.dluotrlcUd,. . , . ..

En effot, lo parliculier qul vou-

drait dfls. malntenant dclalrdr son hotel
ou sa malson avoo les lampes 4 Incan-
deseoUce; sans sttendre l’dlabllsscmont
l’uno canalisation gdndrale, n’auraii
ju’4 | Installer ebez lul, dans le
jffus-sol,. uno machine 4 gdz de lin oil
deux dlievoux. La machine ddpense par
heure et par ohbvql 1 ihdtro cube. Ce
jndtre oiibo, transformd en dleclricltd,
fournlt avec les lampes Edison 20 carcel
etulimonto 20 lampes de 1 carcel. Le
mdtre,onbe brflld directement dans des
b jes de t, carcel no fournirait que 7 4 8
carcel; En no tbnant pas compte de
l’intdrit; ’du ,prlx tin moldur et de la
machine, et do l’amorUssement, on obtien-
(Jrait 4 Paris la lamtdre dd 20 carccl pour
30 centimes, soil’1 centime et demi pari
Carcel. Le bee carcel gaz coflto environ
4 centimes. Avcc les intdrfils cl l’amorlis-
sement, pour le systdmo mdcanique
venant 4 peu prd<'4 0,000 fr., ct pour
dclairage do 8,000 beures par an,
trouvo comme prix do revient environ
2 centime's par carcel ct par beure.

Lorsqu’on produira l’dleotricild par des
machines 4 vapeqr puissantes, la ddpense
on charbon dtant rdduito par force do
oheval 4 1 kilogramme, ct le kilogramme
do houille coOtani 8 o. environ, si l’on ne
tlent pal compte des frais do canalisation,
d’lntdrfit, eto., lo prix d’uno carcel des-
dendraiti un quart do centime.

II c3tjimpossiblo en ce moment de prd-
qiser del cliiflres ddflnilifs paroe que tout
(^dpend dvidemmciit do la longueur du
rdseau ft de sa densitd, c’est-4-diro du
riombretde lampes qul pourront fltre
groupdel sur lo mflme coiiducleur par
unlld delongueur. II est clair que les prix
s’acorotffont en raison de la distance 4
laquellqjll faudra porter la lumidre ou la
force. Tout ddpend ausst' du nombre
d'heureS de travail. Lo chiflro d'intdrflt,
d'amorlesomenl so rdparlit foredment sur

ce nombre d'bcures. SI do pin's, i’usind
envoio do la force pendant toute la jou'r-
nde 11 est dvide'nt quo les Irals sont rd-
duits en proportion.

Exemple : Admettons un rdseau da
80 kilomdtres de ddvcloppement alimentanl

20,000 lampes ou moteurs, et ndeessitant
une force de 1,00.0 chevaux. C'est une
densitd do 20 lampes par 80 md-
Ires, ce qnf est loin d’etre exagdrd :
11 faudra 80 kilomdtres do conducteurs
doubles, c'est-4-dire 100 kilomdtres de
conducteurs simples. Supposons que
les besoins du rdseau ndeessitent la
pose" de 20 kilomdtres. de, conducteurs
d’une section • do 2 centimdtres car-
rds et 80 centimdtres de conducteurs do
petite section de 1 cciitimdtrecarrd. Leprix
dukliogramme do cuivre pur dtant de 1 fr.
00 c., on peut eslimor le kilomdtro de gros
conducleur, avec eon isolant, son tuyau
do fer enveloppe 4 prds de 9,000 fr., et le
petit conducleur 4 3,000 fr. environ. Dd-
penses, environ 500,000. fr. Avec la cana¬
lisation suppldmentaire, les machines ,
les rdgulalcurs, eto., on peut doubler
ce chiflre pour les frais d'instaUalion,
et alter au million on ohiflres ronds, spit
80,000 fr. d’iutdrdt annuel. Les frais d’ex-
ploilation, loyor, personnel, amortisse-
ment seront d’au moins 180,000 fr. Total,
200,000 fr. Cette somme doit so rdpartir
sur Ic3 20,000 lampes. Co qui fait par an
otparlampe 10 fr. Si les lampes sontuti-
lisdes pendant 2,000 benres seulement, la
ddpenso affdrente 4 ohaque foyer sera de
undemi-centim. Si le travail se poursuit
pendant 5,000 lioures, la ddpenso baissera
' un cinquieme de centime.

Prenens lo oas le plus ddfavorable
2,000 beures. Le prix do revient ser:
d’une part d’un demi-oentime. Qt.de
l’autro d'un quart de centime pour les frais
do combustible, soit en tout do moins
de 8/10 do centime. Admettons encore que

chiflro, nous arrivons 4 une ddpense par
carcel d’environ un centime et demi ii deux
centimes.

II est clair qu'en vendant 4 Paris la lu'.
midre d’un bee trois centimes par car¬
cel, on ferait encore de beaux bdndfices
et le prix pour lo consommateur serait, 4
peu prds, d’un tiers moins cherque celui
du gaz. Nos chiflres so rapproohent beau-
coup do coux qu’annonce M. Edison. Lof
physioien amdricain prdtend, en eflet L-
quo sa lumidre rdalisera prdcisdment uno
dconomie d’environ un tiers sur la gaz
Nous rdpdtons, pour qu’il n’y ait.pas de
malentendu, que ces dvaluations Sont
approximatives; toute estimation prdciso
est pdeessairement lido aux conditions
particnUdres de la oanalisation et de I’ox-
ploitation. II va de soi que, a’il fallait
prolonger de plnsieurs kilomdtres la ca-
nalisalion pour desservir quelques dou-
zames de lampes, les prix gdndraux do-
vraient monter en consdquence. Quoi
qua en soit, mflme 4 prix dgal, le
nouvel dclairage prdsenle tant d’avanta-
ges sur le systdme actuel, qu’il n’est pas
doutesx que son emploi ne se gdndralisd
4 bref ddlai dans les grandos villes et
dans les maisons.

Nous avons beaueoup insistd sur Id
By8tdne Edison parce qu’il nous parait di'
nature 4 amener 4 bref ddlai une verita¬
ble rdrolulion dans nos proeddds d’dclai-
rage. 1 _

Le:az a did expdrimentd 4 Paris pour ”
la prmidre fois ep 1818 au passage dei
Panoimas sous l’administration de M. dd
Chabil. L’introduolion en France de l’di
clairae par incandescence datera de li
premre Exposition inlernationale d'd-i
lootritd.

, IIenbi be Parville.

renfcrmo los nppnrcils dils faclcurs ilectri-
qttes, pormoltaiil A lout locnlairo d'un im-
nioulilo d'Atro nverli, immAdintomenl nprAs
<l u »«« H AtA disposAu dims In hollo dosliiiAoA
col usngo, do I’nrriVAo do so correspondence.
Us trots nntrcs cntAgorics compronnonl los
sppnreds dlls i/mclich tie stl retd, nynnl pour
otijol In protection do 1 'nnpnrlorncnl mfinio
coulro les incursions mnl intontionnAes; In
Wirro do sArolA, ot cnfln los annnerics ot
monio lo canona'alarmc, 8 iiivnnt<|im rimin'-
tnlion csl siluAo dnns un qunrljer lYAquflnlA.
on ii lino dislnnco npprAcinhlo As liiiliiiiiiiiins
yoismoi. Los nppiiriiils nvoWissours at nro-
locleurs do M. Monlclnr nous out somblA
roinplircoinplAloineiit/o Inn indiquA, ot o’csl
A co thro ipio nous lo> dAorivons uu dAtiiil.

. \.'■•'OTIUIK ItuxTitimiK-II CR1 Mrosnuo

inutile ilu signaler los immbroux rot'nV
•oiivonl trAs prAjuilicmlilos mu nlTairos sii ’
Inns'll!Jf C0,,r l ril ; rs ro ." ,iN I'dr los fnct’ours

) Ipix sn porta closo, posor so burro i 133. iHj
W.IIIKit canon ii’alaiimb — Deux e "«ffr,

s n .„r; r n 'oalaumb — ueux
ens soul A prflvlir.on cnsdosocours, suivnnt
nuo n innison HprAsorvorostsitiiAodnnsuno
tocnlita habit£o[ ou dans un ondroit isolA
Duns lo p renter ens, M. Monlclnr Atablit
uniis les logis In ou plusioitrs boutons Aloc-
I rallies comminiqunnt A nutnnt dosonnorios
<1 nlnrino dispisAcs die/, los concierges ot
duns los np|»rtsinontB voisins.

■ Dnns la oisd'uno linliitntion AloignAe, M.
.Monlclnr jiislnllo un petit canon d'nlnrme
iivoriissour, ilont In dAlonntion osl com-
iimndAu pnr lo jou d'nn bouton corrcsponilnnt
n un itlliimoir Alectriquo placA nil-dossils du
ennon. Pour indirjitor dnns (|iiollo dirociion
lo canon convorlissour n AtA tirA, il s'llfll do
ponssor un nutro boiitun pour nllmnor, si
0 cst In nun, uu fiiiml on vorro instnllo sur
lo 1011 on dovnnl los fonAlros do In urnison,
ot sur los qimlro oitAs diii|Uol ost Acrit on

Cliemins de fer ot Tramways.

distancec consid6rabios.

Hydraulique

is. With. Disposilir* 1
appllqucr °ux soups,
pour rndlitor lour neliot

Instrument do PrAcision.

'o dis,"vr r'°'" u 'omntivo do
, S f r ° r " ,u 1,1 • fuclour
• um l u ?‘ pom (itro joint un aver-
i| 0 conci° ^ ac ^°* t * an8 l' 1 logo, ct

oinjiltto. Nous no snurions
lunr ulugo qti'en ro prod 11 Until
listoro dot* Posies ot 1616 -
: u M. Monlclnryu'iV opplau -

I d'oiler visitor rintullution mill
elvctrtrjttc, (los michetn ot barr

«u movon do In 11 . n tal,, enu <|tti 9

privieiit a tout inoj Se,,C i° * cs l° UrefJ H ou S,
suite les visiton™ l » 1 , co »ciorgo ot par
K ou absent S di *,!!! 1 0ca,lliro 081 Peseta
Kttctour avert ?, hon a Ppartemo»t.
assurent dom» 'f scnrot tableau do pr 6 «onco
r 'SBi,luritA dos C o ;"fc ,0 ;' , . 0t ^. romQnt . •*

S* Guic.ikts ni sun, ,' 03 V,s ", es ' .

diets (111 surol 6 n Loa .««■-

ayec les person, 7 : nt ! 10 commuimjuep
ait b lour ouvri • !° S 6tra %; 6rcs sans qiVon
done uno oxenllonii* 0 ^ 0 / Ut?s . “Pparoils sont
Visiles do jour ou do nmt°n U,IOII i c0lll ‘' 0 lo «
com posies do nbisini, n U ! ‘ Dn " 8 03 '"“'sons
clur plnco ses^guichom 'sTn? M °"'-

<lo cheque logoinon • Hnn i de . 8 I ,0rlcs
enmpngno, sur ,n ^ JZJouT2 ft

d 4 ^Ppow.Xmon^ <Ie

mAtnl dit j'ua'as 1 B 0 sA h ? t |. <1 ’ Ob80Pvolion on
dnns lo pannoau siipAriour 1 di OU | 1 ’ <1 ’ llon,mo .

£■

cartes ot papiqpg: - ocov ou los lottros,

(nKfens lo pnnuonu
los paquots on obiots a„ni ttnl< ^° rocovoir

i poui umuquor d otro mlo|»t 6 par tons coi

brevets'

I jinny. L'orrectionmjir

15 "IIS. POUIINKIIRAU,
nouvonu coiiiposA dit : Ucriin

Arquobueorio

Arquonueono ,

55.870 15 aus. SoiilAtu induslrldll

REVulWRcFrMMLuRGIQ

Ln situation dos mnroliAs sidAniroint
ost sntisfnisunto ot pnrtout les nrix “esu
formes.

! REVUE DU MARCHE CHARBONNIEF

.. A .. •.iviotlffios ftyftflW6uvff.Ia r -inbrF6’u'.' , ro(:uq

OtV'ioA'ji des blossuros dan's lbs.explosions, les|
T-TR O ATTOTTTT incondios,. les asphyxies>qu’il a d<5lbr- .

UXinuiNiyUJi mindos; quo sorait-co oncoro s’ilnous;

—— > elftit pormis d’oxaminor.plus profondd- - .

• imont les consdqiionces do soncmploi,

I La LUIIIICID ClCdrillliC Cl la LllllllCi'C (III da! ;dans nos ntoliors; non pas com: nouvol-:

ilomont conslrulls on .raso c»mpagno,'j
. V 1 1 Ja . i ! i i l ; om ' , ,W 01, ( I 110 1 ospo- aveo do larges fentires et imo hauteur
' ? ,i ^ ootrlcild ■ mellnil on dvidonco In do plarond convonablo. ranis dans coux
'SS? 8 * i » P|', ocll , a * no l *° la Uimiuro'do l'intdriour do Pans, oft lo lorrnin,
’n!2Si!i2 u « A uo 0 gaz> Jusrifi’ft 1'ox- cofttant choicest disputd piod ft plod; oft
I’no mln'V, on < P p llv /} d “Mcovoir dps dou- los maohincs, lcs outils sont onlassds
nn S J *Vnn a ii 8 11 d !l! le P!"' clllc SU P- *os uns sur los nutros ; oft los plafonds
m°A • , • 6l ' c dleotnqne no so sont lias; oft lo jour est si rare qu'oii cat

Paoesfo^U^ppfiqu'u^dims SS,‘S Susotr? 0 t0 " r ‘° 6 “ allum ' 5 <fu maliu

g o niI °® 11 5’,’« li ilos niilliors d’ouvrlorsct
dafonUi’eau^nun^in , ' |10 '' fec,10 l n ? ,}' 0 "- d ouvrlftros qui s’dtiolont ft rospiror un
es cliSS Wsitan-air Yield par los dominations earboni-

3?r matfftro ( l llos du saz ‘ , N , on seulcn 'enl Pair y cst

io n d'ftiro d t im mn nIf ni 1 , olm 11,ai '0' fonoonlrd, dans un dlatpormn-
Wbs mieux er’rcct onn& \, «i ‘‘IT 8 " ont lle moilei,r - mais lo G«z y brftlo
djjtnnirmn,i.!^ »?»:;prcscpi0 conslammont, achovnnt docon-’

Mhu’ii nas lirs h nil i 10 l P n ‘« l »«i-fl Bumor lo minimum d’oxvgftno qui s’y
Mdlolgnd™ < iiolqids gioliosfaisnionMV 8 i 1 ' 011 ' 0 pol,r alin , lcnt01 ' la respiration
flkemont Jl’ino Oo d’hoto j’mi ,nf d -f, p01 ' 3011n °s<1«‘ X trava Wont. Et l’on
Viovard nouvolloincnt c -od ’d'i n m „ s , <5lonno t 0 ,') voyant sortlr «Jhilc|uo solr
W |ul)liqiio; mais co n’dtaTl l^iuft usaLo d v ces . atell0rs «no armdo d’onvriors ct
■ lassagor, qu’on s’olTrnit column' . *1 ouvrrferos, quo beaucoup ont los pau-
f 6a liunidro dloclriquo pas nouM ,ir ^ la figure maigro ct pale,

F f 10 d’organos la rondanl vdrifablomoni LtR 0 ! , 1 '-^ 011 |! el ?° «ovejonpdc, lcs mom-
aipdriouro, tantsous lo rannort do 1Y™ Bjclos. Il non pout fttro aulromont
r&mio quo do la commoditd ft lous iM' Ceponda ”^ avco los conditions hygidni-
aftres syslftmos-d-dclalrago’ a ques 1cm- K ont imposdes, otquol'u-

E( 0 no pouvait prdtondro'encoi'fl ft r,. n a «° , du S a? ' acliftvo do porvortir quand
substituorcomplftfcment ft oux^quel- l; ? lld p ^2, to V t h • lnit mol 'tolles. \

ques ateliers do grande industr 0 nour- i,ra S , ul “ l1 P°. ss| blo do suivro los progrfts
vus d’uneforco molricosffi cet ompoisonnoracnt lent dans los •

(aliaiont quolques foyers ft arc volla?. S rou P M purnors, quo do viclimcs 11’y
que, los industries oft lo travail os ,1. c prapterait-on pas, quaral i’ftgo arrive i
vise, ou 1 organisation dos ateliers des £ m?- uo 1 08 a r l£,l ' os ot t° s voinds n’ont ft
cbantiors, nocossito lo raorcellomont do V0 ] llcu i 01 ' I 11 l >n sang bruld ottappauvri!

1 usine, rostnient dclairds ft laTmiftrn' Lo . gn ? ontl ' e pour uno large part dans ,
Aplus forlp raison ia lmni6ro S? r ? su serontbion vUomodi- :
^ctnque no pourait-oilopOndtror dnnv“ 8 ^ lumi6ro Olcctriquo ]ni ■

Iftraw’RmnnTf nl8,0ft noi,s Elionsvouds 3“™4 ld 8U , 1bs t ltai! P- Cos inconvdnicnts
p -• ulaonsos ! ‘ t’builo, au pd- „ s< ? nt Sl , dvidonts quo. dans los :
ni? e ’, a 1 essence, otr ft nos h a ',Mi~ P „ , ale,10I 's du conlre do Paris on dos jour-

ij^MceSCcImS^Sco'ft'Jiw iI™niium™lli“fijn?l‘ ■

ques ateliers do d
vus d’une force ]
taUaient quolque;
que, les Industrie
vis<5, ou ror^anisi

fiMHBiMHK

spnt cSbdamnds ft reapirerftdbsqSitiahii-j .
tlons carboniques au moins trois ou
quatro houros par jour. , ' |

. Lalumidro dloctriqub,' dont.los dtl-
couvertos do M. Edison ont rendu 1’ap-
plication possible, va done. anidlioror
profonddmenl l'liygiuno de cosmilioux,;
en mOmo tomps.qu’ollo facilitora lo trad
val dos ouyriors, puisqu’ollo no raodine
nullement los couleurs.. ., .{!

I Oft elle sera nccuoillio aussi aveo'onK
pressemont, c'osttdans les .dtabilssot
ments publics : thdfttres, oafds, corclos,'
Restaurants, partout oil lo gas, outre ses
mconvdnionts hygidniques, cst un did- 1 '
mont permanent do destruction. On salt
aveo quol luxo toutes: los salios publi-i
ques sont ddcordos. Elios luttont do ri-;
oliesso, d ! dldganoo, potirrondro lour sd-
jour plus agrdablo. Nos artistes poin-
tros, sculpteurs ot. ornemanistes„met-
xont lour fmaglnaiJon ft rdeuvro pour re-
couvrir les pnnnemix, les frises,.los nIa-
fonds d’un mondo fantastique otgra*
cioux, y onlagant. dos chimdres, dos
foilillageo, dos alldgories,- y faisant riro
dos feramos dand deo-fordts d’acanUroaft
ou bondir dos chevaus nu miliuUidosi
nudos. Quand ils ontemportdlourdob'd]-;

)e, cello du poseur'd’apparoils ft gaz‘
prend la placoj- ot-blcntut les lustrosy
suspondent lours, .dldgnnlos. nerviirds
dans los scintillomonts des criBtauxdes,
suspensions,-'los. appliquos y ddrouiojit
lours courbosplos globes dupoUay prop-:
nent lour vaguo ressomblance'd’enor*;
mps perlos faussbs.- L'ooil est satis-
fait; ces apparoils coinplfttont l’liar-
momo du ddcor do la salle; ils la
moublpnt, ils la pouplont. La voila,
scion lo ens, d’uno riclieBso coquolto,
pnnpanlo ou sdvbro. Quelquo tomps
upres. quand los llummes du gaz ont ao-’
comnn lour couvro destructrlce, les pla-
fonua sont noircis; chaquo bee a marquii
sa place sur los dorures, los blancs sont
doyenus jaunos ; los poinlures' ft l'huilo
ont neu ft pou disparu, ct il arrive, coin- 1 .
mo ft lOpdra, quo des chofs-d’oouvre so
sont dvanouis en fumdo.’Dans co dernlor
cas, lo malhour osl irrdparable.Dansles
aulros .cas, e’est en ronouvolnnt souvent
los memos ddpenses dordparation qu’on
pout entretonir l’iinmouble on bon dtat.
Nous no voulons pas parlor ici- des- on'-;
nuls imposds aux personnosqul frdqubn-
lent les dtablissemonts publics dclairds
au gaz, pn pourrait nous accuser do ,s,y-
liaritisme; .Disons soulement quo; pen-'
dantl dtd. U los rend inabordablos,'lot
pendant l’liivor souvent.inhabitablos. ;

; Lotto sdne d mconvdnionts est encore
a Preldo ft disparnltro par l’application 1
gdndralo du systdino dVcIairage Edison.’
Lost aussLau savant Amdricain'>qud
nous dovron8 do voir los dangors 5 d’ox-
P osion.simprlmds.; S’ll so prodult. des
mi tes d’dleotrioitd, olios orit edei do bon
queues no ddgagont nuouno mauvaiso
' odour ot qu’on pent bn approohoruno
cnandello sans cralnto .do voir la. con- 1
cluito vous sauter au visago, ' . ‘

Quant a nos. appftrtemonts,,parlicu-l
liprs.- dans losqublsle gftz n’a pn.’phcbrb

i a Aivanco rdsolup. L’huilo, la soldinoj lo ;

• spptrolo. labougio, ottoutos los hullesot
Simi e8 , ossel M°,? :0at m tr °P souvent
'remiS 8 c ' Q mall!c iictlons pour quo nous
la POino d dnumdror fours in-

^toONIVERS fUUSTRE. .

’EXPOSITION

3’ELECTRICITE

NDUSTRIELLE, COMMERCIALS, FINANCIERS ET |rTISTIQUE

Journal bebdomadalro public par

L0fB.ce General de l!Industrie et du Commerce

Prix du NumAro : 35 centimes

dONITEUR OFFICIEL

RETOE HEBDOMADAIRE ILLUSTREE DES ARTS, DES SCIENCES ET DE LTNDUSTRIE

MONITEUR OFFIC1EL DE L’ELECTRICITfi

COCHERY

)ans un journal dcstind spdcialemcnt commc
lOtrc i vulgariscr les applications usucllcs dc
cclricitd, la place d’honncur rcvcnait dc droit
minislrc dc nos tdldgraphcs, au president du
igrcs international des dlcctricicns, au erda-
r dc ccttc Exposition qui, par scs splendours
ics bienfaits, laisscra dans lout’es les mdmoircs
souvenir impdrissablc. D’autres titres encore
ommandaient it nos premiers hontmages
imme Eminent dont nous allons rctracer la
orieuse ct si utile existence. Entiiircment
rouds aux intdrets populaires, nous no pou-
ms, en cITet, oubliar ni mdeonnaitre les services
idus par I'honorablc 11. Cochcryitlacausedc la
mocratic. Champions obscurs ntais sinceres du
ogres, nous avons su apprecicr la valour des
'ormes proposdes par l’ancien rapporteur gd-
ral du budget, ct I'importancc des ameliorations
discos par le ministre. llais des circonslances
prdvucs nous ont forces d’ajourner le tdmoi-
age de haute estime ct de profonde gratitude

e nous eommes heureux de donner ici
'un dcs plus fervents ct des plus dignesservi-
irs dc I’idec republicainc. Notre satisfaction a
us acquitlcr dc ce quo nous considerons
mmc unc dette dc conscience cst d'aulant plus
>'c, que 11. Cochcry appartient, lui aussi, a la
alangc dcs luttcurs dcq8—dedaignes pour la
apart ct commc proscrits dans ccttc rcpubliquc
I'ddification dc laqucllc ils ont fait taut dc sa-
iliccs: - arrive au pouvoir, il a lui, du mains.

quelle le ministre dcs postes cl Wlcgraphes
^severance apoursuivre dans ravcnTr’l'acc'lm

issement dcs innovations liberates dont ilapri

nitiativc. 1

II. Cochcry cst, sans contrcdil, le plus sym .
rtique ct le moins critique des membres d .
luvcrncmcnt. D’unc bicnvcillancc vraimentpa
rnclle envers les employds dc sa vastc adm'
“.ratio"! soucic ^ dcs iaterets publics, e'

ujours pret h accueillir avee bonne grdee i e ,

clamations legitimes; sans ccssc en qudt ede ;
odifications propres a facilitcr le service ct i
ocurcr au commerce de nouveaux avanlm-V
innaissanl a fond les questions deonomique- c i
es versd dans la pratique des affaires, fJL
ent abordable ct sans morgue aucune, ,\[ r'
lery ofTro le type, malhoureusement iron V™"

f *J 5 d pBou h r°

noire ministre ocs posies ct teicgraphcs. bn
quclqucs hcurcs, il rdussit it faire confcctionner
soixantc millc ratioss, dont la distribution, on sc
I'imaginc, ful accueillie avee dcs transports
d’enthousiasme.

Les journdcs de juin ayint provoqud dcs
changcmcnts dans le personnel gouvcrncmcntal,
Cochcry abandonna le ministere dc la justice ct
revint prendre sa place au barreau, ntalgrd les
olTrcs brillantcs qui liti dtaient faites ct les solli-
cilalions dc protcctcurs puissants pour le lancer
soit dans la ntagislraturc, soil dn»s l’adminis-
tration. Hits ce moment, le futur ministre com-
mcn ? a In lultc qu’il acontinude avee persdvdrance
ct un ddvoftment it toute dpreuve, sous la presi-
dence ct pendant la rlurdc de I'empire, pour le
triomphe dcs iddes dentocraliqucs. II s'adonna
spdcialemcnt aux proces politiques et ddfendit
avee aulant de talent que dc courage un grand
nombre dc journaux ct notamment la Vni.v du
pcujtlc cl la lUfonuc contrc Icsqucllcs raulorite
excrejait les plus violentcs persecutions.

A partir de 1856, Cochcry, qui comprenait
que, dans la situation presente, la plume scrait
plus cfhcace que la parole, sc voua presque
cxclusi'vcment au journalismc militant, ct lors-
que, en 1S08, u l'cssai loyal » dc I’empire cons-
titutionncl et liberal reldch. les liens clans
lesqucls la presse avail etc enserrde jusqtic lit, il
prohta dc l'occasion pour fonder I’lnih! head wee
de Monhrgis dont il cut fait bientOt un des
mcillcurs organcs dc imposition parmi le jour-
nahsme dc province. Son ardcur ct son habilcte

cl'imT^tioi d tn r o Cn ra" nC ,!ra " <IC populari,,i *

SCS genereux cITorts en I'cnvoyant a la Chambre

des SrT’ aU u clc , ctl0n! ' dc ma i 'S69, en depit
■ auaqucs acharnces dc I’administration impe-
trousscs deux candida-

ni.il’lc. 1 .

a .*.•‘ta'Chambre.le nouveau depute

P t unc P a , rl actlvc ow-’f discussions d'alTaircs,
et, bicn quappartenant aux rangs dc 1'opposi-

bujrr,* 1 fit T' 0 dC la commission du

budget, ou il donna dc nombrcuscs preuves de
ses remarquablcs aptitudes.

de L r o d , C 8 S 7 d °r 0l 's CUX ? inStruc,ifs ^^nemen.s
de 1870-1871, Cochcry fut envoye en quality dc

~ n rd dC , laddfCnSCna,i0nalc da " s «=dd-

partement du Loiret, ct l'invasion prussienne
layant contraint d’abandonner son postc il
Sr 8 ™'' ' , VcrSaill<!S Thiers dins
1 inutile voyage qu il entreprenait pour arriver it
dcs ndgociations pacifiqucs.

Aux dlcctions du 8 fdvricr, Cochcry arrival!'le'
avc ? soixantc mille voix sur
comma

pnrtemitnt’ rcs'td' fidile^sq^bpu d r s ond :dl! " ■

nLc.^U^^a 0 cetfd" 1 '" 1, A 1 ' Asse , mbld = -«“£

assidue des questions d’aSs. Membr'Tcojr
i 1 'll 1 dteTchoisi^ti ‘piusicu^s C< ronr!

impdts, la Chantre rdduisaitdc 7 millions pour
I’anniic 1877 It taxc du scl qu'il appclait « un
imp6t traditiomeilcment impopulairc ». || C s-
quissait en mdne temps les grands trails d’une
situation ou d’ltie politique qui allait pcrmctlrc
dc larges ddg.nvemcnts. Les incrtidulcs d’alors
doivent s’inclircr aujourd’hui en presence des
ddgriivcments cuj ont did rdalisds ct que, dans
sa sagacitd ct sijprdvoyancc, Cochcry annomjnit
depuis plus dc ill ans. La commission du bud¬
get dc’ 1878 le ihoisit encore comme rapporteur
gdndral, ct c'cibcn cettc qualile qu'il refuse le
vote du budget,au nom de la commission, aux
applnudisscmcns de la Chambre ct du pays.

Rapporteur gindral dcs budgets de 1877 et dc
1878, president <c deux grandcs commissions dc
chemins cl dc It {commission parlcmenlaire qui
s'est occtipec di I'Exposition univcrscllc, mem-
bre din par la (hambre du conscil dc surveil¬
lance de la Caine dcs depots ct consignations,
II. Cochcry s'dtn't placd rtu premier rang des Ira-

Nous nc poirons ici dnumdrer tous ses rap¬
ports. II est totitifois intdressant de rappelerque,
deslc 1" trimestre de 187b, s'expliqunnt dans un
rapport sur le ppjet du gouvcrncnient de revenir
aux anciennes lares poslales de vingt centimes,
il proposait a In Chambre de frapper de plus
grands coups cl d'adoptcr la luxe uniforme dc
<iuinxe centimes. Kn mime temps, il reelamait
au sein de la commission du budget la reduction

trcf.iilcs qii’arr-ivirenl'le Jo Mai el ia !li<solulion
<le r.Assemblee. I'.ien entemI11. il -ign.i le m.uii-

p.tr les bureaux des groupcs republieaiiis.

I'endant la pdriode dlector.ile, Al. Cochcry,
reprdsentant dc rarrondissement habile par le
marechal dc Mac-Mahon, so iroava en butte aux
indmes proeddds qui avaient etc employes contrc
lui en 1869. Mnis toutes les menaces tie I'Admi-
nistralion no purcnl intimidcr ni tromper scs
conciloycns. Son concurrent dehoua piteusement.

Nous Icrmincrons dans noire procliain numero
ccttc elude dc la vie parlcmenlaire si bicn occu-
pdc, commc on en pent jugcr, dc I’honorablc
ministre dcs postes el tdldgraphcs.

THOMAS-ALVA EDISON

us u v n n
11

>

Dans le numdro precedent, nous avons racontd
ia vie d'Edison. Pcul-etrc aura-t-on trouvd que
nous nous altardions avee un peu trop dc com¬
plaisance dans ce rdcit dcs faits mdmorablcs i
divers titres qui jalonncnt la carriere du jcuiic
inventcur? Que dc ddnik diirnes d'intdrdl. nour-

aux minces incidents d’uno ciisjcnce aussi lar-
gement rcmplic, ct qu’il aimernit 4 envisager
sous toutes ses faces ce frolilairc, non parvenu
encore 4 la maturitd de rage, quia ddj4 accompli

c gigantesque
pdlir bientflt les rcnommccs les pj
Et puis,on lccomprcndra,nous
plus de peine 4 nous sdparcr de
que la sympathie pour I’hommcj
mdme temps que l'admirationj
4 chaquc pas dans ccttc double i
individualitds les plus origin;

la gloirc fera
lusdtincelantcs.
|avions d’autant

'accroissait cn
jpour le savant

Stude d’

t les plus

puissantes des temps modcrncs.Rarcmcnt “ l’ac-
cord d’un beau talent et d’un I cau caracttre ’’
s’est rencontre aussi parfait; et, aprds avoir vu
Edison tel qu'il cst rdcllcmcnt, aimabic, bicn-
veillant, toujours accessible 4 taus, gdndrcux et
ddvoud 4 l’cxcds, brave jusqu'itla folic, insou¬
ciant de la riehesse ct de la gloitje, sans la plus
ldgirc dose de vanitd ou de jalousie, cn un mot,
si simple 4 la fois ct si grand! il nous a d 16
difficile, nous l'avouons, de coiitcnir l’dmotion
dont notre cceur dtait rempli ct que nous scrions
heureux de communiqucr 4 tors ccux qui nc
connaissent encore que l'invci cur de gdnic.
Mais il cst temps d’examincr on oeuvre, au
frontispicc duquel on pourrait gi iver : * Le vrai

PEUT QUELQUEI’OIS D'ETRE PAS V AISEMBLABLE. »

Jamais le vers de Boilcau n’: urait 616 mieux
cn situation.

Par unc coincidence asscz bizarre, Edison, cc
missionnairc du progres, desti 6 4 provoquer
d’abord tant de protestations c de ddfianccs,
a etc placd 4 sa naissance sons le patronage
du saint ap 6 trc de I’incrcdulitd: Vide Thomas,
vide talus, etc. A la nouvcllc de chacunc de ses
ddeouvertes, il semblc, cn cITct, que Ton 6 coutc
un contc imagind pour dmcrvcillcr des enfants.

En pouvait-il ctre autrement, ct notre cx-
Irain-boy cspcrait-il dchapper 4 la loi com¬
mune) Le bond immense que l’apparition du
phonographe faisait faire a la science, sans
avertissement, 4 l’improvislc, nc dcvait-il pas
frapper de surprise et ddsarqonncr, pour ainsi
dire, jusqu'4 ses adeptes le mieux prepares)
Aujourd’hui memo qu’il cst loisible au premier
venu de “ meltre le doigt dans la plaic" et de
mesurer avee une certitude mathdmatique l'ctcn-
due des rdsullats acquis, nombre de gens sus-
pcctcnt encore le tdmoignage de Icurs sens ct
s’insurgent d’avance contrc la r 6 alit 6 d’inventions
annoncdcs ct dont l’application tombera domain
dans le domaine public.

Qu'on ne sc h4tc pas de nous accuser d’ex-
clusivisme ct de parti-pris. Si nous cxaltons
Edison ct si nous le plaqons 4 la t 6 te des physi-
ciens de l'dpoquc, nous ne mdconnaissons pas
pour cola l'importance des travaux de ses con¬
currents, et la suite de ’ccttc publication prou-
vera 4 l’dvidcncc quo nous n'h 6 sitons pas- 4
signaler les services rendus ct 4 d 6 cerner au
mdritc, partout 06 il se trouve, le Idgitimc hom-
mage qui lui cst do. Cortes, les inventions
grandiose ou ingdnieuses abondent 4 PExposi-
tion des Champs-Iilysdcs, ct l’on y rencontre
unc foule d'objets d’unc utilitd pratique incon¬
testable. Les adaptations de l' 6 lcctricit 6 comme
agent de force et de lumicre, les nombreux sys-
tfcmes de t 6 l 6 graphic, notamment, vaudront 4
Icurs auteurs de chaleurcux 61ogcs et de 16gitimcs
rdcompcnses.

Sur cc terrain, Edison a des rivaux dignes de
la plus grande considdration; mais ce qui le dis¬
tingue ctlc dasse hors de pair, c’cstlct616phone,
l’61ectro-motographc ct par dcssus tout, le
phonographe. L4, il cst original, incomparable,
unique. Dans cette voic, il n’a ni prd-
curseurs, ni imitatcurs, ni ptosdlylcs. C’cst une

vdritablc r6v61ation. Devant les prodiges de cet I
instrument fantastique, auprds desquels tous les
miracles des thaumaturges ne sont que niaisc-
rics et jeux d'dcolicr, l'csprit reste comme dpou-
vantd. On en arrive presque 4 croire aux 11 pa¬
roles gcldcs en Pair” de Rabelais ct 4 la rdali-
salion de l'hypothisc physiologique de Balzac
considdrant la pensde comme un fluidc qui sc
projetait au dehors ct que l'on pourrait saisir
sur la physionomic comme le daguerrdotype
saisit dans l'cspace le spectre Iumineux des
corps. Avee unc organisation aussi extraordi¬
naire que ccllc d’Edison, ricn ne semble plus im¬
possible.

II faudrait un gros volume pour contenir l’d-
numdration do toutes. les inventions dont nous
cssayons de racontcr l'histoirc. La sculc liste dcs
brevets qu'il a pris, ct il cn prend chaquc jour
de nouveaux, occupcrait plusicurs eolonnes de
cc journal. On a vu, dans notre premier article,
qu'il cn comptait-trcntc huit pour les pcrfcction-
ncments npportds par lui au systdme Morse
sculcmcnt. Ses brevets rclatifs aux tcldgraphcs
automatiques ct chimiques sont maintenant au
nombre de trentc-cinq, ct il cn a huit pour ses
systdmes duplex, quadruplex ct multiplex dont
nous avons ddj4 dit quelqucs mots ct qui fonc-
tionnent au Palais de l’lndustrie ou ils partagent
[’admiration gdndralc avee le tdlcphonc, le pho¬
nographe, l’dlcctro-motographe ct la plume
dlcctriquc dont l’usagc s’est generahsd dcpuis
PExposition Univcrscllc do 1878 .

Nous nc nous arrdterons pas au tdldphonc,
rdpandu partout cn Amdrique ainsi que l'dlcctro-
motographe, et qui va rcccvoir prochaincmcnt
cn France la plus large application, ct nous
allons indiquer cn quoi consistc ce mcrvcillcux
phonographe, qui, unc fois pcrfcctionnd, cst
appcld a joucr un rdlc considerable. C’cst un
simple disque vibrant, muni d’unc pointc
mdlallique qui trace sur unc fcuille d’i
adaptdc 4 un rouleau qu’on fait tourncr soit
la main, soit par un mouvement d’horlogcric,
unc sdrie de points reprdsentant cxactcmcnt les
vibrations du disque, sous l’imprcssion de le
parole humainc. Lorsqu’on a ccssd de parlor, on
replace le rouleau 4 son point de ddpart, ct on
le fait tourncr de nouveau. La pointe mdtalliquc
repasse par la sdrie des points qu’cllc a crcusds
dans la fcuille d'dtain, le disque subit des vibi
tions identiques aux premieres ct reproduit m
unc exactitude mathdmatique les sons qu’i
enregistrds. L’elfet de la premitre experience 4
Inquclle on assiste cst vraiment indcscriptible,
et c’cst 4 faire doutcr si l’on n’est pas dupe de
quclquc cnchantcmcnt. Devine-t-on les conse¬
quences de cette mcrvcilleusc invention, alors
qu’il sera permis d’expddier 4 des milliers de
licues, non plus unc lettre ordinaire, mais une
fcuille d’dtain portant 4 l’abscnt la parole vivante

des dtres qui lui sont chers)

Avee la plume dlcctriquc, employde dcpuis
quclquc temps ddj4 dans plusicurs grandcs ad¬
ministrations de Paris pour les circulaircs, un
dcssin, une page de musique, unc lettre dcritc
sur du papier blanc peuvent dtre reportds si
une pierre lithographique et tirds 4 un nombre ii
fini d’excmplaires.

Quant au tdldphonc ct 4 l'dlcctro-motographc,
leur succts pratique cst assurd ddsormais. Les
cxpdricnccs faites rdeemment par la Socidtd des
tdldpboncs-Edison, de 1’Avenue de l’Opdra, dans
les bureaux du ministtre dcs postcs.ct tdldgra-
phc= ct dans plusicurs gares de chemins de for
ontdtd ddcisives. On a correspondu de Paris 4
Rouen, c'cst-4-dire 4 unc distance de cent
quarantc kilomttres, ct bicn qu’4 cette distance

„ 1 Pf“ c°nfus, la conversation

dtait possible Jusqu 4 quatre-vingt kilometres
les communications sont parfaitement net es'
resultat que l’on n’obticnt me \ ' ’ ’

lcs “Wpliones magndto-dlcctriqucs. U litd-
ld ph °nc d Edison qui n’cxigc que l’cmploi de
deux didments Fuller a donnd dcs rdsultats bicn
supdneurs, quoique l’essai ait did fait dans des
cond.Uons ddfavorablcs. N’est-ce pas incroyable
qu avee un disque 4 pouvoir enfermer dans la •
main et placd 4 son Oreille, on puisse entendre
a voix d une personne dloigndc de plus de vingt
licues, comme si l’on so trouvait cn sa prdsenec.

Qa n est pas tout, ccpendant. Grice 4 l’dlcctro-
motographc, le correspondant vous rdpond 4
haute et intelligible voix dans le lieu mdme d’o4
vous l'interrogez.

Le petit appareil qui restitue aux vibrations
transmises par l'clcctricitd l’amplitudo- qu’cllcs
avaient au ddpart, est basd sur une ddcouverte
qui recevra des applications varides dans l’in- ’
dustrie. Le premier, Edison a constatd que lors¬
qu’on fait passer uncourant dlcctriquc dans deux
corps qui frottent l’un sur i’autrc, ce courant
agit 4 la fai;on d’un corps gras et annulc presque
le frottement. Ainsi, cn remplai;ant les huiles de
graissage par dcs cou rants dlcctriqucs dans les
machines lourdes ou a mouvement rapide, on
dviterait unc notable ddperdilion de force, moins
d'usurc ct un travail plus rdgulicr.

N'oublions pas de faire remarquer qu’avcc le
tdldphonc les communications sont bien plus
rapidcs et compldtes qu’avcc le tdldgraphc.

Edison a commencd il y a ddj4 longtcmps, ct il
poursuit avee son opinidtretd indbranlablc, unc
sdrie d’cxpdricnccs du plus haut intdrdt sur le
son. 11 prdtend le ddeomposer comme on a dd-
composd la lumiirc et ddcouvrir ses bases
constitutivcs. C’cst ainsi qu'il a construit l’adro-
phone qui grossit deux cent cinquantc fois la
x humainc. L’instrument consistc cn unc em¬
bouchure scmblablc a cello du telephone ou du
phonographe, ct le disque vibrant fait joucr la
: d’unc trompette qui reproduit cn l’ampli-
le son de la voix. 11 a trouvd dgalcment le
mdgaphone, formd d'un porlc-voix ct de deux
cornets acoustiqucs, au moycn duquel on cor¬
respond en parlant 4 voix basse 4 plusicurs kilo-
:s de distance. Il sc propose d’associer le
tdldphonc qui transmettra la parole, le phono¬
graphe qui l’cnregistrera et l’acrophone qui la
fera entendre au public.

lous restc,4 parlor, pour nous cn tenir aux
inventions principales d'Edison, du progres im¬
mense qu'il a fait faire 4 l’dlcctricitd, au point de
vuc si important de l’ddairagc. Il a rdussi d'a-
bord 4 distribuer un courant dlcctriquc comme
ccla a lieu pour unc colonne de gaz. Jusque-
14, Ja xtdperdition dtait telle que cc qui rcs-
tajjjUc valait pas la peine d’etre utilisd. Cette
ddCou-rirtc tend 4 appliqucrla lumidro dlcctriquc
aux usages dumestiques. Le plan de la nouvcllc
lampc imaginde par Edison est d’une extrdme
simplicitd. Un petit globe do verre dans lcqucl
le vide cst opdrd, deux filsdc piatino ct une tige
de charbon deTamboo recourbde cn forme de fer
4 cheval, voitd tout. Le gdndrateur de 1'dlectri-
citd est aussi simple que celui du gaz, les fils de
distribution plus maniables que les conduitcs du
gazet d'uneinstallation moins incommode.La lu-
mitre produite cst aussi blanche et brillantc que
ccllc du meillcur gaz. EIlc cst cnfcrmdc, et fixe,

. par consdqucnt, ne donne pas de chaleur, nc
ddveloppc aucun gaz nuisiblc et coOtc moins chcr
que le gaz d’dclairagc. Par lamcthode d’Edison,
plusicurs foyers de lumicre peuvent dtre alimentds
par le mdme fill. Chacun d’eux cst inddpendant ct

i 6 ou (Stcint sans influence sur
VoilA bien des nvantages, ct
que nos administrntcurs, s'ils
ouci du bien-Stre ct des intdrets
ardcront pas A cn nous fairc pro-
!s reclamations dcs cxploitcurs
monopole.

:sscr un inventaire complct dcs
utc sortc, plus ingdnicuscs I’unc
qui sont rangdes dans son ma-
toire dc Mcnlo-Park, qu'Edison
ume, nous Ic rdpdtons, ne suffi-
ons, pour finir, un engin harmo-
nte centimAtrcs environ dc lon-
en duquel on peut pomper sans
ou trois bariis d'eau dans unc
machine A graver ct taillcr les
me machine dlectriquc A brodcr,
ictriqucs coupant les matures les
e boitc parlnntCfUn oiscau qui
A plus dc trois cents metres, un
dont la roue, d’unc resistance
to par le son de la voix, le tasi-
sgistro un vingt-cinquitnc de
grd thermomdtrique Fahrenheit,
le pauvre petit train-boy a perdu
is le jour oA la miserc Ic chas-

ct flevoue commc le Promdthiie
" b , icnfailcur dc I’humanitc
a late solennellcmcnt dansle ca-
s pcuples aflranchis et rdconcilics

supposer quo nos ieelours ac-

it I’iliustro invenleur o
r ” connnltro ot annro-

K"ti 6 S 8d ’ U "^ 0

ages BUivantg' m , P1 “' M - P -
nalaou ? n ., nan t uno

S? n55ur

> inAlcai “ons^J,®““ £ ““nlo-Park
bavail/er; 8es ““^os et

'fo°Si n 081

Eofson y "foil ‘ ran quill 0 . Cost

''■Worts, il choisit,

los <16L.0ul.tiH A l'nlriviLo, su,. 0
m 80,60 06 los caracldres s’in

Los applications pratiques do 1'AlectricitA
qui sont dcstin esA rendro A tous — riches
ou pauvros — dos services journaliors ct
peu codtoux so it oolles surtout sur lesquel-
les ia presso dj.it appclcr I’attention. A co
titro, nous ctiyotis tlovoir recommandor
d’uno facon toito particuliAro ia lampo Alec-
triquo d'Edisoj dont lo succAs et 1'utilitA no
sauraiont plus jtro mis on doute. Dans l’ar-
ticlo biographiiuo consum'd tiujourd’lnti A
I’illustro iuveiiS'ur amdricaiu, nousdomtons
uno doscriptici do cotto lampo, quo Ton
pourrnit nppoler dgalitaire, car die permet-
tra mix plus It. mbles prolAtaires du se pro¬
curer it tris lis prix la mflmo lumiAre qui
dolnirera los sa oils dorfis dos milliotmairos ot
dos princes, hSsultat qne lo gaz n’aurait
jamais pu oblinir. Afin d'ddilier complAlo.
meat lo Iceledr, nous reproduisons Parti¬
cle quo lo minutoro des posies et tclegraphcs
a insdrd dautj son catalogue ofllciel do
Imposition rilativomout A cette partio im-
portauto des dlcouvet tes d'Edison:

^exposition cu syslaine d'uclair.igo tilcclriquo
do SI. Edison at Palais do l'lndustrie doit elro
onvisaguu A un point dc vuo tout particuliorqiii
ucliappuro A ceux qui visitcront lo Palais par
| occasion, oil patsant, pour aiusi dire.

Uioa quo lo systbino soil prasentd pour la pro-
m.Aru tots, il no faut pas otlblior qu'il n’est ni
11,10 experience, ni un spectacle, mais un fait ac-

I-o succos du systAmo d'cclairaga ulectriquo
iPEdisoii, otabli A Mcnlo-Park par I'ujiairago
d uu aspacu do un millu oarra, ti eta suivi par
son iutroiliiclioii dans lacapilalo dcs Etats-Unis,

\ork ous las Iravaux d'inslallaiion pour quin;
inillu l.'iinpas, et lorsquo cello iiistallaliou set
ontiAroinant lanniiiao, il y aura oncora a fail
plus do (loux milla applications nux Elals-Uni
at au Canada, carl tout lu inondo vout cello lu
micro inagnillquo, acono.niquoot prntiquo.

Unsont hian qu'un paruit rAsullut n’a pu air
• l uno 6 U ’ aU Pf '* ll °. enmd3 i saor ‘h ces d'urgon
On pout voir dm!rio U sulonduM. Edison, dan
00 > • ll °" du I'lmlugrnpliios, quolqiius-uno
ms mbriqiiga qui coiislriiisout l’dnomio inalorio
qu Bx.gont tuulas cos installations.

PW oxompla, la promioro fabriquo d<
p 8 '■ ' l,,l0 < 1 Mcnlo-Park: alio occupo lot
On l ' ne , 3 <,ui tol»rl.|Uont 2,000 lanipcs par jour
... . succe S3ivoiiiaiit lo soulllago du vorro,

a' . “omsation, les pompos A vide, lo montage
r„ "P 08 01 lour umballago.

Pni„i!„ , ° ,a plus inldressanlo'cat co'rlainoinon
lamn» p |10 n ‘P° 3 °A t on fail lo vido dans ioi
coins ci.uini l ' a . Vnil s ’ !lccom P lil I'" r P lus du oinii
, or uro p ir trav limit pat

dos Von. 0 " - C ? moi ' <:uro osl onsuito repris pai
do nouvni, 8 ’? ni ' “ 8 *1 *- ou ul 1

p„, ,. u 01 “tasi do suite.

Monlo-Pm‘k r „° Sl 80 P ai<i du resl ° do 1,usilI ° do
mAlrc r „ par uno disUlucu do plus d’un kilo-
mouvemontnn 0 " 1 ! 168 *' 1 lnorcuro 60nt " ,isos 00
imna * >nr ‘los machines (Ivnamo-olcclri-

Royal Socioty, do LondroB, bimman s jounuu,

II Nuovo Cimonlo, otc.

Lcs aloliers d’Edison dtablisi Now-York,
Goorck-Slroot, occupont trois centsouvriors mu¬
nis dns outilsotdes mnchinos las plus poiToc-
lionuuc o'ost lo contra d'actian actucl. Cost In
quo sont russcmblds lous los mol.curs a vapour,
cliauditires, machinos dynomo-floolriques, otc.,
omployds dans lo systdmo Edison; cos apparoils
sont fiibriquos par des usinos ot to compagmes
lidos par content. Cost Ifi oil so font los dtudos
d'installations iiour l'Anglotern: ot l'Amdnquo
du Sud. ' , . .

On y ossayo, lorsqu’olles nrriTont, los machi¬
nes do 125 cliovaux do la corapagnio Portor-
Allon, avoc losquollcs VEdison Illuminating V
doit dclairer New-York. ,

L'Edison Tube Company do Now-York fabri-
< 3,10 actucllemont, ii raison doplusiours kilomo-
tres par jour, los conductours et los tubos qui
doivont ulro placds dans los rues pour forinor los
conduclours principaux. 1

L’o iposition d’Edison au Palms do 1 Industiu
ronfermo dos spdeimons do toules lcs mat.drei
ot los machinos fnbriquoes pur tous los atoliori
qiii Iravaillont pour los compagmes qui oxploi
tent lo sy&tomo Edison.

Un do scs roproscnlanls monlro lo system*
complol on fonction. Co sysldmo comproiid un
.■lp.iididro do 150 cliovaux, systdmo Uahcock o
Wilcox, un inotourilo 125 cliovaux ii griuido vi
lesso, systdmo Ariniugton ot Sims relid ii un
ninchino dynnmo-dloctriquo do 120 cliovaux, do
eonducleuis, dcs tuyaux, des installations, d<
inosurours do courant, et millo lampos qui ocln
roront los salons d'Edison ot lo grand cscalii
d’honnour.

A L’EXPOSITION

L’inauguration desfdlesdonuit d l’Exposilii
intorniilionalo d'dlcctricitd a ou liou, coini
nous l'avions nnnoned, samedi dorniorau mili
d'un concours considdrablo do visitours.
vcillo, on avail rdpdtd gdndralemont, ot co
l'dndtition. i> laquollo avaiont dto convios
sommitds do l’Elat ot donosgrandos admin
trations publiquos ainsiquo los roprdsontuilts
la presso, aolfertcot nllrait particuhor quo,
vendredi dlant jour d’Opdra, olio apermis d <
londro, au Palais des Cliamps-Elysdos, l oxdi
lion do RohaH lo Diablo, grace au fantastic
instrument d'Edison. i

nns une inutilo descnpl

it famoux des oxhibitours fori
voir pour lo.croiro ». Et on
u, on n’est pasbicn sdr do n'o

SIGNAUX ELECTRIQUES

, I" 1 *' l' ,nco d0 «"" lo clavier, frnppo
OS ol los sons sticccssifs so produisonl do
io dans lo piano, do iniimo quo dans roiirnn

riS==a=55£

, “odnlc mnglquc.

WW»iS 3 =

| °« cli quoln^ U 6 V |n8li l t“ U o 0 o? 0 “ i , j'°“j
u4 la suppression absoluo du i oint

Rond'cl'lo .ranlu.cu.u - ; t,,CS,cp

u - Maekaiule r °

At: P n“p 0 o 0 uv“„r^°? 1 Un i “‘ 4 -

rss»s#s

sssriPis

Go HyHtumo n elu ad on 16 pur I
« London Chatham and Dover Hallway,
lilan District (soutcrraiii) Hnilwnv C' »

os immciiKcs availlogos.
db inspoctours da < Moan
°> lo rccoiiiniaiidont on <

-o.......xnu lorinom « oux-momcB et pro so n to

uno doiihlo sCcurilo. Co in mo fonotionnomcnt
roi! no Iaisso Hon a desiror el nous lo rocc
? ul . ®P^clalomenl A raltontion gonuralo
■I'• do la Compagnio « London G

and Dover >, dit: « Cost lo mcillour syslAir
uquo qu on nit ononra invonto pour. oiiipAc
collisions sur los voioa ferities. *
itlo |"|?5«!! 1 ,Y. oir f °ncliomier A la section nmd
A cfliA*5?. s « 0n Iclornaiionalo, nu roz-do-olio
modAlnn U i “ uro,,u du Gominissarial nmdrica
ccuoios do co nouveau systAmo.

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NOTRE BUT

F-n fondant co journal dont nous publions
nujourd’hui lo premier numiiro, nous n’a-
vons luillomont song6 ft vcnir fairo eoncur-
l'cnco faux fouillus pdriodiquos, nidi goes
nvec autant do talent quo do competence,
qui, it Paris, so consacront oxclusivomont
ii I’etiido des questions relatives a l’liloctri-
eito. Notre pretention osl mollis dlovdo.
Mais si nous n’aspirons qu’a occupor uno
iilaco inodesto parmi los conlV6ros do la
[irosso speoialo dont nousallons grossir los
■aiigs, onooro pou 6pais d’ailloiirs, nous
ivons miamnoins la conviction quo notro
uuvro n'on sera ni moins utile ni inoins
eooiidc on lions rbsu lints. Notro principal
mt ost, on etl'ot, do vulgariscr dans do vas¬
es proportions et surtout do rdpnndro par¬
ti los classes encore pen delairdcs des vil-
- s utllKi catnpagnos la connaissanco des
ecouvortcs et des inventions dont les pour-
uivants du magique Hindu allongont sans
- HS0 * !l gloriottse serio, et, sans negliger,
one maniore absoluo les cOtiis theoriques
u su jet, d'en exposer attssi claireinont quo.
tsdble et dims un langage accessible mix
les applications ct les avanta-

sprati.p

■uses uno largo et grabble hospitable, bor-
;i ,m siu ’ i,!o rmc

^C'tK: i r ai,si!uiesijio = rii -

Vtus romanmato ° 1 luP0 ’ los hommos les
k ^w 0 S5 a |J s “ nt,,i cherchouri do
'^ oul ^ tuo4 ^''oaopt lu i odon t los trn-

ouniirea ,i ’ 'Wo* „ QUP ^ a4l V>o ns

mi >°» outre,

"•wits, dos apparejm "f° m ° <lcs inftru-

devoir ,?n 0l ' j0lS div «» qui

Us Vif ot lo pj us vo, luor 1’iuturOt lo

is do quolqtto at-

los nouvcllos, les fails dij
tention.

Tel ost,succinetoinont expose,lo program*
•mo quo nous noussommos trneddans uno
vuo do propagaudo ossoutiolloinont demo-
cratiquo,

Ilobdomndairo it scs diilmts, lo lUoniteur
ofjicicl do I'J'Jkctriciti! paraltra doitx fois
par somaino, si los eirconstancos rdolamont
unsnrcroltdo publication et dans lo cas, bion
ontoniln, oil lo suou&s favorisorait nos ef¬
forts. Qu’il nous soil purmis, toutofois, dol’a-
vouor sans vnnilA ni fausso inodostie,
crayons ferinomoatu la reussito complete do
notro tout,dive, Los adhesions preeiotises
quo nous avons rciicontrbas dans lo momlo
savant ct indnstriol xulliraiont it anlorisor
nos ospirancos: itiais co qui nous inspire
plume conflnhco duns l’livcnir, c’ost I’ititdrOt
passionnfi aveo loqtiel lo public sans excep¬
tion suit lo diivo oppoinont prodigioux ot
coutipu des applications do l’dloctricile, co
torribloagent do la nature rdduit dosormais
purlos conquates do la science a romplir do-
cilcmont los plus bumbles functions do la
vie domestique. [/exposition ouverto on co
moment an Palais do i’ladnstrio presenlo it
cot dgard un speclaclo curieuxot instructif;
et on voyant les foules si avidos do voir et
d'approiitlre les secrets merveillcux quo re¬
dolent ccs machines, cos appareils, cos ins-

nal contmo celui dont nous outreprenons la
publication repond A tin bosoiu reel ot
appeld a rondro d’importants services.

A. liAIIIIIKUX.

THOMAS-ALVA EDISON

, Quel cst done cot lionime dont lo nom absolu-

'W'Mf h . ,or > d< J 4 c4li!brc aujourd’hui; aura
Wen at sans doute uno illustration cPunc ponu-
laritii umvcrscllcs ? D'oi, precede ce prince do la
science dovant loquel ehaeun s’ineline nvec
respect, e qui, du haut do son installation splcn-
dtdc, semblo domincr on autocrato dans ce Palais
dos Champs-Elysiics ot, | c monde pl ' ™
chim.quc a envoys scs chcrchcurs les plus, m
triipidcs ct les plus'distingmis > Voilft des ones’
tions, posiies bten.dcs .Ibis, q uc ..]»
avide des visitcurs do /Exposition

it Ic voudra, dc disputcr la palmc des richcsscs
A Yhombre d'oro lui-mime; ce nabab amdricain
doit Ic jour A un humble travailteur qui, n'ayant
pas de pain A lui donner, invilait.son fils, Age de
douze ans A peine, A allcr cn chcrchcr hors du
logis patcrncl.

. Ce .savant prodigioux dont les ddeouvertes '
ddconccrtcnt les specialists* les plus crudits, et
dont chaque invention, rcipic' d'abord com’me
tine de ccs mystifications gigantesques qic les
Yankees sc plaiscnt A lancer dc temps cn temps
sur le vieux monde,- devient bicnUM I'objctd'une
admiration melee d’uno sorte de slupeur; ce
maitre gloricux cnlre tous, qucI’histoirc prcadAx
peut-etre pour un des pnrrains du dix-ncuviimc
sibele; cel oracle incontcste ct suivi n’a iamis

grands travaux publics executes on Europe
is le courant du siecle elaieut du.l a des in,'d-
••-urs prives de diplAmcct de touts attache gou-
vcrnementale. X'insistons pas sur eetto matiero

asscz delicate, ct revenons ..

nous aliens pareourir A longues enjambec
uarnere s.nguburemont laboricuse ctaeeidei!

^ouK’n.latriste wn’ d-lS^
Michigan, cst uc A Milan comfT* .n 1 * 00 da,,s ^
l’Ohio, Ic io ftvrier ? ° d Krjt S

ans passds,. compte dans s:
na res encore bicn portants
tailleur,. pdpinieristo,

"Mrohandde biens.- map

aptitudes
futur inv
motograp
Cepend

M0N1TEUR OFFIC1EL DE L’fiLECTRIClTfc

x, brochures, revues, ct pretant 4 tout un
r4t, lc jcunc Edison attcignit sa douzifc-
ic sans que lc moindre indiec cflt rdvdld
ntourage les qualitiis cxccplionnclles, les
:s multiples dont la nature avail dote lc
ivenlcur du telephone ct dc I’dlcctro-
aphe.

ndant.l’cntrclicn A'mcbouchcinulile, dans
umbic demeure dc Port-IIuron assidgio
c mistre persistante, devenait onrireux.
jugcant que son fils, auquel il avait
is, avee son dncrgic ct son aclivitii d’esprit,
nstitution cxccllcnte ct un temperament
i, avail attcint un ddvdoppement physiqqc
■nl suffisant, l’cx-tailTour-grnincticr-pdpi-
» pril-il la resolution de 1'abandonncr 4
jpres forces..Un soir, en soupant, il lut
;e done que, des le lendemain, il travaillc-
"qualile de train-boy sur la grande ligne
indact diiCcntral-Michigan, que desorntais
it sc suflireAlui-memc ct nc plus compter
ssistanccdcs siens; ct apres avoir debourse
us dc premier iHablissemeni dc l’apprcnti
errant, il crut en conscience s’etre acquitte
etement des obligations legitimes dc sa
rile. En veritable nourrisson dc ccttc terre
du self-government ct dc I'initialiyc
ducllc, lc jcunc Edison requt sans obscr-
i, a'vcc ealme, sinon avee joie la declara-
atcrnclle, ct le jour suivanl, il faisait son
; dans lc mondc : lo begin in the world.
sc lerminc la phase tranquillc.insouciante,

. dc la carritre d’Edison. C’cst commc lc
iguc dc cc roman d’avcnturcs qui commence
un fourgon dc railway pour finir commc
eerie dans unc apothcosc.
voila done parcourant son train d’un bout
lire pour offriraux voyageurs des journaux,
nagazincs ilustrds, des gateaux, dcs fruits,

pipes c

chimiques ». Car c’cst en ccla que consistc
fession choisic pour son rejeton par la
,-anccde l’cxperimente hollando-americain.
bout dc quclqucs jours, intelligent commc
it,Edison connaissait4fond'

furtivement en allant s’approvisionncr dcs jour¬
naux, principal objet dc son commerce, lui of-
fraient dcs attractions irresistiblcs, et il n’cut dc
repos qu’aprfcs avoir pbnctreies doublcsmysthrcs
dc la telegraphic ct de la typographic.

Mais Edison n’est pas un reveur, c’cst avant
tout un homme pratique. Ainsi, sc trouvant dans
les ateliers du Detroit Free Press au moment oh
l’on vendait au rebut dc vlcux cnractfcrcs, l’idec
lui vient aussitet dc fonder un journal. Il achfctc
done les tetes de clou en question, sc procure
ailleurs les ustensilcs indispcnsables, transporte
le tout dans son fourgon, ct quclqucs jours plus
tard public lc Croud Trunk lliratd dont il cst 4
la fois redactcur, protc, corrcctcur.tireur, plieur
ct qu’il livre tout frais aux voyageurs du train.
Malhcurcusemcnt, un llacon dc phosphorc qui
servait 4 scs experiences de chirnic, en lombatit
dc la tablctte o4 il etait depose, inccndia le
planchcr du fourgon. Lo conduclcur du tram
apercut 4 temps la fumecctetcignit lefeu ; mais,
pour evitcr lc rctour d’un scmblablc accident, il
jeta sur la voic lc materiel complct du chimistc.
impriineur, apres quoi il lui administra unc rud
correction.

Cc n’est,du rcstc.pas la scule mesaventured
sa vie dc journaliste. A Port-lluron, o4 eta:
toujours son domicile, il avait, encourage par 1
succes dc sa premiere fcuillc, cree un journal, 1-
/)_„,/ p r y (Paul l’indiscrct). Tous les collabora¬
tors qui sc presentaient etaient bicn accueillis 4
condition dc ne rcclamcr aucunc retribution. Les
articles n’etant pas signes, le Paul Pry ne gar
aucunc reserve, altaquant gens, choscs,
institutions un peu 4 tort 4 travers. Un habitant
lc la ville violcmmenl altaque so chargea
.•enger loutes les victimcs des indiscretions
journal. 11 rencontre Edison sur lcquai, le prend
par la cravatc ct la ccinture, ct sans exphea'
lejelte 4 i’cau. Edison, r^i savait nager,

: quclqucs benefices, il prit - —--

urs enfants dc son 4ge en leur confiant le
lc debitor 4 sa place scs merchandises,
combinaison permit au jcunc cxploileur Ac
lire sa passion d’apprendre, toujours plus
ct tandis que scs employes sollicitaicnt la
We, lui, paisiblcmcnl assis dans lc r ° u jB° n

aSa o S °t s n Lo aTratte'd'analjrae qualitative .

-“rrJsrs

nmencc sans guide le premier apprcnlissagc
ceSence fen. labile « cst promptement
ssd maltrc. . ...

rout d’aiUaurs etait pour lui sujet a rutoibn.

:s machines, \cs apparcils dont \\ po
ocher excitaicnt son ardentc curiositcct, pom

ixpiiquer les secrets deieur ^—^

ode dc leur fonctionncmcnt, n sc mu
physique cl la mdeanique, ct toujours,
itendu, par les memes proeddes.

Les bureaux tdlegrapbiqucs ou il fimssai P
ctenir des employes les reuse,gncmciri ^

Paul P

Cette double lc?on nc fut pas perdue. Edison
rdsolut, en clfet.dc rcnonccr provisoircmcnt4scs
experiences et dc consacrcr tous scs loisirs A
l’dtude. Lc train, dans lequcl il excrqait sc..
commerce, faisait regulierement unarret dc plu-
rshcurcs dans la ville dc Detroit. AussitOt
rd, notre train boy courait 4 la bibholheque
’ i’dtait donnd pour t4che de lire t""s les

s. Fo

ct jusqu’au

noins pri-

sic, C J t ' ui , c ,“ t ,'n r 'nothdcahcrprTs J’immet pour

pouvrnt roster u .y sa disposition.

sSiss

cha 4 utiliser ce q . procure

bord de la voie, en face dc la maison, un gros tas
dc sable, et, au passage, s’dlance hardiment, lc
train marchant4 toute vitessc. Cette manitre de
rentrer chez soi adoptde par Edison cst fort ori¬
ginate ct avantageuse, mais n’est pas 4 la portde
dc tout le mondc. Nous nous arretons sur- ces
details parcc qu’ils permettent d’apprdcicr lb
couiagc, lc sang-froid, l’agilite dc l’hommc
vraiment extraordinaire dont nous esquissons la
biographic. Voici un fait qui cst une attestation
dloqucntc du ddvouementet de I'intrdpidite d'E-
dison ct dont la divulgation lui vaudra bicn dcs
sympathies. Il attendait un jour sur lc quai de
la garc dc Port-Clement, lorsqu'il apcrqoi't prts
de lui, 4 vingt metres d'unc locomotive arrivant
4 toute vapeur, un tout petit enfant jouant sui
la voic. Sans reflexion, d'instinct, Edison bond!
d’unelan detigre 4 travers la voie, cnlevc lebab;
au vol ct rctombcavcc sa proie dc l’aulre cote dc
rails, affleurd par les tampons de la machine. L
pire de l’cnfant etait lc chef de gare de Port-Clc
mcnt.ct pour s’acquittcr covers son sauvctcur, il li
apprit la telegraphic d’unc fai;on methodique c
lui donnant ainsi les moyens d’cxerccr une veri
table profession. Cost alors qu'il renoneja deli
nilivement 4 son commerce dc train boy, qu
avait quilte 4 plusieurs reprises pour essay
divers metiers, cclui dc cordonnicr notammen
et auquel il revenait apres chaquc tentative i
fructucusc.

Son apprentissage, on le dcvinc, ne fut p
long. En fort peu dc temps il devint un mani[
latcur habile ct d’unc extreme ingeniosite. M
si, sous le rapport dc l’intclligcnce ct dc la
pacite, e’etaitun praticicn module, e'etait en
vanche lc plus detestable employe que Ton ^
jamais rencontre. 11 etait toujours occupe d
chose elrangerc a sa besogne, oubliant de i
vcillcr son apparcil ct laissant en soufTranc.
depiVhcs publiqufset privccs. A Stralford.j
lc Canada, son dircctcur.qui connaissait ses
tractions, lui impose, un soir qu’il le laissc
garde, l’obligation dc telcgraphicr toutes
dcmi-hcurcslc metric mot 4 la station vois
Edison, qui a revri un autre cmploi de sa i
improvise un petit apparcil que la grande aig
dc l'horlogcmcttait en mouvement et qui tele
phiait 4 sa place, le moment venu. Cette r.u:
aucunc dcpechc nc fut enregistrce 4 son bur
au grand etonnement de son correspondent,
n’obtcnait que le memo mot revenant 4 ii
vallcs fixes. L4, comme 4 Cincinnati, comi

f ouisville, lc trop ingenieux employe fut ii
cherchcr fortune ailleurs. C’cst 4 Memphi:
•p4, qu’il cut la premiere idee de faire pi
multanemcnt deux ddpeches en sens in'

on refusade rexperimenter. Et co ne r 6om
deux ddpechos, c'estquatre qu’il n rz....: *

fill

graphic n’a ccsse

P tr ma,hour, line p^aitco^^r^^

experiences sur 1 clcctn ^ so „ ind us-

son ptre etait 4

A New-York enfin la chance le favorise
Gold and Slock Company l'appcllc pour rri|
un indicatour qui s’etait derange au momer
l'on en avait lo plus grand besoin, ct non s
ment il le remet promptement en ctat, maii
joint un apparcil dc son invention qui im|
succcssivcmcnt ct sans perte de temps les \
tions dcs valours. Dfcs lors, son succi
croissant. La compagnie dc l’Union des
graphes de l'Oucst lui donne unc magn
remuneration pour avoir le droit d exploit:
premiere invention teiegraph.quc <*. ™

ainbulantc. La maison o<- °”’’ s J" ion Pour
Sorts v’mgtmrutes, Edison dispose sur le

redouble d’efforts
puissance dV travail et sa fecondite d’espri
attestecs par les nombreux brevets qu U .
aui S ont au nombre de trcntc-cinq po

'EUR 0FFIC1EL DE L'ELECTRICIVE

supputant la splendidc fortune que son
lui promet, il sourit cn haussant lcsdpaulcs
Iddain.

nc travaillc ni pour I'argcnt ni pour la
II cst profonddment indifTdrent A cc qu’on
ire do lui. Son scul bonheur, sa scule am-
son but dans la vie, e'est dc decouvrir,
iter, d’dlargir dc plus cn plus Ic ccrclcdcs
ssanccs humnincs, dc surprendre un A un
rets dc la nature, dc fairc jaillir la lumierc

marche, conduit dans sa force, sans sc
uper dc ccquclcs autres ont ditavnnt lui.
ccptc que coSjui lui cst scienlifiqucmcnt
trd, ct, pouf*lui, I'nflirmation du plus
gdnic n’a qiie'ln vnlcur d'unc hypothec,
c la demonstration nc lui parnit pas snfll-
il envisage lYSon lour la question. C'esl
u'il cn cst arrive A rejeter line partic dc la
s dc Newton sur la gravitation. II pretend
matierc n'est pas attiree, que Ic inotivc-

irsonnc plus que lui n'a horreur dcs iddes
Igucs, dcs opinions faites d’avancc. II a
gon originalc d'envisager les choscs qui
a conversation cxtreinemcnt intdressantc.
Ic scs axiomes favoris cstcclui-ci:«Toutcs
istanccsdntunc intelligence proporlionmic
; besoins. E.vpliqucz-moi sans cela, dit-il,
:nt il peut sc fairc que Ic bourgeon d'unc

in trajet dc' cinquantc miitrcs ct s'dlevc,
irement au.v lois dc la gravitation, pour
Ire un rayon do lumierc? «

i liltdraturc, il aime les podtes d’imagina-
cs romantiques; il lui faut unc action dra-
jc ct un style imagd. II cst admiratcur
innd dc Shakespeare ct dc Bulwer.
n revanche, les auteurs qui sc consacrcnt
dc patiente ct approfondic du cceur humain
liscntmoins. Tout cn rendant justice A leur
, il a peu dc goQt pour Thakcray, Dickens,
:c Sand ct Balzac. •

’Arne humainc I’intdrcssc peu ; toutes scs
intcllcclucllcs sont conccntrdcs sur I’ob-
ion dcs lois dc la nature,
h' s'imaginerait facilcmcnt qu’Edison cst
'dablc. Si jamais homme cut dc sdricuscs

• projets pour l'avcnir. C’cst alors que sa conv
sation devient d’un intdrdt extrdme ct que
parole prend un caractfcrc dlcvd. On nc sc la
pas dc l'cntcndrc. II a unc fagon dc parlcr
forces dc la nature qui n’apparticnt qu’A lui
qui ouvre, dans I'csprit dc ccux qui I'dcouti
dcs horizons inflnis.

« C'esl encore son phonographe dont il a
Ic niicux fairc les honneurs. Il cause avee lui
I'appcllcson vieux phonographe.« How are j
old phonograph? » lui dit-il gaiement. II tou
la manivcllc ct I'instrumcnt lui rdpond dc
petite voix mdtalliquc un peu nnsillnrdc ct gr
dcusc, cn anglais, cn allcmand, cn cspagnol
cn latin, car cclui qui l'a erdd parlc un peu
qualrc langucs ct a cu soin dc les lui apprenc
Vous pcnsczbicn que I'instrumcnt sous la ir
dcl'invcntcur fonclionnc admirablcmcnt. Ai
('impression produite sur les assistants est-
toujours Ires intense.

« l.cs visiles durcraient dcs journdcs ct c
nails si Ic mnitr • dc Mcnlo-I’ark voulait ini
scs botes a tous les mysteres dont il cst cntoi

« Lorsqu’il parlc deshommes dcscicncc.c
avee un sentiment dc respect ct dc ddfdrcr
Dc tous les gens dminents avee lesqucls il s
trouvden rapport, cc sont cux chcz lesqucls
a rcconnu les iddes les plus dlcvecs, Ic p
grand ddsintercssement ct la simplicitd la [
vraic. II parlc souvent de son entrevue a
William Thompson ct sc plait a rappclcr qui
savant avail un mauvais chapeau, dcs habits
pcs ct n'dtait pas mieux velu que lui.

« Enlin Ic soir arrive. Les visitcurs cnchai
de leur excursion, reprennent Ic train;I'hcun
repos a sound pour les pauvres Illiniums, e'es
moment ou Edison commence a travailicr,
soupc, ct, an milieu du silence profond dc
plcinc campagne, il medite, ilcombinc.il cssi
-ilinvcntc. II prolongc sa veillc longtcmps a[
quo tous scs collaboratcurs sont partis. La 1
chine a vapeur cst arrdtec, les fourncauxi
dtcints, I'invcntcur cst scul dans eel imme
laboratoirc, parcil A ces ancicnsalchimistcs i
dans Ic mysterc des longues nuits, chcrchai
sans so lasscr, la transmutation dcs mdtauj
1'dlixir dc longue vie, ou A ces sorcicrs
pruparaient A minuit les philtres amoureux c
poudre dc succession.

« L’aubc lc surprend parfois creusant un r
blemc, ct il n'est jamais moins dc deux ou t
heures du matin quand il regagne son home
sa petite famille dort paisiblcmcnt, les y
fixes vers les dtoilcs qu'il examine avee un ii
rdt passionnd, trdbuchant contrc les caillou:

JOURNAL QUOTIDIEN

LA ' :

Correspondance de Paris

INFORMATIONS POLITIQUES, DIPLOMATIQUES ET FIFANClilRES' :

Bureau central: 12,. Boulevard des Italians, Paris 1

Nimino du Diuanche: 2G cunt, a Paris ; SO cent, dans lbs DBpaiitbments. ex-a l'Etbanobb-

Tuition raAN^aisr

Nous prions lea lectaura qui no voudraicntpas M. Edison, nu lioudo la.pourvoir d'armalurosid&Ur
s'abonnor,. de nous’ ronvoyor le journal sans fid- catos st oncombrantes pour amonor I'dlectricitd A l'intd-

fiire la bands; dans le.cas contraire, nous consi- 7““ ****"'**&*

9 9 par un. tampon on platro dans lequel doux anneauxen

■direrions leur silence, commo uno marque, d’ad- icuivro sont scelids. Chacun db ces doux •nneouxwt;
hdsion. isoudAtrun dos doux fils do-plutine db 1'intirianr qi

; vibnnant aboutir las deux exlrdmitte i’ "•

JOIN IN 1 ERNATIONALEjbrillc 'douce ct plircravcc'uirAi
'ELECTRICITY.' ’ . lour, une intensity scmblablcs t

'ELECTRICITE. , lour, u

jR?? i-Ouaoe m:s ateuees 1 f 1 '«•«■^rtmo ClAdarage.

? . iri.ui.Ri.Mi ni!- - Cntto lampe, dont lo pnx esi

V>-‘CT , '' cmquantc environ, pciitilurcr lu

■' L.cxpositton Internationale d’AIcctricilA au' d Agage si pen dc clialeur qt
Palms de I’lnduslrie a mis un fait en Avidcnce'J presser entre ses mains sans res;
jut intArcssc trop directcment rimprimeriejsensation briilanle. Ainsi empl
pour.quc nous le passions sous silence. tricitA produit to d<juj- too de c
I, Nous voulons parlor dcl’Aclairage des aic-jpour too de lumiere, tandis qui
licrsd la lumiAre eleetrique par 1c systdmo K»KO 90 pour too de clialeur et

E‘jispn v . .. ... de lumiAre. M. Edison a pourv

Jusqu ICI, les imprimeurs sc sontfenus, d’un systAme de canalisation di
ton sans raison, sur unc prudente rAscrve a parlerons tout A I'iieure ct
.dgard de l’Aclairagc Alcctriquc. Dcs cssaisehcz ce prodiiiicux esiirit >1.
lombreux ont AtA tenuis avee des foyers sances thAoriqucs jointes A m
mtssants, donnant une lumiere blanche, Acla-jeclairA, profond, dcs nAccssitAs i.
ante, rayonnant sur une grande surface. Ce Disonsde suite quo celte cmnli
ystdme pouvait convcnir dans une ccrtainc pierre angulnire de la mise en oral
lcsure aux rues, aux avenues, aux jardins S ystAmc d'liclairage, puisqucllc

erenv ef '“'^g 80 ? 'nMnvAnicnts dan- lampcs mobiles de nos ateliers.
tdlUi avee laquclle chaquc ouvricr en dis“ J-SicnTfa'bimivemm, A Paris
ur sa cass L e 0 Te P r ri , T nant “ province, oil le regime des atelie

armes; limprimeur inclinant an besoin le j e cu3 sous-sols sins air deces
ec qui Aclairc sa machine, alin de niicux sole jour liltrc avee peine,A travers'd
:ndrc comptc du foulage A l'atde dcs rayons etroites 011 dcs clrlssis vitrAs A
c. dcsqucls les Amanations gr.usse
L eclairagc Alcctriquc, pour sc substilucr A miditA, la fumAc s'mtaclicmt, dc
Aclairagc au gaz, derail se priitcr A un 111a- verres un aspect corne 5 •
iement aussi commode. II etait rAscrve A I C s tcrr iins Ai nu ,A n, r
illustre savant de Menlo-P.irl; de rAaliscr ce on dispose les machines les lines
desideratum .. M. Edison a discipline la uilrcs on serre les ,-isses k,
imicre eleetrique, fa divisAe, rendue ma- r p' c d^ A pied on ^040™?
e^nonle./f' nclif i 1 «P : >^d'impri„,cric dcs’immcublcs crAes

erepondre A tomes les nccessitesdcfAclai. autre destination. I.anl pis si
tgc, en mAme temps qu un instrument lumiere en sont absents; on «
hygiene qui, en sc suhslitunnt au gaz.coiniiic on pourra L’csscntiel e>
Srcesans ^voiry iniXd« i

les onvrieJs audAmmcnt de la san.e | ic s de commando. Lcjour est d<
La lampe Edison se compose d'un globe se . scrvlra . du t' ,az - Et ’voili^comnicr
ermA en verre de la forme ctdcla mW? ln V**? ,Cr \‘l Uand la “ bc sc
func poire ordinaire, contcnant un IllamcntP™ UmC CS bCCS de Baz qul
lo charbon en forme d’arc obtenu avee 1111011 V , ,

ibrede bambou grosae comme un crin de ' a , a des . da " Bcrs Permanent
iheval. Ce filament est reliA A deux lils de ? ^ 1 .” l . ,vrlcr >' tontracte dcs ma
ilatine qui y amAncnt I'AlectricitA. Le vide, 1et Icpprenti de douzi
:Rt fait dans le globe, sa partie infArieurec * U SUr a n , lac llnc > a c, ' l “ du bee
:st close avee un disque en matiAre isolante ""’|!“' d ? 8 .®V 8 . dea ‘1" '
rntour duquel sont scellAs deux anneaux en i P r V 4 .' brd 4 ’ nl " slhlt

;u.vre. C'est par ces anneaux que la coni- fen! ,^^ 3 ^ 80 moral '
numcation des lils exiArieurs se fait avee 1 ! ltiS . a cllers 011 des .l ourl| s |
:eux de l'intArieur. Cette communication "Tc lanalt > le palest plus grand
:8t-clle Atablie, et le courant circule-t-il dans “i,!, ?“ d . e e con ? tatcr di ">s qui
esfils, qu’aussitOt un arelumineux se des^ d ^ ‘ a ’ n ?hii? UV . nor ? ,rav: ! ,llcnt
nne autour du Iilamcnt de charbon; la lu,?„ nf J“ S , bllc ' , J ) U , bout dc qui
mire produite n\a nullement faspcct blafardf,?"; 8 '^ 1 ? r divelo PP 6c P<>r le
[unaire, de celle Amanant des globes de n.w“’ d ? 8C ““Podtcim se i

titreque : lrfs'CannIlsatr5!ia ef , lffs,appar<iils'diF(a qunnbt6|rd'41citricite qul y circule'. Sa
gaz,~‘avcc cette diflfdrencc ceperi&antqu’ellessensibiliti est -telle'qu'il fciircgistrc toUtc's
sont plus simples, qu’elles exigent moins de’lcs oscillations du cournnt/permettant airisi
travaux, qu'cllcs sont mfcins coflteuscs ct'de distribiier ou de retenir 4 volonti l'elcc-
moins dangercuse9. itriciti, suivant les besoins de la consoinma-

, II cst.aisA de s’en rendre compte dans lion.

l'cxposition de'M. Edison ou des fragments Quand nous aurons dit encore quo les:
de canalisation de toute grosscur sont expo- fils des appartements sont entoures d'une
s6s avec-un grand nonibre de branches, de enveloppe de coton incombustible, nous
gcnouillircs'ct de supports de lampes. Evi- aurons ajooti une preuve. 4 colics d6j4 si
jddmment leur aspect est cclui d'appareils nombreuses, que nous avons inumcrtScs, du
[fapriquis, non pour'des essais ou des ;exp6-; caractirc dminemment industricl des ddcou-
nqiiieSdo laboratoire, mais pour,uneappli-vertesayantpcrmis 4 M. Edison de former
'cdtipij immddiate de. la Tumid'rcYdlcclriquelun systdme d’dclairage complet, conscrvant
kians nos appartements comme’dans nos ate- dans toutes scsparties une telle homogdnditd
Iters.. jqtte l'une d’ellesjtfch pourrait dtre ddtaclidii,'

i .^h'danger d'incendie dans la dunalisation'sans qud lev'sVstdnie. fit rendu: d’une appli-
'diiigaz est,. disons-nous plus h'aiit,‘ccluljcation tris'difficile,' sinon impossible.
Ipccasionnd par les fuites. Les canalisations Nous deVdns'dbnc nous aftciidre a voir,:
Idlectriques cn ofirent un aiissi, ct la preuve dans un brcf ddlni, les bees de'gaz de nod
p a dtd domidc dans une installation d'un [ateliers ayee lcurs abat-jour brfllife, noircis,
'autre inventeur, dans la salle de la biblio- transformds plus souvent cn rdiTtfctciirS de'
[thique du Palais de l'Industrie. Lorsque )#ichaleur qu’en rdflecteurs de dUmidre.^cddir
tension du courant est trop forte'dans leshtur place 4 1a Iainpc Edison. tlctte rdvo-
[fils, c'est-4-dire que l'dlectricitd s'y accu- lution pacilique, fdcondc dans ses consd-
iffiule en quantitd bcaucoup plus grande que quences 'debnomiques, ct socialcs, trouve,

ydiS ifl celled iftiUsdesji'our, uripiprdduiSibnj

! Sgale de lumiire de gaZ.' M. Batchelor; quf
I’eSf-livrd 4 des experiences ' scmblablcs cn
Amdriquc, affitmc quo leurs rdsultats' dcono-
Sniqucs scrOnt cn favour du systdme Edison;

' ■■II'y. dur'ait done un intdrdt incontestable
pour les imprimeurs 4 se serVir dc leur force
motrice pour dclaircr lciirs-atelicrs, leurs
magasins, leurs bureaux, si tous ces locaux
sont rdunis dans'le mdme immcublc.

, La presse franfaisc s'est dd]4 bcaucoup
occupdc de cette rdvoiution 'de l'dclairage,
uui, on peut l’affirnter, est 4 nos portes. Le
journal des Dibats du tl septembre dernier
a constatd, comntc nous, les avantages de la
litmidre Edison, .dans les appartements et
dans les ateliers. Voici cc qul! dit Apropos
d'une installation rdalisdc depuis un an, 4
New-York, dans un atelier de lithographic i

« Nous avons sous les yeux une lettre
d'une importante maison de lithographic de
New-York, dans .laquellc le systcnjti.'Edison
fonctionnc depuis une annde. On sait quclles
iiifficultds offre le.travail lithographiqud avec
la lumidre du 'gaz, surtout depuis les, appli¬
cations nombreuses des couleurs fiibditlia-
graphic.iCcs .difficultds ont disparu depuis

ENGLISH MECHANIC) AND WORLD OF SOIENCIE: No. 8<

t dfttrjltsjj fEtcjjattti»

COMPRESSED AIR. STEAM. OR ELEC- *™rUilbovingSuci
TRICITY FOR TRAMWAYS. !!'”

irontjr-Bix atmospheres—
carries forty passengers,
-onty-fivo stoppages, and

-Moncrieff contends that tho
dug ofTeoted by boating tho
)g it into tbo cylinders is not
i such a route, and rolios for
bis motor, which is perhaps
nd, on careful regulation of

protects tho outside passengers from any
vapours or dust that may cscatm from tho
chimney. Tho weight is in this case all
used for adhesion, and tho car is stated to
lmvo run with greater smoothness and less
noiso than an ordinary horse-car. All these i
steam motors aro well within control, possess¬
ing sufficient bmko-power to stop them
I within their own lengths from tho maximum
speed allowed on tramways; thoy aro
practically free from escapes of steam and

EXPOSITION D'fiLECTRXCITE •

I Ha des,plus grands'atlraits de l’Exposl-
tion d’dlectricitd est’ sans contrcdit la sails
do M. Edison. La fbule s’y preaao tous
lea iolra. M. Edison fait bien rdoliement
y sallo comble ; on avalt tant parlb des in-
5 ventions et surfout do la lampe merveil-
V lenao du physioien.de Mehio-Park! Tout
• le mondo veutaavoir jusqu’4quel point le
e cbldbre'inventeur a .tenu ms' promeases.
% Lorsqu’lly adeuxansddj4,noneanrion'cions
| lea premiers quo M. Edison dtait parvcnub
•3 rdallser un systdme complet d'dclalrage
f dlectrique, tout prdt-4 dire substitnd 4
i l’dolairage au gaz,on acoueillif la'nouvelle
avec one cortaine inordlulitdi On e&t vo-
lontiers rappeld le proverbs quo l'on ap¬
plique aux inventions qui viennent de
loin. On prononga nidme le mot de mysti-
flcation. Un dlectricien, et des plus dml-
nens,dorivait4 cette dpoqiie en faisantallu-
sionau systdmed’Edison: « Cost une idde
4 l’dtat d’dbauche. qui n’a rien de neuf et
ne nous paralt pas devoir conduire 4 des
rdsultats bien sdrleux. » Les temps sont
bien changds. Tons lea doutea ont dis-
paru. Ceux qiii voulaient toucher, comme
saint Thomas, ont aujourd’hui lea lampes
sous fea yeiix. Toua lea soirs, des lustres,
des canddlabres rdpandent lour lumidre
douce et dorde dans les salles 24 et 2C
et dans diffdrentes parties du Palais. Le
snoods est considerable; il est consacrd
jourhellement par renthousiaamo, les td-
moignijigcs d’dtonnement et d'admiration.
du pubUo.

;Qae-p6uvsde.bn-4buhailet c ^Mi^Kf'd?^ublW%^|fftffif%^iiib^diffls?>igw3ap”
l plns ' joli, -de' plus J extraordinaire imdme net;;autre£entMe/ima ae Vseralt dohannit
que ces petite foyers de lumidre si flxS et et Auralt oonsUtudamdld vf^Vair * UnimT-
si"oalme, st> oaressanto pour-le regard.) lange ddtonantt^n- aUumaht Je’beb !*oh :
Nous sommes' habituds 4 nous reprdaen- produlraitnneexploiion.Onpeutsedemajit
ter la' lumidre dleotHque 1 sous forme de der dommeht lefaddidehs&arriventinia
foyers dblouissans,' sointillans, durs ;4 plussouvehtetobnmentisnrtouta'uddlmt
l’oell , bruyans , ohangeant'.sans.cesse la oralnte de be dinger, qhin’a-rien d’imi
d’intonsltd, aux tons variables et bla- posaible. n’a paaretarddleirapide ddvelon-
fords. Ioi, an contraire, on< a flevant'Bol pementqu'a. pris l'usaga idugaz? L’habi-
une'umidrequi adtd enquelquosbrtecivl- tudo- est Meh«:vraiment>una'. sdoonde
llade, accommodde 4 nos habitudes,• miao 4 nature;. Aveo 1’dlO'otrioitd; .tfestM aulre-
inotre portde; ohaque.beo dolalre comme. tnent -oommodo; ; Tous.vcrenlrez,, tous
du gaz, mais comme un gaz qu’il.ettt fallu pressez' nn i bouton,i- et'.iamjofeu^Bdn^
inventer, > un gaz donnant .une lumidre allumette, toute la ' .'maiaon .a’dolalre'.
d'une flxitd parfailo.-gdie ot brillante sans it y amieuibohdore; on fait -oe.lque 1’on
gflner la rdtipe.-. " • ‘ jreut de'l’dleotriolld. .Appnyer, siir t un.

Et quelle difTdrenoe avco le gaz I Elle bouton ou tourner ud robinet vous- sem-
j ne rdpand dans rappartementr auoun blq-t-il trop exiger? Qu'4 oela ne lionne,
prodult de combustion, ni adds .oar- vous ouvrez’ la porte de .l’antlohambre,
bonlque nioxyde de carbons, qui vi- le beo dlectrique s’ailumera de.lui-mfime
oient 1 atmosphdre, ni' aoide: sulfhydri- toub pdndtrez dans.Ie salon, lea lampes
que, mammon aque, qui altdrent les pein- brlllent. les' canddlabrosijottent des tor¬
tures et les^tissua; elle n’dldve pas la renB de lumidre; vous entroz /dans.votre
tempdraturo de l air et.neproduit pas cette chambre, dans vLotredablnet de travail.'
ohaleursiinoommodeetstlatigantedugaz. ies bees - 's’aUument i'automalique'ment.

, Elle supprime tout danger d'explosion Par cels seul que vous ouvrez la'porte de
et dincendio; ellen’est pas soumise pen- cheque pidoe;.,vous obliges' la lampe 4.
dantles frolds 4:des variations d’dclat Conner de la lumidre. M. Edison est .uni
d^sagrfiables, ni & ces cliangemonsde pros- magicien. *-if»

sion dans la canalisation,- qui rdsultent ‘ L’inveution/ dai physioien aindrieaini
.fle la condensation de oertains oar- nous paralt-. marquer Una idrei nouvellei
bares d’hydrogdne. Elle va. toujours dans les prooddds de l’dolalrage public :
de sa marohe rdgulidro et Impassible, C'est en eflettun Bystdme absolumentl
queUes que soient les intempdries des complet orddidb toutes.ipidoes.et qui per-;
daiaons; que le thermomdtrd desoende met uuo appUoaUon immddiato. il mdrite
au-dessous de zdro, que le vent souffle de fixer,tout partioulidrement; ^attention
en tempdte, seooue les arbres et .les ! < '•

canddlabres, elle donne toujours la mdme \ Les premiers esdais de M Edison n>-i
somme^de lumidre. Elle brflle intone • an m onicnt hT'anndS,t’dcholies expl
milieu de 1 eau aussi bion que dans 1 air. Wencos d’dclairago dleotrlquo de l’avenue
Elle est compldtomont^inaccessible aux ,de l’Opdra et deil'Exposltion de Paris par-
influences extdneures. Que Advantages!: Ivint 4' Edison pendant qu’il faisait-un'

: Vous rentrez chez vous. Aveo‘ le gaz, il .voyage aveb-M.fDraper4itravors>leB moh-
; iaut tourner'le robinet; enflammer une Mtagncs-Rooheuses.lL'inVenteu^'amdrleain:
allumette' et la lumidre so 'fait. 1 Heurtux javait ddj4 une rdputatioh f europ^enfae • 'on
'encore, lorsque par.mdgarde on n’a pas'ljavaifadinird au'Champ-de-Mars sea ap-’

. ‘ . ... -i uj iv.jibi'.il .UiL-iOodi it

I Sns^'rlglfiallt'dHeld^OTl^ld'
hor ’ld '^tdldphone •4' pllo,. , le
quadruples; oto. Pourquoi;* ini i
tin son compagnon ,.trda.dml-
leieh lui-mdme, . pourquoi nia-:
;ous pas aussi le problOme-de-
-par i'dlectrioitdl Edisbh 'tdfld-
ues jours, etp dds son-retour!
dBser de cOtd les tdldpbones et.
iventions en prdparaUon : sa
dtait prise; ■ ILse^mit (4'1'ceu-
Uatemenfi aveo*>les'puisBansi
exdcution .que: los. capitaliatoB,.
Jnia savent meltre 4 da dispo-
lommea'do sdenoo.> •
futvite dressd: il-ne lui conve-
nait paB do rdallser tout bonnement une
lampe dlectrique melllBure queles autres;
Usagissait de trouver une solution com-
pldte do l’dblairage; maohines produc-
u l ? c ^ d,ileolrlolt4 ' CODlinite8Soul ®' , rahies,
distribution 4 domlollo; compteurs;' etc.
J1 fallait en. un mot copier ■ le gaz,
BUivre de tons points le ByBtdme acluel
,ddclalrage,'qui estpassd dans nos 'babi-
,tudes ( llvrer des> bees'de.huit ou.seizo
bougibs comme ; les'beos de-gaz, faire
payer le beo' dlectrique d’aprds la con-
sommation d’dleotrioltd, introduire lalu-.
mldre' dlectrique dan's les maisons pari
des. ipanalisatlons,' .etc.' bref, adopter
{les oomblnaisons'des Coinpaguies de gaz,
{tout on assurant ■ au oonsommatour des
javantagos oertains au -point de vuo dela
{ddpense, des faoilitds d’installaUon et. dei
la beautd deVla Jumidro. En moins de.
deux ans. ce plan qiii eftt paru 4 tout au-.
:tre inexdculable fut cependant suivi dei
point en point et rdaflsd dans toute son'
btendue.

On- ne so fait gudro ici une iddo
.des diffloultds qu’il a fallu vaincre, de la 1
somme inoroyable do- travail qui a dtA
liournl- pendantdos'moist ' on- a expdri-
imentd nuit et jour air 'laboratoire' de!
[Menlo-Park transrormd en : 'usine; on.
compte par ccntaines- de-mille-les es--

^s^^sstssa? a^,itsar' ) s&

table.surexoltdeipar deS entraves.-sans' (rao^ordeient.iest.dtrangld liilldpjouvo'
oesSe renaissantes;!Lm.vention; e3t venue |beauconpi- de ..peine i pour: pqssw.i. les

l^°4l'eu m r e “rdd S uUe Ueffsubitment

eSKSSSi:

toireicompldte.de.Uilempe-EdiBonuu a no jtrds.vif. lTouUo monde ^.w^ougir aiuei,

■ Toutes les recbercbes du physioien; (sousbaotion d’uu-cavrant.jdleetrinue des.
de Menlo-Park sor.aont .'d’abordiicoboen- jflls.de platine. La tempdrpture engendrde'
trdos sur la base du systdme; sur.llinven-. Sdpeud de la rdsfstgnoe iopposde m, cou-'
lion d’un foyer lumineux- vraimont prati- Jrant pendant .son -passage .4 .travers. le
que.AprdBqnelquesbdaitaUons.M.Edison jftl (t).. ■ - ■ . ■ I Jl( ,i ,

admit on prinoipe qu'ilifallaitabandonner, |___;_ .

Jiour un-dolairago domeatique la i lumidre ' (i) u n’eat sans douto nas siinerllu do n,™
par. arc voltaique; trop dure :4 l’oefl et itionnet lci cnquelques.lisnes^tHxrar mdmoira.
ndeessilant l’emploi : de baguettes: del c ls<«i»y«>ia

charbon. . Avoir* 4 mettre -.dans . une. Susmsns cssmulel?:.i» la.forco Olcotro-moWoe
lampe .chaque ..jour one provision-de ba-,
guettes de-charbom est une-.ujdtion du-

pompatiblo 4vec nos habitudes; o’dtaitiem du .cflumitr c'ost lairojco ea vertu.da.

rovenir 4 la mdobe de nos .lampes.aveci

cette aggravation qu’ili dtait ndoessaire.de eat la qaamlW-A’dlootrlque .foumie.dimsi.T.unlte,
laronouvelerrsans oesse. IifallMt iniaginer.

un'beo fourni8sant.dela lumidre 41a fagon. imentalSSrw dsns'le.conduoteu'r eaidsard-a sa
des bees de gaz, sans.qu’il y eat:.iieu de-

poccoperde.l’entretien: do l’appareil. On' | Ohmliflroavd’mathdmatlquani'ent qae i’interi-
est naturellement conduit ainsi-;4. u’a'd- iaiW.d'ixiipourant dtatt proporiionnoltoi la.force
mettre,poufila.solutiondelaquestion,que lt .. pr0 ^ qrl i° n , n | ll ?iL 1 ?if{t':

la lumidre dleotrlquo-produite..par. in-. A ;• t " : ‘■■ -■■■■

candescence, .et non plus, par are vol-: . . i R

talque.i' ;• n • a . - u'. : - Jonlojidoson cOtAafaitvolrnae la quantlW,

! -QU’est-co que la lumidre par ineandes-. te'3?lSiiM U u e .

cen'ce?Il faut se rappeler que tout courant rant.Ma rdsistaneo du circuit .et -au. tetopa;-co
dlectrique traversant un conduoteurmd- “ prlmo 1,11 : '

.taliique dehauffe plus ou moins oe con- ! 1 . •

ducteur, on raison de la -diffioultd qu’if gStoSiim^pOTAdeTrdsIstocrqSi
;dprouve 4 se,frayor'Un cbemin. Le frotte- oppose au passage du courant et do la quauUtd
m.ent, comme onsaitj engendre de-laoha-: d n' r ;v. Ta .

Ileur. L’dleotrioitd, en -ciroulant -dans -lei lleur Urdedela relaUpnpps6eP‘ir Ohm,ouoblieut:

rndtalj'-y renoontreisans'cesse .des.obsta- j • • f- : - . w = l E ; .e- : ’ ’ -

teles4sapropagatlon; elle frotte oontre' o’est-i-dhequolabha^mpngendrde ou.lo.tra-

11 n’oxisto pas de moyen pluB commode sur lea telntes transmlses. On comprend jverre; pour augmenter l’dolat,'on Mfiait |j^e.le-^da toe '

pour transporter brusqucmont sup un faoilement, d’aprds ce qui prdcdde la iombor aurle mdlal. grains igi-alns du

point donnd une grande quantity de cha- ndcessitd absolue d’dlover trfea haul la oharbon pulvdrisd. Au bout de peu de diffleultd, en olTet, do malntenlr le vide
leur. On peut chauffer 4 volontdun fil, un tempdrature, si l’on veut avoir une lu- temps, leplatine dtait mis hors deser- mdmo dans des eapaees. on apparence
mdtal en quelques instans. Tout derate- midro intense et comparable 4 la lumidro vice. ' „ herndtlquement cIos.

rement 4 l’Exposition, devant plusieurs du jour. Le gaz donne une lumidre peu En 1846, un Amdricaln, M. Starr, au- Lea efforts et les-tentatlves do nom-
membres du jury, M. Siemens, de Berlin, intense et jaune rougeltre parce quo la teur d’ouvrages pbilosophiques, obtint de breux invontours . s.elalent sans cesso

en tournissait une ddmonstration remar- tempdrature de la combustion eat relati- Peabody, le grand philanthrope, quelquo heurtds 4 des diraoultdB qui avaiont flni

quable. Il fit passer dans un creuset id- vement peu dlevde. Les lampes 4 aro argont pour construire un lampe 4 Incan- par falre considdrer tonlo solution comme

Iractaireun puissant courant dlectrlque 4 voltalque produlaent une lumidre viola- descenco dans laquclle le platlne dtait impossible. Id, les lampes ne tenaient

traversdes morceaux d’acier. En moins ede, parce que le oharbon qui se bidle romplacd par du charbon au miUeud’un pas le vide; 14, les cnarbonB so brisaient;
de quinze minutes l’acier dtait en fusion est 4 une tempdrature d’envlron 2,000 de- globe de verro vide d’air. Le charbon en ailleurs, lo platlne on 1 iridium fondalt;
etdonnaitunbeaulingotde plusieurs ki- grds. s’dchauffant produisait une belle lumidre, ailleurs encore, les prix de rovient dtalent

logrammes. La quantitd de charbon dd- On dovine aisdment, aprds ces ddtalls, ot comme 11 dtait dans le vide, il ne pou- tropdlovds. . ' ■ ! •

ponBde par la machine gdndratrice du cou- comment on peut produiro de la lumidro valt s’oxyder et par suite so oonsommor. La question endlaitarrivdodcepoint peu

xant fut trouvfie de beaucoup inffiricure par l’mcandeBcenco d’un conducteur Starr installa un candfilabre & 2G lumiftres sallsfaisant, quandM. Edison somltk 1 ceu-

& cello qu’il eftt fitfi nficcsaairo d’employer de l’filectricitfi. II suffit de substituer brus- pour symboliser les 2G Etats de l’Union. vro. Scion son habitude, etcommo pour so
pour fondre directement l’acier. quement fi. un fil un pou gros un fit’ trfis Le oharbon no se consuma pas; fairelamain, 11 commcnga par rfipfitor les

. L’intcnsitfi lumlneuse croit trfes yite dfilifi; le courant fiprouve uno finormo r6- mais des particules charbonneuses, essais de ses devanciers. en les amfilio-
aveo la tempfiralure. G’est un fait curieux Balance qui porte la tempdrature 1,600, entralndes par le courant salissaient rant. II employa. des fils de .platlne, des
que tousles corps solides, quelB qu’ih 1,700,2,000 degrds; la tempdrature s’dlfive le globe de verre et la lampe dtait vite fils d’iridium d’une extrfime finesse pour
solent, commcncent 4 devenir lumineux k d’autant plus haut qne la rdsistance au hors d’usage. augmenter la rdaistance du courant et

la mdmo tempdrature, vers 980 degrdB. passage augmente elle-mfime notablement En 1849, Pietrie remplaga le platine par suite l’dclat de la lumidre. Do gros
Dds qu’une substance dmet un pou de lu- dans un conducteur trds chaud; lo fit par un mdtal ne fondant qu’d une tom* fils amenaient le courant jusqu’d ce che-
midre, on peut fitre certain qu’elle est a mince devient incandescent et dmet’une pdrature encore, plus dlevde, l’iridium. veu mdtallique rould eii hdlice au milieu
une tempdraturo de 1,000 degrdB. Mais en lumidre intense. On peut encore citer les lampes k platine d’une petite sphdre de verre prdalable-

soient, commcncent 4 devenir lumineux k d’autant plus haut que la rdsistance au hors d’uBage. augmenter la rdaistance du courant et

la mdmo tempdrature, verB 980 degrdB. passage augmente elle-mfime notablement En 1849, Pietrie remplaga lo platine par suite l’dclat de la lumidre. Do gros
Dds qu’une aubstance dmet un pou de lu- dans un conducteur trds chaud; lo fit par un mdtal ne fondant qu’d une tom* fils amenaient le courant jasqu’d ce che-
midre, on peut fitre certain qu’elle est a mince devient incandescent et dmet’une pdrature encore, plus dlevde, l’iridium. veu mdtallique rould en hdlice au milieu
une tempdrature de 1,000 degrdB. Mais en lumidre intense. On peut encore citer les lampes & platlne d’une petite sphdre de verre prdalable-

chauffant touioms, l’intenBitd de_la du- Cette lumidre est moins dblouisBante de M. de Changy, b. charbon traltd par ment vidde d’alr pour empficher l’oxyda-
midre saccroltbien plus quo l dldvaUon quo la lumidre qui jaillit entro deux ba- l’eauv rdgale de MM. Grenoer et Staite. tion du mdtal.

degrds; le guettes de charbon rapprochdes; olio Puis, les lampes h incandescence.furent Mais les fits fins fondaient d chaquo
f la “ n ° 4m * el r f°' 8 plus di iumifero qui n’est plus violate, et cite est compost abandonees. En 1873, toutofois, un phy- instant; l’inventeur amdricato les em-

ril I'Xt i0 ^ 0D l miXlaa ' rouges > i aaaBB . et0 - Bieien russe, M. Lody’guine, r^lisa une pSeha do londrc L^

11 y a Wealongtempaquo l'iddeeatve- nouvollo lampe4oharbon rondu inoan- venait trop intense la spiralo onsodl-

dSs ortnee - 4^ 300 deS ianne^i nu0 ^ 1 utdisor; seulement, l’aro voltai- descent dans le vide; olle fut app'ortiSe en latant, louehalt ligdremont un pollt bu-

. e 5 r A 8 ’, ,a ?i^:.. quo donnant beaucoup plus delumibre FranoeparM,Kosloff(2).En 1874,ollovalul toir par leauol s’dXn^itrexeJs do enu¬

re, on ne pensait pas 4 son invonteur ur
e’en servir; de pluB, Sciences de Sab
ux pouvent atteindre micro que nous !
s temperatures sufff- tr6a belle; malhs
•e une lumiCre intense, d’attaclio entro lei

tS7,s.Sf.s5.K;r5; s* rsirlsr« b !

l X “ Waaot ?' La “ s sntes pour^ImeUre une^uiSSe intenro! au C?^ 8 ! 81 "' M al ^»reusemeut,

chaud exereeanssr une eertaino influence Le platine seulement on les mdtanx qui et les ffls de platine qui lour apportS eence le nkuip, 0 °T •‘T 8 diB< Tf e “'

- -J__— 1 accompagnent dans seB minerals, pou- le courant se rompaient sans eesso It ); ®“ oe ’ , , p ," ne sal) i8saU une moditloa-

vait6treemploy6 et encore, si.le cou- lnmi4re eotlUlt^cher ^ .torn mtfMmWro et s 6 brlsal^ lorsqu’on

vSo’ncl enirala PM°T,'rOTor- rant 6tait mal i4 b1*i il fondait et 4 la lu- Nouvelles tentatives en irt- faiaait passer,do nouveau le courant.

U<mnello(iia{SiAa-«ii«rtSi4 produfto ot4 miCro succiSdait brusquement l'obacurite. M. Konn, on 1876* par M Bouhnulne Le platlne eat allid dans bob minerals

D l s . 1841 - ua A-nglaia.M. de Moleyns, et par M. Sawyer ™l 4d autres mdtanx: Id pallaiUnm, le rbb-

trayalftst proporilonnel a““oSSne dsnlte ot a oomhvna une lampe aveo spirale de pla- ■ _ y ^ ' ll0a l 1 Mlum, l'osmliim, le ruthdnium.

b prwtton w hanlaar de drain. ^ da ” 8 ^ Ut globB ^ ~ u,mo XV. ' ^s^rboS

del4 encore de ce ddgrd dij4. exces-
sif. Edison voulut les soumottre 4 l’d-
preuvo; partonj ailleurs . on n'aurait
pas mfime ou la penaSo d'ossayer. Cob
pdtaux sont d’une tcllo raretd qu’on^ ne
peutgudreB’en procurer, mdmodprlxd’or;
maiB au laboratolre dd Menlo-Park, 11
faut bon grd raal grd pouBBer les investi¬
gations 4 fond, pour dviter de passer 4
cOtd d’uno solution possible. II y a 14 des
collaboratours ddvoud3 en aussi grand
nombre qn'll lo faut, ot les capitaqx nd-
ceBsaireB pour no reouler dovant aucune
ddponBe; o’esl la plus colossale « usine 4
Inventions » quo l’on puisso imaginer.
M. Edison tenait 4 ces mdtaux. II n’en
exists pas dans le commerce; 11 dcrivit
pour obtenir urn dohantillon de rho¬
dium au plus illustre gdologue des Elats-
Unis. Colui-ci lui rdpondit, sous uno
forme qui laissait dovioer l'ironic, qu'illui
en transmeltrait bien volonliers pour des
milliers do lampes, mais qu’il n’en exis-
tait mfime pas un quart de grammo aux
Etats-Unis. ’ . ' :

Edison ddpdoha immddiatement un de
sea aides dans la Carolina du Nord, ob l’on
avail ddj4 ddcouvert au milieu de pdpites
d'or quelques minerals do platine, aveo
l’ordre de rapporter coftto quo cofltc plu¬
sieurs kilogrammes do rhodium, d’os-
mium, etc. Cinquanle ouvriers sonddront
lo sol, on lour laissait l'orjet ou no lour
prenait quo les minerals do platine. Deux
mois plus tard, Edison avail 4 Menlo-
Parkplusieurs kilogrammes de rhodium. II
s’ompressa d’en envoyer un kilogrammo
au plus illustre gdologue des Etats-Unis. j
La devise est celle-ci 4 Menlo-Park :
» On pout co qu’on veut. »

Lo rhodium cepbndantno fit pas l’adaire
plus qne le platine; il so ddsagrdgeait
anssl sous l'inflaenco des hautes tempe¬
ratures. Alors on essaya do reoouvrir les
fils > d’oxydes mdtalliques pour diminuer
les pertes de chaleur par le rayonnoment
ot pour voir si, aveo cot abri oxtdriour,

les ills se ddsagrdgeraient moins vite. On
ddposa 4 leur'surface des endults d’oxydes
mdtalliques, de la magodsie, de la ebaux,
etc. Mfimes insuccds.

Il parut evident que 1’on n’aboutirait
pas dans cette voie. Lepasse dtait liquidd,
on pouvalt allor en avant d’un pas cer¬
tain. Pourquoi lo platlne se ddsagrd-
gcait-il ? Il iallait rcmonlcr 4 la cause.
Edison, en physiciim habile, rccoonut
que lo platine, comme’ d’ailleurs la plu-
part des, mdtaux, renferme dans ses
pores de l’oxygdne et meme d'autres
gaz (3). Une tempdrature dlevdo et pro-
longde au milieu du vide chasse les gaz
de la mas3e. Quand on emploio lo platine
qui n'a pas did ddbarrassd de ses gaz, la
obaleur les fait luir, maiR lls reviennent
pendant lo refroidlsscment et ce mouve-
ment de va-et-vient altdre le mdtal. Le
platlne purifld do ses gaz et lesautres md¬
taux d’ailleurs acquldreut des proprid-
tds toutes nouvelles. Le platine notam-
ment, qui est un mdtal mou, devient dur
et elaslique commeTaoier. Cette ddcou-
rerte trds importante permit 4 Edison de
rdaliser une prpmidre lampe a incandes¬
cence, brillant d’un grand dclat et durant
do trds longues heures.

On devient difficile ponr soi-m6mo
qu'aud la rdussitc couronne les premiers
efforts. M. Edison so demanda si, en trai-
tant le charbon comme un mdtal, on no
parvlendrait pas 4 lui transmeltro anssi
des qualitds exccptionnellcs de dureld
et d'dlaslicitd. Dans" ce cas, le pro-
bldme so simplifierait : un fil de char¬
bon prdsenterait' de trds grands .-wan¬
tages sur un fil mdtallique. Le prix de
rovient mis do cOtd, le oharbon pos-
sdde 4 tempdraturo dgalo un pouvoir
rayonnant de la lumidro pins grand quo

tudo. 0 I| 0 OBt C biou dimonfrd D auj r ourdMiul "quo* les

lo platine; la capacltdilaUirlfique' duchar-1
1)00,1 r,c’est-4-diro' 8on>'pouvoir :de .s’d-i
chauffer.pour 'atteindrq\le ’ mdine ,do-
grdde tpmpdraturb," estv^auboud inpin-;'
dro, do ,'telie 'Bbr'te jua mmSma; quaif 1
titd'de o'Sloriquei.dldve .le'cHarbon: & one
tempdratureplusdlevde.qu’ellnu’dldver'alt
la platine. Dono inoiridr'e ddpense' d’dleo 1 '
trioild pour la mfima lumidre. Do;plus, la
rdaistance qu’oppose'le charbon au 'pas-
riage du oourant eat enyiron 2B0 foia cello
du platine. Dorie encore on- peut dlevcr de
deohbfld tempdrature, o’est-d^dlrel’dclatl
Enfiri lo platine prdaente Tinc'onvdnierit
<i r - fondre facilement. Le’ charbon est In-
luiible aux plua liautes temperatures'
li'mnuep. .■ ' . .

' 11 ri’eri fallait pas davantager.poupique.
linventeur amdricain commemjit donou-
velles recherches. Mai's -edmment pb-
tenir un filament de oharbon ,'ausBl, ddli'd
et auaai rdsistant que du . platine; .‘assez
ductile pour Gtre courbd Bur lui-mdme ? On
prit ’du-graphite:,' 'on; le^ >n61a-i ,du
goudrori; 'bn iritroduisit r let '‘iridlarige
dans un canon-de fusil, et l'on chauffa
k l'abri de l'air. lie oharbon produit ainai
dtait trd8, malldable, mais.se ddcoupaill
mal. On raconte qri’un'jburj !en allu-
mant sa cigarette avec.du papier cnrbuld,
Edison remarqua quo le papier, ddbar-
rassdde hcb cendres, produisit an fila¬
ment de charbon assez.rdsistant. II ,’erit
l’idde d’expdrimenterdu papier carbonisd.
H cBsaya mdthodiquement de loua lea pa-
piers possibles; il'en fabriquamdme avec
des inatidres Bpdoiales, notammentavee un
coton Boyeux que l’on rdcolto dana cer-
tainesiles, prds de Charleston. Le char¬
bon vegetal obtenu aveb ce papier eat
trds homogSne. et .aaaez rigide. Ddbar-
rassd comme le platine dea gaz‘ contends
dans : sa masse, il acquiert de l'eiaslicite
et: do la tdriacild. Cependant,'.'quand le
courant pasBait, il arrivait souvent que'i
l’dclat do la lumidre variait; l’inoandes-
benoe'manqualt de fixite., '

1

iridgal;' icii.'le:fllambnt'eBt plusddnse; Jld
'plus blalrsemd/souvent les • fibres ’ sont 1
ebupdes; aussl.IebburanVtraVerdaitindga;;
jl&oent’ lea diffdreriteS' portions ’du.ohar-
:bon; la fdsistance charigeait; 4 trayers la
l&ass'b; la lundfe-e 'devait' .mariquer d’bo!-'
mogeneite; Conclusionlabaridonrierle pa¬
pier et toutfeutragb’artlflclellement ob-
'ttlnu et adopter sane hesitation'dea fibres
naturellca oh le travail, en quelquo sorte
gdomdtrique do la nature, fabriquo (
tissue rdgullers et d’une contexture abi
lumcnt symdtrique. , ;

Onsomit on qudto deVloutos les ease
ces de bois, de toutos les dcorceB que l’on
'put rdunir; "on ” envoys' des' 'exprds • eri,
Chine, au Japon, auX Indca, au Brdsil. 1
Un botanlste de valeur, M. Sdgador, ex¬
plore le bud dea Etata-Unis,; il arrivait &
la Havana quand il fut emporte' par la 116-
Vre jaune. Un autre prit sa place. Ces ex- |
'peditions, pousadea vigourouaement et
comma'de vive force pour trouveraim-
plbment dea dooroes & carboniser conve-
nables, semblcnt appartcnir. au roman;
elles sont trds rdellcs eppondant ot don-
nent fort bien la mesure de l’dnergie dd-
plbyde par 'l’invcnteur amdricain. Il lo
iaut! So head] ;

Dea monceaux de bois; do plantes en-
combrdrent bientOt lo laboratoire do
Mqnlo-Park. Les premidrea experiences
firent dcarter beaucoup d’esaences, et par
eliminations auccesaivea, on finitpar con-
aiddrer comme parfaite la fibre du bam-
bou. M. Moose partit pour la Chine avec
la mission dc rapporter tous les speci¬
mens de bambou qu’on a l’habltudo de
travalller. il en fit une collection consi¬
derable, et Edison, aprda de hombreux es-
sais; donna la preference & une eapdee
particiilidre de bambou du Japon. Sa fi¬
bre eat oxtrdmement rdgulidre. et se dd-
coupe facllement.* On voit a rExposltion,

iPdri.encbfc 1 ? et 1 iiSi, fUaBtena:' 4618’ Us 4® J J
coupdB avant tffltrei.oarboniads. Ce - sont
des'm'adhlnes |ijuiiddc(>Wl? n .6 n .t: 1® i
bon; ddtabhMitUeB^bres et, lea enldvent

,;bur' : une i ep8isbdtir‘convenable,-aveo une
rdgularitdj uneidextirlte inervollleuBe.

-'-Ed geri#ral,"ppur i lw ■ appUoaUona cou-1
ranies, . le filani'ent feesure 1/S de millt-
mdtro d’dpaiBScur : a\ir 12 millimdtrea do
largenr. : .n';eat recourbd sdr lui r mdme de
manldro i prondre la forme d’un U. trdB
allongd. On intrqdult, onauite ddUcato-
.merit ce flla!ueiit ;.c6rirbe dans' un petit
oreuaet do for; on,l’prigago;dana une iral-
ririre qrii dppuafe'sa .’forme. On Imet;alnai
les filamens par.mUl^ersV dans, ces.sortes
dd petites boitbs en fer; on empilo’lea
oreusets.lealpns.sur. les laulres au milieu
d’un four. La rparboriisatipn est vite ob-
tonue ; on-retire les*- oreuaeta du feu, pt
quand its se sont;jrefroldis, on trouvedans
oha'que ralriure,’ ilapjafee dps.filaihpnS do;
bambou, un fil de oharbon .vdgdtal extrfl-
memerit solide;ldur'et 'd’une flhesae' , re-
marquable ;'lo fllain’ent S’eat rdduit .i la!
grosseur . d’up orln' de cheval.'

. Il faut proedder cnaulto k la,mise en.
place du Si de eh’arbbu dans le globe de
vorre. La formcleri courbe allongdo' du
condnoteur .Vo'arboniad in al ddtermind la
s similaire du gfobe trsmaparent. C’est

- ; exaptemeritcqinma.a8p.oot quo poire,

ou sil’ori^eurun.tube'evba'e.terinlne par
une portion apbdrique.

.Deux fils de-platfrio destlnda k feira.en-1
trer le courant dans la lampe aorit empl-
tda dans un.tube de verre; ils sont dlec-
trlquement rellds au ill-do charbon par
deux petits ddpdls obtenua. galvaniquo-
ment et de. section:'relatlvement large
pour que le courant r -.enpassant, ne lea;
dohanfre.pa8^eaucoup;;;cettediepo8iUon.
irigdriieusP'dvite’les rdptureS qrii'lae pro- •
duiaalent.jusqn’ioi !aux points d’attaohi
dn charbou . et dea-iHa’de platine, et lea

dilatations:sontiasaez jrdduites’pour quo 1
•tbut le' syBtdmo conserve '■ Ba boliditd.'Le
tpbe-aupport;dea fils etdu charbon est iri-
tpoduit aprdB coup dans la. poire eri
verre, ’soulllde k part., ,0n soude tnbe et
glqbq, et la lampe eat prdte i dtra vldde
d’air. Hour cela, on a lalasd un orifice arir
lo Bommet du petit globe. On fixe cet ori-
flee sur une pompe & mercrire deatinde k
enlever l’air.

Au ddbnt, M. Edison employa lea' pom-
— "—ou Springeld dans leaquellea
• l’air d"

__lul et fait lo vide dorridre. On peut

pousser ainai la rardfactlon trds loin. On
veraait le mercure k la main dana l’appa-
reil; manipulation'pdnible ct dangereuso
qui amena uno intoxication merourielfe
grave chcz plusieurs dea aides de M. Edi¬
son et chez M. Edison lui-mdme. MM. Bat¬
chelor et Moses, les deux collaborateurs
trds habllea du physician amdrlcaln',
nous disalent dernldrement, qu’il avail
falln travaillor pendant tout un hiver 4
lajempdrature do 80 degrds au. mi¬
lieu d'nne atmosphdre saturdo de va-
peurs „de meroure. Edison' modifia les
pompea, lea simplifia et paryint d .se
mettro'd l’abri dea dmarialioris mercu-
rlelles. Tout so fait! aujourd’hui !com-
moddment; indnstriellement. Plua de
800 p'ompes travaillent automatiquempnt,
regulidrement, produisant le vide le plus
parfait qui. ait dtd encore obtenu; 11 est
trds supdrieur en effet k celui que donne
la mefileure machine pneumatique. Une
lampe.vidde d’air aveo la machine.!pneur
matique a deux' foia* moiris 'd’dclat que
lorsquelle eat vidde par la pompe Edison.

Pendant que la pompe retire l'air, on fait
passerlecourantdanslescharbonspourlcs
porter k l'incandescence et chasser les gaz
qui pourraient reater emprisonnds dans
leurs pore's.; Ces gaz aont enlevds aveo
l’air. Celte opdration^a pour but, oomme
nous l’avons dit, de communiquer u— - 1
aistancei; qne aplidild et-une-homog

coruiiddrabies an filament charbonneux.
Autremeritjil ne .aupportejiait quo peu do
temps ■ l’incandeacenoe. Le oharbon. de-
vient rigide'pt ' teriace comme ' uri' fll do
platine. Nous avons jetd plusieurs 1am-
pes d terra eana'les briser:... Verre et fil
rdststent k un choc aaaez grand. Il faut
que la lairipe tombe du cOtd de son sup-1
port en .ydrre, pour que le charbon:se 1
rompe au point de'contact aveo les'fils de
platine. '- ' "

. Le vide bien fait, on feme l’orifice dri
globe i la flamme et l’on suspend le pas¬
sage du courant,..La .lampe est prdte 4
tonclionner.

A Menlo-Park, maintenant, les ate-
..Brs de fabrication, sont eri pleirie ao-
tiyltd. Unq soixantaine d’ouvriers prd^.
parentsans reldche jusqu'4. 2,000 lampes
par iour.,Ladurde ducharbon n'est paa;
illlmitde; il suhit 4 la longue upe sorte
de cristallisation, qni amdne encore sa
rupture iristanlande; mais en moyennei,
un fil deco oharbon vdgdtal pent aervir
idant 1,000 ou' 1,200 heures: A;S heu T
d’dclairage par jour, la indmelampe
peut dono fonctionner pendant une
moyenne de 6 4,7. mois. Or, ello revient
4 peu prds 41 fir. 60 o. Quand elle est
risdej on en est quitte pour'la remplacer,
comme en ce moment on remplace. les
verres de lampe. On ddpense bien plus'
do verres par ari qu’on ne ddpensera de
lampes'I , ■

Le oharbori en forme de fer 4 cheval
trds allongd dolalre dans toutes les direq^
lions'; on' peut par "contdquent' dlBposdr!
la lampe par-sori gros -bout ou : par aa
pointe; peu importq; elle est hermdtique-
ment closo ct par consdquentperit brfiler
dans l’eau, dans dea atmosphdres vicldes;
dans lea mines 4 grisou, etc. La quantitd
de iomidre engendrde ddpond tlu .’courant
et dri- fil de charbon; il y a avantage 4 ne
pari augmenter outre mesure l’iricandes-
ccnce du fll; on pent lui donner un dclat

;, mais i’mil-es.t blessd-qt.lal

jdurde du fll est dimiriudo. if!'' -Edison

g ! -"mbind'Ies sections des fils. et ; la~force;

courant, de faqori que 'ch'aque'! petit;
B.ob'o donne une interisitd lumirieuse 4 lax. 1
■quelle nous, soyoris ddj4 JttM^ds.',,H- a';
jprisjpour'type', comme lorijorirs, l’dclai-’
■ragqau gaz. Lea lampes donneqt 8! ou itiV
ibougieB, c;est-4-dlre 1 on 2' bees Carcel
>ldu typerdgleirientaireV 'C’est sufflsant. Lai
luinidre est bonne et la' tompdrature: do 1 ,
l'incandescence 1 pouss'de seuldmerit jus-.;
qu’arix radiations blano jaune;.comme !
teinte, o'estpresquoletondesbecsdo gaz.

Au dernier easaidel’Opdra, on aurait pu del
.prime.abord confondre les deux lumidrcs.!!
Acfltd des foyers dlectriques par are vol-
talque, les nouvellea lampes semblent .
;dmattro par contrasts urie lumidre jaune. ,
Autant l'aro voltaiquo jette des teintes bla- p
ifardes sur les qbjets,’autant les lampes 4‘ “
'incandescence projettent une lumidre do- ;
,rde>, agrdable aux regards. Lespromeneurs
exposds au rayonnement de l’arc prdsen:
tent une p41eur excessive: le visage eat
livide. Cet inconvdnierit/diBparalt absolu-;
ment avec les radiations dmiaes par l’in-,;
candescence:

\ - Telle estv la- nouvelle lampe. Il *ne :
aniDfpas d’avoir fnventd. uni bon foyer
luriiiueux. A de tares exceptions, prds,:
personne pour le plaisir de s’dclairer 4
la lumidro dlcctrique ne s’amrisera 4 .ins¬
taller dans samaison des machines 4 va¬
pour ou 4 gaz,' des riiaohines dynamo-'
dlectriques, etc. Il fallait encore ici se rap-
prooher du giz, dtudier les prix de revient, ;
combiner une canalisation pour les rues/
une distribution 4 domicile, etc.; pro-
bldme complexe s’il en fut jamais. Nous
dirons dans un prochain artiole par quels
moyens M. Edison est parvenu. au but,
comment cette foia encore il a rdalisd sea *-
projets, et fait passer ce qui hier encore
orit dtd qualifld de rdverie, dans le do-:,
maine des rdalitds 1 •

Henri uk Parvills.

jr

exposition DfitECTMcrrE'd

' "j ;■' /"II.' .-’• >

Nous aVonS'aScrltJa-lainp'o' He’Vfi Edl-i
son. Uno lamps, si'oxodilenlo ijii'elle- soft/1
no cobslituc pas 4 elleseulq un-systemr
complet d’bclairagfe j'cbn'esf qii’ninoueigd
cssenliel dans l'Cnsemble. On'no ntet'.pagi
d’61ectricitb dans tiuolampo comme od y
met do 1’huile. La production bconomique
de Tblectricitb exigeant des machinesen-
combrantcs,' il est evident quo pourfafre
pbndlrer lenouvcrbclairage dans les-mat-
sons, il est de toato ndoessitd' do'.-le
rcridre 'commo'de'iet' d’obligcr' les'cou-
rdns: blectriques : 4' venir d'enx-mbmes
dans les lampes, oomme ence-momenl'le'
gaz arrivo' jusqu’aux beos. 'M. Edison'a
rdsolu co probldme, ct nous allons ossayor
d'expliquor sommairoment cotamenfil
fabriquo l’dleolricitd par grandes qddnti-
tds, la canalise et la distribuo 4'domicile.'
Nous ne saurions' trop rdpdler quo rioub'
ne ddcrivoris pas ici les'ddtails d'un’sinit
plo projet plus ou moins aujet- A'cautiouY
mais bion un-systems exdodld ct Jirei i

ireilairdaiisSs; pMts’ &'dtre'pbs'bs, dabs lat
| aalld'EMsbh? an'Palais‘des ; Gtiatttps*'Elya

Ws 1 '® V: 1 . . r ' : - a'w

; j

■UOn qnird • l 8 s"a 6 n 3 uoleurs'i‘" bmpCpiierip-

lj ‘ -Le'raccord -eiilre les • oonduites -de-la-
ri J° ®t le tuyau d’acods des ‘maisons s’o-
ipdre r do; la. mdme'manidre 4 Iriivets uno
iis _ ;iL.-"*lr, 01 to_ dgaletaent munio do la^lamo : dd'
PPttr plub do edbu4 1
jrlM. Enfld'les'eohdti'etdurs parlioulicrsdc

----- ■tra®> , eK.'va'"s6us

‘ ^ aUl Vi SUi-

|venl l IB4.-' T arlbrca prinoipalbs; ! sdr di
ipremler rdsoauf on grbfle 1 des tuyaux'de.i
moindre diambtrb qui : lbngent ; 'les ;/ rt'eii l

I trAnsversale's ‘-et 'enfla’ s'ur-chaoiin 1 d’eux I
on nranbbe’des' tuyaind %itcoi;e plus petlta-
jqul dbnnent ffcijis' an gazdanHohaque inai-,

son.-O’ost ce'mode de' ; ban'allsallbn :i qul a !

jssw^tssgw.-s 1 *;^

i ‘.'®f ,i j 1 ? s S' 0 ®' uain «.' : o«n'faio'^paricht-'dei’
iconduitos'maU'reBses'' qui'-fodt'raybnnei'j
.dans toutea ISa raesiSes cdnduHes secou-
daires, sur lesquellesso' greffent 4 lenr
itour les conduoteiirs de petite section
'qui pdndtrent 4 domicile. En 'apparenoe’j
l!L e ,!u, 0n l U “? s pbur l’dleolrlbltd-sout serin-
iblables aoeUos -dri ghz.h’cBl&jirSs'qiie leW
iidiamdtre'dsl extrbtnement rCduit ties plus
•grasses ne ddpassont pas : le diamitre dd
!bras.>-Ce<sont audsi des' tuyaux.'mais'dcS 1
' tuyadx quVau lieU d'etre Preux, renter^
ment deux tiges do ciiWr'e pur domt-oy-
lindnquos, o’eat-4-dire plates d’un c6te,
rondes de l’autre; si l’on rout, une tlge
oylindriqud/ 'sciCe jjah’ le ' milieu'dais
toutenalphguenf/fces’deux' trltigle's pyM ; :
lftles qul so prolbngont 4 travers to^te'la
canalisation sont empllies dans t«* mas/
tlc -isoldnt 'de compisilion - ^ AWati ,vlV
'pent reinplaocr 'la gulta-pej

oSWftM bont’arqiSfl >ras jjrbs mfflo 'lb'
mbdiuin do la^main; los'conduotcurs d’t
obs dans ! 'le4 tnaisbns, 1 oomme ;le pe...
doigt. Les raboordsChtre les oonduotenrs
de'diverses'SSdttoift'b'bpebbttt foiollbmeht;
ATohaqUe orolBemint" dB '’rdfej ldar luyaux
penitrentidkndiirie boIto irilorpoBbo dans
Ht%a‘nalls4UoiS'ti J e9. trihglBs''de 1 Cuivro'
s'y- • mbntfttft'n"‘nlf a adnS* VldWrlburJ
[[On rello- par^bliciHtfcbB 'metaiuqdbs ! le
d alter au- [conddbtbur 'siml-
* , 6btfadlte’ ; WaUreBse'(: et 'de

ibomblbguodelif dquaiflle ;% p!-rembrin-
IjOhement est fait;-ponierolsda liaisonn’est

pas direbte; ell* bst^Malise’c potir les'
fdedx'obndublbuta A'rnTiXtfViti.

une lame de ploniKIl’poarralt'sur venir
I eOet quo; pouf 'nUa cdusb'ou pour u...
lautre,' ICboiirktit eiectrique lransmla de
1 dslbe- acqult bradquemebt ime intobsite
cxsoplionnellef. Cette’inteiisltS serait snf-
;fldanta;'pour Blbver-donsiddrablement Id
itemperature-d'nne •portion- des'eonduo-
toftill^^iitar'aswjiJttieir-'-ltitjniajre- 'Iso-
;lahte et »urtqur'pon r ;touglr par contra*
'm 01 Jfnn«' Qt ? '^.^“mnnication dans les
si ' c ® H '®!» a sb'tVonfalent prbs de
inoendie se-

Dan‘if. n « d0a !®^'“’,Ed* 8 on'a pensB 4 tout.

IT ... . ‘

Irlqiiequi so produi ’ toujodrs' quand -bri
rtd^t 4’de-tlmpid»' rotipl-lebduraht.- " - • "

nls'isoles pdr dncolon point 4 la oeriiso - ’ ' rf

! et qul rayonnont 'dads 'tons les iappari D ^ n ®v I ? , sa,1 ° Edison,.,po,.mttoneil
tec4ens. ' * <»«"* ■

;tec4ens.

' Les lSiftpes''sont disposdes'sur des lus-'
'Ires, sur des candilabres, sur des appli-
Iqnes mobiles, snr'des chandeliers. Dans
tousles casi'leur liaison avoo les ills est
tbnjour3 ''rBilisde 'par lo mfimo mbyeri. 1
L’extr.emitd, du globe do verro est lutdo
avco du pl4tre dans une sortod’anneau 4
deux viroles do onlvrb. Un dos'His est en
communrbation -avec une‘ des viroles ; et
■le second-ill reU6 4 l'autro virolbparfaile-
teent isolde de la premiire; on retrouvd
.encore ici 4 l’intirieur do l’annc
enpport-un ill de ploihb qui sert

.'trait, d’unibn entre lc fll d'acobs du c_

rant cl la virole qui Btablit la comraunl-
calibn avec le fit- de la- Inmpo. En casdo
jbesoln, cn fpndant, il couperait le circuit
ot 'Cmp6oherait le courant do ddtdriorer la
lampe ou son support par sa trop grande
intonsitb. Cheque branche d'un lustre on
chaquo bras d'applique porte une clci
analogue au robinet do gaz. Quand on
'fait tournbr la clef, les contacts s’dtablis-
sent eritro les fils de Ia lainpe et les ills
du circuit souterraln et la lumibre brille.
La manoeuvre inverse rompt'touto coni-
munibation et blcint la lampe." Plus de
'courant dans 1'app'artcmenL ptus do lu-
'mlbro, ' ’ .

V?.®.?; 1 ®? “®‘ails; aveo'oettd-'diilbrence'ts-1 diiclionae'l’blectrieilb.'la’ra'a'bBinekVapcur

senitielle ioi'qUbV le'robinbt fermb.Me-'gaz
reste-tobjodrs' dans les Hyatt* prflt .4's’b-1
ohappeb' bt "4 prddtiire-des explosions.
L’bleotritb no circule .plus,- la clef rermbe;
et d'aillburs si elle circulait elle'-ne pour-
bait hmener auotin accident. La clef-‘est
cbnlqiib’et' 4 large' surface de faboh 'i'at-
tbnuer l'effet'de Id-petite''dtinbeite'-bleo- j

appliqud 4 deux grpnds'lustres.4 orislaux
et.4 80,byas; insta]!d9;.lo dong 'des iniifs.
100 lampes brillont to'us los. sdirs; " '

Le nombre des lampes. sera -augmeDlb
dans quelques . jours; on doit placer on
nouveau lustre de 144 lampes, des candb-
labres do-25 lampes i et. des,;girandoles 4
4 lampes sur le palier du grand fescalier;
Plusieurs expositions :durez-de-phaassbe
sont bclairbes aussi aveo des lampes,Edi-

VoiI4 succinctement pour, la banallsa-
. on ef la distribution 4 domicile.' -11 est
suporflu d’ajoutcr que les dimensions re¬
latives des condUctours sont dbterminbes
’par le oalcul. Le diambtro des bonduc-
teurs 4 grosse section dbpend de -la lon¬
gueur de la canalisation totalb, et les dia-
mbtres des conducteurs secondaires sent
eux- mb'mes ilxbs d’aprbs la grosseur de la
condulte prineipalo. Tout se tient. Comade
do canalisation estbvidemment plua sim¬
ple quoCelui du gaz.' Lc3 tuyaux- - exi¬
gent plus pour lour pose de profondes
tra'nchSes; on peut'les btablir dansdesi
,bgouts‘bu dans descaniveaux on' bordurc
■des trottoirs. ' i'" «'-;•{•

QUelques lignes maiutenant; sunl'usine I
.bentrale. Nousy'retrouverons nbceasaire-J

, ---, : rs’'Ma’bb'loS AVappur

et la machine Uynamo-bleotrique: 4 Toiit'e^
fols. U.'Edisbn a mis sur I’ensemblBfda
syslbnio sa griffb personhelleVll a'bombffi'b
un typo nojiveau'4 rbndenibrit coASlddrq'-
ble, approprib’ aux ; 'condlti'oDs''8pbci41es
du fonctionnemont"simullaiib d’un - trba
grand hombrb’do lampes. Gliaqlie gbiif-
fateurde couranV'doif btro'itfiodiiib diloA
le rOlc qu’il doit jou'er. Legbn'bthfonrpbiir
lagalvanbpIastio'U'est'jias cohibinS ooninie'

Id gbnbrateur. iibur la lumibre; et' celuiici
lui-mbnle change s’ii s’agit db-lumib're'par
arc ou p4r ’incandescence. En- gbnb'ral;
les machines' dynamo-dleclriques avafent
btb construites 'jus'qu’iei "Ippar''al'iffienier
un ou quelques foyers; or,'dans -rap'plii
cation; actuelle,'' elles spht -'dostinbesl 4
fournir "de rblebtricilb' 4 des ceulaines'da
lampes; ll fallait'dond un-’dikpOsltif par-
tlbiilier: Nona avons dbBnf'au'cbmmence-
m’eht dd ces btudes une ma'cliiUC d^uarntf-
ble’etrlque': « une bobine "de illtf-iSiblaine
! ques tournant sans cbntact devant 1 jes
pOled d’un" aiinant ou 1 'd’lin bleelrp;
aimant. »"'L’iniluence' de 'Vaimant '-bne
gendre dans le Ill de -la boblne 'pendant
son mouvement des 'ooU'rans" dlbclHcnieB
que l'on recueille. Si le fil'dd la ! boblBe
est gros ct court, les courans -engendrbs
out' peu dp .tension s’ils so.nt„iiln8.,„et .
longs, les'courans, ont. beaucpup .de ten-,
sibn. Pour aliihenter des lampes '4 incan¬
descence; il r est indiApensabloj aQa dejse
rnettre dans'de bonnes conditions de rcu-
;dement, dp ne se servir que de cuuraiu; 4
Ifaible tension (t)-. 'LmA -lj.. E§son^^^-

(lj 11 Importer'en eilet, quo'la rbaiitancpi lntb-
leuro qu'otlro la machine au passage du;courant
Inns ads spires soll:illinlnu 4 o auUmt; , quo, possl-
>'» '1 faut done des Ills 4 largo section. En euel
iv designs'par't !.Y.r 4 ai»tancs d'unorlattipo '4
idescnncopiiet" par'iH'- le, uombre. eoarlam-

dans -son gAnArateur d’AlectricitA, j
qu’4 remplacer ,les gros fils qu’il fal
employer par dos barres, (lea diges „
euivrepur.dp large section. La bobiuu
tournanto est du gonre Siemens, c’est-4-
dire que les Bis sont enroulAs en long

comma sur uue navelte. r

^ A la place de chaque brln longitudinal
de Hi, on a mis une barro reliAe au bout
de la navotto 4 la barre qul lui corres¬
pond sur I'autre cOtA par un • disquo de
cuivre ; les barres sont groupAes parallA-
lement tout autourdu oylindre 7 nayette et
viennent s’enoastrer,. paire parpaire, dans
ieurs disques. respectib sAparAs Alectri-
qnement les tins des autres au moyeii de
rondelles de mica (2).i . . , , . J

i La oylindre porteur des liges tourno
entre les pAles .d’un puissant Alectro-afr
mant vertical, trAs massif. On aura 1’idAe
de la machme.ea imaginant uni petit cy-
lindro tournant qntro les deux branches
dlpn diapason retournd. La rdaction des
pole3 sur.les barres engendre le courant
qmest recueilU etenvoyA dans la cana¬
lisation. Aioutons en passant que le con-1

sur to courant gdndral.

. Tel est le' type primiilt quLfonciioune
i,l!Exposllion.. Une locomobile actionno
detio,machine qul-surflt .pour allumor W10
lampos. Lo typo industriol, celui qui n’est
i instalid au-Palais,.que depuis qpelques
jours,- eat un peu diffdrent. Lea deux"
grosses colonnes de for inaqsif qul formonf
les branches de l'dlectro-almant sont pla¬
ces horizontalcmcntct la bobine ii.Uges
parqUdles tottrne enlra. Ieurs. extrdmilds
polaires. He plus, la transmission par pou-
liesj courroics, absprbantdo la force inuti-
leinent, la machine 4 vapeur est installde
stir le mdme socle quo Pdlectro-almahlet
Clio' actlonne direotempnt ,1a :bobine. Co
type , ' 1 - 1 -uiiiUfcU-

.. . trds compact, vdrltafiie Machine
'usiue, alimcnld ,de vapour’.par une
ohaudldro dconomiquo du type Bablox
Wilson oncoro inconnu-on Europe, peut
fournir, en ddpensant IMchevaux, assez
d’dleotricitd pour aliumer 2j400 lampes
de 8 bougies 4 lafois ou 1,200 lampes do
10 bouaieB. II a did conalniit timir rdclnt.

in ddrivalion

-5 l 9'a'a'mm5w t lsnrffianM-dwr'

bougies. II a did construit pour l’Aclat-
rage de la ville de New-York.

On. installs, en. eflet, en ce moment, la
oanalisation- soulerraino ,-qui permeltra
d'Uluminor aveo lee lampes Edison,tout un
quarlter de la .grande -ville, amdricaino.
Le travail est bienlOt ..termiud, ,.-c‘ "
se sont ddj4 fait insorire __
la Compagnio amdricaino;

la **«M»ace tautocstdl- vau
oo co cuof. qu ,

On -pent voir 4 l’ExposUion lo plan
L'onBemble, qui a AtA.arrAlA par -M.. Edi¬
son-, poor l'doiairage du,quartier, eompris
entre Wall street, la grande artoro.com-
®“ cla ‘ a -, 4 ? ;NewrY°rk, ,jot le.qusi du,
.Sudy--qul fait taco au port. Ce grand '
quadrilalfcro -,-a , environ - un- -kilomdtre
°“F®?' Y ,” a 1 J,® centre r .du, quartier ; aera |
ter b !2 ebanml 0n 0 ? nlral °" doity grou-1
' " IS ;® k Ta Poor ot 12 machi-
™ soTan 1 ? 0 1 ques ave o ‘ours -mo-
' Tout ce ?^ ron ‘.000, Cher
fur el4 iMsiire'de^besotos° nn ° ra

„ ne.mettro en. mouvement quo les ma-
qbines. strictementndoesqair^s ad aeryioe.
On Atolridra ou Ton alliimera les leak des
chaudiAres selon l'acorolssoment de la
consbmraatlon.

. Cette, uqine centrjde r .grand rdiervolr
d'dlectrlcitd, sutBra -pour.allmonler jus-
quid 24,000 lampes. Elle.constilueen mOmo
temps.un grand rdserrolr de force; dans
le jour la canalisailonpourra Atre utllisde
ppu'r envdycr des courans: aux moteurs
Alcctriqucs. Tout coquartier.de ljfew-
York est ploin d'asceniours, d'AlAvateurs
do tout, genre, etc.,On distribuorh ainsl
4 domicile la force molrlce.,On dAgrAvera
d’aulant les frais d'Atabllsaement,do la
canalisation, ce qui. periuetlra de vondre
la lumlAro et lo travail mdcaniquo 4 bas

prlx. . .. .... ... .I

Four Aolalrer tout Now-York et dlBtri-
buer dans la ville la puissance motrico
nAcessaire, M, Edison .admot qn’U fau-
(lrait 30 stations ccntraleB disposant cha-
cune de groupoa de maohines do, 2,000 .
obevaux; soil en tout 00J)00,,o1ipyailk % l
Quand on rAllAohit qu'uno Beule machine '
motrico.d'un paquebot atteint souvent
2,000 choyaux, on-ne trouve yien d’ex-
traordlnairo 4 voir grouper dans des usi-
nes la lorcc do 2,000 obpvaux-yapour.
Pour Aolairer Ncw-York, 11 no faudrait, |
||op dAUnllivo, quo. la foroo que consomme
uno lloUillo d'uno, vinglaino do grands
'transports k vapour 1

oharbons et Ton travalllera en pure perte

. , IIA tnl t iqdlqpensablpfl'^Hercct IncqnvA-
inlont. On ponrralt qbllger i» mpohlne gA-
. nAjutriqo AdimjAuer-d’ello-mCpto automa-
l llquomcnt nntensitd.du stmnmL,M. Edl-
ison a prAfAri, cflqctuer, la rAgnlnrlaalion
par 1'inlormAdlalre d'tm agent 4ft sprvlcp.
C’est du rcste.alnsl.que.les pbosep se. p as¬
sent pour Je got. Quaitd.pa presslou est
angmentAe par.l'oxllncUou d'un nombro
sufOsant de bpoSt .on.s'on aperqolt 4 4'u-
sine ot I'on dlmlnuq.la .presslon, au, ^uy
cpnvenable. ,Dft pt 4 n >4 tel pn, employ 4 . 0 »‘
spAcialement chargA 4Jg stftUpn,qent»dfl
de modifier 1'aUure dft, la.-tnaoblne selon
lesbesoius.4o.fa ooftsommatlon. •, .<

-Pour dimlnuer, J'lotensltA.du /jpiutmt.
dans fes fsmpest llfaut rAdnire la produc¬
tion d’AleotrloitA. Noue I’a^ons, dAji rap:
pelA 4 plusleurq reprises.g'cst.linfluepcs
do l’Alectro-almant.sqp.la bftblfte onmou-
-vemont. de la.--maohline qul qngendro le
courant. En. dlminuant torpuissance do
.l'almanA, ,.»oua- -dlm|uuejcons .par .cela
mfime lintensltA du courant de la canalf-
sation. Or, l’AlAotro-almS.itre.abn Aney-,

gio du courant derive- .ompruntA, au cou*;
—* gAnAral-ot dirigA daqs les .'spires qul
oloppont. .11 est (Agile -.do -rAduirg
rinlensltA de ce .peUt ,'cpurant; jU'.sutdt
d-'intercaler.Burson trajet'— ‘ '

Nous avons yu.pngendrer VAlectrloltAet
nous sayons comment on la oonduit dans
lies maisons. -II se prAsente immAdlate-
Iment.une .ditficultA. L’usine eBt en plelne
production, ,le.courant, oircule, et ;aUume-
les lampes d'un quartier. Il.se, fait lard,
on vient d’Ateindre coup sur coup, 100,,
I »00, 1000 lampos; naturellement cellos

qul restent bAuABoient do

!au- passageVdans. lea-spires ,, sera aug-
|mentAeet,rintensitA.mIsq : aupglnf„ n .;,. y
1 -U,Edison a .combinA jspr oo.prlnolpe
un rAgulateur,;trAs p^a'Hque^U ft groupA.
sur .une, table tputoune colleqtlpn de.bo-
bines de rAsistanoe cqnvenablement. gra-
duAes et rApondant/anx variatlonsiposal-
jbles d’intensltA dans u JUt^oftpaUsatipn.. Bpr,
\ la mAme table so trouve une manelte qul
tourner sur un cercle graduA -i-r- •

doll rAdujre rintensfUdu coupantr

Fl^nsitA^mentiSe;se j&iiMfc 4m
le circuit, Bn mOp>e temps, la viteBSo ,d“
moteur, est ralsntle.et la cpnsommation

de yapeim rf^llften pimpoattpii.. x .

' .L’agent dp.aerylce.n a dogo q\i^ ; m»t 7
pnler .pBe' manAlte placAe sur, une, table,
pony go rep dr e. mattro dq l'inlensitA de la
lomiArp dans tbntM.lM mftlsons.
i -Commgpl,, Jra-t-obi. pent ; U;fiaypjr.,4?
I'uslne e'entrale eg qufse. pasaq dans toutes

Atalon reprAsentant l’inlensitA npymalede
huH .bougiek que doit avoip. la laiqpe.;,
11 a ft cOld une lampe branohAe sur le
rAseau, alimentAo par le, courant gA-
nAral et affectAe comma les, autres par

On trouvera aussl it l'Eiposilion
l pholQmbkP.iflsWW *ma : pn petit cabinet
moir et qui permet d'Avaluer, rigoureuse-
ment et directement les variations d’Aclat
des lampes. SurunerAglehoriiontale gra-
duAe se dAplaco un chariot: 4 T “- J -
-■ do la rAgic on place 1

les .varlatlpna qul pourralent se pro-
■dnlr*. ‘Wun.,regard H yoit parfaltement
-pgrxomparalBon - si .,1a lampe;da rAseau:

Isso oil augmento d'Aclat. L'extinofiou de
quclques lampes n'exerco paa d'aotlonsur
la canalisation;mals dAa, que le ,'phllfre dAr
quclques ceptaines, onpommence .4
. . -Atey, upe di(TAronqe,-eti.4>l’alde .du
regiintour onmodere ouaugmenterinten-

^QPdnitfir ne pguit, du. rests, s'y Iro.m-
P.^aspus... '

fat'en} a lq JM'dd.rtQu't prAs,dq rAgu :

•'>n\apparoll rAvAlateur dea change,-:
tisnUnS n « t . en,lw du-courant de la.cana-r
l 111 galvanomA.tro .4 mlroir

* Sttlto. '(X galvanomAtro rAvAle 4

_-Instant l’Atat du courii^ans le

rAseau. Si.l’lntensUA Xaiblitop,ingmente,

-extrAmitAs di

place la source

icontrOler l'Aclat. L e ch ariot porte one
'carte blanche posAe verticalement eu Ira-
'vers de la rAgle, .etam-desaus deux pelits
miroire inclinAs 4 la faqon d’un toll. On a
hullA le milieu de l.a carte, de faqon 4
produire une tache grande cornme un
pftlir ifcacheler, Cette tache so reBAte
dgns chaque mlroir. Lprsqu’on dAplaco le
chariot Je, long., de- la rAgle, il vient un
;moment • eh-les-.depx- laches des miroirs
dlsparaissent complAtement.

Onlil-1*division,do,la.rAgle qul cor¬
respond 4. la position .du chariot. On -
obtient ainsl par, une-,Beulo; lecture la
diffArenoe d'intensitA de la lumiAre type
et, do .la lumiAre. do la lampe. En
eflet, lorsque les deux taches ne s’a-
perqoivent plus; e'eat qu’elles sont egalc-
ment AclairAes par chaque source lumir
neuse ; lenr lumiAre rAQAchio se confond
aveo la lumiAre rAHAohie- par la porlion
opaque de la carte, II faul rapprocher la
qarte d'antant plus prAs de la lampe que
son Aolat est plus aflTaibli. Comma les in-
tensltAg des deux sources lumineuses va¬
riant, en raison inverse du carrA de leur
distance, on dAdult d'avance les iutensi-
tA^respeotives pour ohaque distance du
obulot.4 la lampe et. la graduation mar-
quAe sur la rAgle Avite lea' oalouls. Tout
cela est trAs simple. Le rapport des

_--jL

*

T

ibwe <est4 ™»»- --

•il lotrodult dans chaque comparllment
no de; ae8 jiBUtBB^tt'p.BS^-une llge md-
lliqde 4 dearmetauX'Wdgatement dila-
mblea a a oonrbjs-sour V&otiaty du frold et
elablit.un.bbD.tibt.AMre la lampo et uno
i Vue.de cotutyri.L'a lampo s’illqmine et
l&Ufld Id compteur ,4 une temperature

dluoider. On pale le gaz en raison de la
consommaiion jouraalldre. Et l’dlsetrlfiltd 1 , 1
comment »£pr6crera-£5n 'Iu K dd)pehw :

Chaque , malspn, . ohaque appartemonl
memo. aura, eon .compteur. d’dlectricttd
comma aujourahni son compteur 4 gkzl
Ges petlts appareils flgnrdrit dans la see-;
lion d’Edisbnin Talkie; Us sorit mlguons
et de dimensions rdduttes.

On a .sous ilek, Jfeoi.-une bolte -md-
tallique d’enklron 25 oentlmdtres de hau-
tear rsuf20i d6 largfihr etT 12.'cenUm&tifflS
d’dpaissenr. jPlacde, ..'jertlbalem'eat,elle
s’ouvre 4 deux Saltans comma les deux
portee d’une armoire. Elle,, est par-
tagde int4rieuwin'en}; 10 j>ar : une, jqlqison
vertlcale' .bn deux [comparlliriena -dans
chacnn desquels. .so .trouve un petit

sulfate de'ouifre, Chaque. flSicoji:renferme

-«Ve dpui l&qeftjn'dtalUqnds en rela-r

|_eo les conducteurs du rdseau k

leur entrde dads la -malson. Une petite
fraction, toujofilfS constant,, du courant
gdndral pdndtre par les lames au seln de
la solution cuivrlque et la ddcompose; du
ouivrese ddpose sur une dps lames. Letra^
vail chimiqub effeetpd, jnesurant exaote-1 foredment- aVeo i la- mdme force donner
mentrdnergib„du.jCOuramtiuUUsi5 dans la | eSojns de lumidre. jlien quo la dlssdmina-

pourdvaluer laquanlitdd’dleotricitd qu’c_
a ddpfensdh’.Tbug ldsnio'is un agent bukre
le compartiment.de.drolte dent il ala clef
et pdse le-culvre. iTous les ana’, un con-
trOlenr ouvre le comparlimen.t de tfaupbe
dont seal auiSl ft a laeldf et pb&le ouiyre
ddposd., La.sommo des.pesdes mensuelles
doit dire* dgale,.oomme vdrlficallon, k la
pesde annnelle. '

En hiver, duand le frold de vient In-
iensey la VddbbmpoBitIon , 'ebtmfrtnd -mas?
rait dtro attdnude; 11 ne

IntensUds est Immddlatemcnt Indlqud. i Variations'3e‘:?emp3?i^e r .„.-

' ’ .

jit, 'A.dtd prdvn dt parrattement rdsolu.
|tx‘il a’agisse de.lumidreoudeforce trans-
jisej .tout abound payera’eh falsSn'ile’
ll^laolricitdjqu’ilraura ddpensde.- -
h Tel est dans -ses grands traits le ’mow,
de pVbdnetib'n, do canalisation, de dls-.
,t|ibnUon :ot jda^meaure do 1'dlccfricitd,
itaagind par M. Edison.

i parell sysldme d’d-
__ prii.de revient ?.

, incontestable quo la ldrpldre par
incandescence est 'de betiu'doup plus chare
quo la ltimidre par.aro voltafque. Chaque
fpis qne l'on mulliplie les foyers, on
ajcCrolt; lp .. .nombre, : des ctiarbons k
dchauUdr, on ■ augments, las psrlss de
ohalejir, les surfaces do ray'onnemcnt, les
^distances dans le circuit; cto.; — J "“

l Quel sera dans,
dalrage le prix dt
- J.Il est incontesti

[on des lam'pes<permieUe de i regagnor
pen par une meilleure distribution do la
lamidre, 11 n'en est pas .moins vrai que la
dlyisipU aboulit toujours en prlneipe k
un .renidenient faible.,

■ [II encst de mdme pour le gaz. Un petit
bee consomme relativement .beaucoup
plus qn’un bee puissant. , '

Ainyi le beo papillon de la Vllle donna
1 carcel 10 et ddpensd.140 litres. Le beo
do la rne_du_ Quatre-Septembre 'donne
ra-'d«i'dels et-n? ddpentdque iv«6: litres;
1 r — bees iutenelfs Siemens fourr

g.r>-Sfg^ a * i r. : ■■■■. -- 1 -•

pout300 litres,6 eareels j-pbur-COO .

14 offdeli; pdnr 800;.litres, 23 carpels;
pour.1,600 Utties, 47 parcels. Un volt , la
;ddpenSd l 'dImlnno'r aveo l'intensild' J "
foyer, ., lj0 ;.; « #1

■ Une lsmpe.par Incandeaoenoe dont
par pbdval,,et par bears; 20. carc'els, !dj
.tribuds en 20 .Ibyers; landls qu'un ;si«,.
foyer dleolrique-trii puiaafintpeot foprnir
par heure JUdqu'ii .280 carpels.,jQnjdmet’
qu’eu inoyenne le rendement de la lu-
midro, par rneaffdeacenco eit pldb ’de dlx'
fois moinclre. - ■

"TMcS^qurimforlerd'd, n'est/'-jiais; l
, pritrelatlf. de. la.'lnmidre.par jqoan'des
I 'tfencdct par aW, o’est- le Jrlxde rdvlent
' .oompard k celdl dugaz, lumldre.dleb-
'ttlque est meins ohdre quo delle du gaz,
qu'il s’agisso de l’dblsdysigd •fit aro ou
mdme par Inoandeaconoe. .•- -.v-. — l
‘ Enbrttlintdlreotemenl,4 mdtres cabeado
gazdansunbeo.'onnepeutlpre'duite au'fleU
.do 40 cdrcela. 81 ron.ddpenae odtte jn’dme
quantitd de gaz pour falre do lit force dans;
-- moteur Otto, on obtlent .-quatro dhe-
ix deforce qul, transformds en dleotri-'
oltd par und machine Grammd/et. en lu-
mldre par un rdgulatour 8erriu, donnent
une puissance; lumineusede plus, do too
bees Carcel, en ddgageant 150 fois moles
de chaleur. .. ^ -

, Le mdme volume do gaz peut done don-
nbr.i volontd ’40 beos ou 300 bees, Bdlon;
le mode d'utilisatlon. U est vraisemblable
que lo gaz.dans • l'avenir aorvira' ’ surtont'
de combustible 1 ,' II donne enQn 'i3,0b0[oa-'
lories, quind la houiUe n'en ddveloppe

que 8,000. '^ .. ./ .. ;

Lea foyers intppaes et uniques.ne-
peuvetit pas dtro appllquds aux usages
domestlqods ; ipais, mdme aveo les -lam-
pes 4 incanddacenco, on va yplr.'qu’ll y a
avantage k transformer encore io gaz en
dlsnirioHd;-- • •

i7lbj-.dJb.tf 1° parliculler qul vou-

jjralt jdds malntonant dclalr’er son hotel
ou 8a,mai8on avoo.leslamp'pa k lucan-
desconce, Sans altondre rdtabllBpemenl
tl'uno canallsilidn gdndrate, n'diirall
qu’i ; inatallor . chez lut) dans le
pous-Bol,; upe mapbine ;4 gpz do un ou
(leux cbevaux. La machine, ddpenso par
heure et par cbeval 1- indtre cube. Co
mdtroi cube, trapafMmd , pq dlectrloltd,
ro'urn[t aveo;les lampes Edison 20 oarcel
et.alimenfe ?0 lampes. carcel. Le

mdtroi'oubo brOIi dlrcptemeiit dans
de t baroel no fournirpit quo 7, —
,i" tenant’..pas ! compte, de

ce nombro d’houres. SI ,de pins, 1 ’usIdo i nous n'ayons pas fait la part assoz large

envoie de la:force pendant itoute la jour- S '-‘ — JJ - J ‘ 1 - : "

nde 11 est,dvident quo les Irais sontri- d

carcel. Lb beo carcel gaz coUte environ J
4-oontlmes,.Avco lesJntdrdts etl’amortis-
setneqt; pouy le sysldme .mdoaniquo re-
yenant 4 peu prds 4 0,000 ft, et pour un
dolairdge do 5,000. heures par an, .on
trouvd .comme prix de revient environ
2 centimes par carcel et par heure. .

Loracju’on' produlra. rdleetrioitd par des
-jaohines 4 vapeurpuissantes, la ddpense
eh oharbon dtant. rddulto par forco do
Phevai a i kilogramme, et lo kilogramme
de boullld coQtant 5 o. environ, si l’on ne
tientpas compto des frals do canalisation,
d’intdrdt, etc., le prix d’une carcel des-
' l "" J *ait 4 un quart do centime.
j » o8t impossible en ce moment de prd-
qiscr des ehiflres d.dBnitifs.parce que’tout
ddpend dvldemment do la longueur du
r&eau’et; de sa densitd, c’est-4-diro du'
dombre de lampes qul pourront Otre
groupdes, ear le mOmc conducteur par
Unit'd do longueur. II cat.clair quo lea prix
s'acoroltrbnt en raison de la distance 4
laquelle 11 faudra pojter la lumidro ou la
force. Tout ddpend aussl .du nombre
d'henres de travail. Lo cbifTro'd’intdrCt;
d’amortisscmoul se rdpartit forcdmcnl sur

duits en-proportion.

Exemple : Admettous un rdseau do
DO kllomdtres do ddveloppement alimen|aol
20,000 lampes ou motcurs, et ndcessltanl
une force de 1,000 cbevaux. C’est one
densitd de 20 JnmpeB par 50. md-
tres, ce qui est loin d’Otro exagdrd :
11 faudra 50 kllomdfres. de .conducteurs
doubles, c'e8t-4-diro 100 kilomdtres de
conducteurs simples, .Supposons quel
les besoins du rdseau ndcessltent la
pose de 20 kilomdtres- do- condueteurs
d’une s'eblion...do!.2. cenllmdt'res "or¬
ris et 80 contimdtres de conducteurs do
petitosectlonde 1 centim'dtreoarrd. Leprix
du kilogramme de cuivre pur dtant de 1 fr.
60 c., on peut eslimer le kilomdtro de gros
conducteur, avec. sou isolant, son tuyau
de fer enveloppe 4 prds do; 9,000 Irt, e t lo
petit oonduoteur 4 3,000, fr. environ.,Dd-
penses, environ 500,000 fr. Aveo la cana¬
lisation 8uppldmentaire, les machines,
les rdgulateurs, eto., ou pout-doubler
cliiffre pour les Irais d’iostallalion,
alter au million on chillrcs ronds, soil
50,000 fr. d’intdrdt annuol. Les frals Sex¬
ploitation, loyor, personnel, amortisae-
ment seront d’au moms 150,000; fr., Total,
200,000 fr. Cette somme doit se rdpartir
sur los 20,000 lampes. Co qqi fail par im
otpar lampo 10 fr. Si le3 lampes sontuti-
lisdcs pendant 2,000 heures seulement, la
(ldpensc affdrente 4 ohaqub foyer sera de
mi demi-cenlime. Si le travail se poursuit
pendant 5,000 heures, la ddpense baissera
4 un cinjuiime de centime. .

Prenens lo eas le plus ddfavorable :
2,000 heures. Lo prix do revient sera
d’une part .d’un demi-centlme - et ■ de
l’autro d’nn quart de centime pour les frais
"de eombuslible, solf en lout demoins
de 8/10 de centime. Admcltons encore que

dtablissemenl. Au pis aller, doubli .
cbilfre, nous arrivons 4 une ddpanse par
carcel d’environ un centime el demi i deux
centimes.

11 est clair qu’en vendant 4 Paris la 1U-
midre d’un beo troiB centimes par .car¬
cel, on fernlt encore de beaux bdndfices
et le prix pour le consommateur serait, ,4
peu prds, d’un tiers morns cber que celui
du gaz. Nos chifTres se rapprochtfnt beauJ
coup de ceux qu’annonce U. Edison. Le
physioien amdricaln; prdtend, en eflet,
que ga lumidre rdalisera prdcisdment une
doonomie d’environ un tiers sur le gaz.

Nous rdpdtons, pour qu’il d'y ait/pas de
malontendu, quo ces evaluations, sont
approximatives; toute estimation,prdcise
est ndeessairement lide aux conditions
particulidres de la canalisation ct 'de ^ex¬
ploitation. II va de sol que, s'il fallait
prolonger de plusieurs kilomdtres la ca¬
nalisation pour desservir quelques dou-;
zaincs de lampes, les prix gdndraux db-
vraient monter en consdquenoe. Qubi
qu'il en soit, mOme 4 prix dgal, lp
nouvel dolairage prdsente tant d’avanta-
ges sur le systdmo actuel, qu'il n’est pad
douteux que son emploi ne se gdndralisp
4 bref ddlai dans les grandes villes ct
dans les maisons. i,

Nous avous beaucoup insisld sur Jo -
systdmo Edison parce qu’il nous paralt de

Lo gaz a did expdrlmentd 4 Paris pout
la premidro fois en 1818 au passage des
Panoramas sous l’admtnistratlbn de M. db
Chabrol. L’introductlon en France.de l’dii'.
clairage par incandescence datera deli;
premldre Exposition Internationale d’d- g
loolrioild.

Henri of. Parville.

9 '

asSxsoosr [

LAMPfi MERVEILLEUSE .

v Ren.trfi rfan8 f ao.n;!l^ofal6ir6;‘,'Io'-.v6ili
ui:80;iiiBt8(Sr!o6^omont'a>rffluvreV''laidf
anyMoutos.-loqinvontionsitOus'lcslrai
auxpompioncfis.-' . • '• . •

II avail son idbo, dt son programme

Si Edison so yoyatt comparer: au cb-
bbro.Aladin, do /aplastlquo mbmoire, il

• iO trouvorait .pas lo compliment flatt’our.
. Aladin n’avait rioninvontb, el lagloiro
d’Edison . ;c’.ost d'inventor tpujours ot
quand memo, ot l’invention dont il pst lo
plus flor,3’cst sa lampo.

, -Car Edison n’pst pap un' mylho, —
commo uno foulo ddiMrisibiis-B’blaiant
. hakiituds to lo oroiro donuls ilo -jour: pu
rolentiront, pour la promibro Mis, sur nos
boulcyards, les accents du fameux ptio-
nograplie, — uno do ses noinbrouses
crbalions. ... I

• Lacuriositd la plus vivonto 4 exposer
dans lbs dalles d’Edison, 4 l'Exposition
d'dlcctricild, c'btatt Edison' lui-m’6mc. II
foul regrettcr. qu’on n’ait pu lo fairo;

Tronto-six ahs, (Iguro i mborbo, taillo
au-dcssus do la moyenno, constitution
atlilbtique, rdsislnhco absolumoiit inouie
au Iravailot & la fatiguo, caractbre d’uno
simplicity ot d’uno dffabilitb charmantos,
scionco proforido • dans toutos Iob ques¬
tions dc mallibmntiquos, do chimio, do
physiquo ot spbcialemcnt d’bldctricitd :
voilb l’liomme.

• Tcnaco au-doll do touto expression,
qunnd il ost sur la pislo d’uno dbcou-
vertc; pour lo poindro complbtomonl, il
surnt do raconior comment. il est arrivb

1 i inventor, 4 conslruiro, ■ sous sa .foriuo
actuollc, sa fameuso lampo ii incandes¬
cence, qui rbpand une lumibro si bolle,
si cliaudo. si rbgulibre.

Laconqufilo do la Toison d’Or ou des
fruits du j'ardin dus Hospbridos, los
douzo trdvaux d'Horcule, tout cola n'est
ricn quand on songo aux- btu.dqs, aux dd*
.ponses,- aux voyages, aux deuils/mflme,
quo reprdsento’"ce mince filament do
charbon:blincclant, brillant au milieu
do son.globo. do crislal,-groscanjmo

des appartomcnls.

L’ideal, I’aivonir, c’biait, il l'enlrovoyait
dbjb, le romplacomont do I'huile, du pb-
Irole, du gaz, par la forco blcclrique; on
snvait In produire, la fabriquor, il s’agis-
aait d’invonler un apparoil, uno lampo
pour la consommor, et touto uno organi¬
sation, complblo, pour canalisor, on quol-
quo sorto, i’blcclricilb, ot la conduire
pni'loul, commo lo gaz.

Voilb qui n’blaitpas facilo.

. Tous les syslbmes en usage, ot qui
nous somblaicnt si beaux, les brillants !
foyors ob brfllent, • aveo uno flammo I
tromblotanlo, des chnrbons qu’il faut
romplacer souveni, commo la mbeho

lumibro; quo pr,oduit uti 111 do-platiiio
rougi par le passage do l’bloclricitb 1
(C'est cola quidohqo uno luqur. bcldtdntd
iblnnchc, fixe I.. • . •

Il availprimilivementtbrilbd’employer
du chdrbon, rendu incandescent.par dc
I forts courants bloclriques; mais cos cou-
rqnls dbsagrbgcaient les molbcules du

C’biait en 1878. Le nom d’Edison avail
ddia fait lo tour do l’Europe, grdco sur-
lout au plionographo, qu’il n a cossb do
considbrcr commo uno invention des
plus sbriouscs, u laquollo ost rbscrvb un
avenir farilastiquc. J’cn roparlcrai un do 1
ccs joursl ■ - ; • I

Il avail, envoyb 4 I Exposition un cer¬
tain nombrd d’oppareils curicux, et Ira-
vaillait-bcaucoup'la question des tblb- .
phonos, ce qui no l’cmpftchait pas, tout-
cn songcanl, do fairo quelqucs excur-
sions do cfltb ot d’autro. , , ,

Un jour,' pondant uno tournbo a tra- ,
vers los Montagncs Rochousos, avocson j
ami M. Draper, la conversation lombo
sur l’Exposition do Paris, sur la lumibro
blcclriquo, l’bclairago fberiquo do noire
avonuo do 1’Opbrai dont tous los jour-
naux ambricnins racontoiont morvoil lo.
— Dilos'donci s’bcrio M.- Drappr.vpi.14

uiiejoliebtudopoui'vous.rbclairagcbloc-

daiont. Et dependant il les enformait;
dans do petits globosdeverred’obil avail
rdtirb tout 1’air, pour empOchorTugure
du mbidl.

— C’est, se dit-il, que le plalino n est
pas assez solido; il fond trop vile,-4
1,000 ou 2,000 degrbs; voyons autro
choso.

Alors, il so mil 4 essayor uno foulo
d’aulros corps mbtalHquos reg&rdbs-pour
ainsi diro commo ihtusiblos, et’ qui Ise
irouveqt allies le plus, souyent au, ; pla-r

Chacupdo.cos corps.est, du_raste',pa's-
sablomont-rarel- Dans- les laboratoires.
los mioux fournis-on-a une pareollo tie
ebaquo, perdno au fond d’un petit.na-
CHn', Ob' if faut l‘oplr’aporccvoir, ''Ia de-
; virior.avecf..leSrycux,.de--Jai.foi;.ios.chi-,
fnistes'vous:montrent : la-petitoflolojvous
font lire l’btiquettb. et -vous disent grai

du.dff!l’osrnium;'.-r::ou'.n!impo'rto ciuoi,
Vous aporcovdz' quolqups petits gra¬
nule’s, une poudro noirdtro ou'grisdtrc;
do quoi remplir la poinle d’un petit curo-
dents, et vous vous bcricz, do conOance:

— All I trbs cUrioux... trbs clrOlo I-
...Cola ser’ait do la poussibro do maca-

• f.- . '

' r^GWtTpOTP'diroi.oncdro. iinb'fSis;"quo ;
>9J5ont dos substancos trOa raros.

■ * Edisoii voulut les expdrimontor, ndan-
inoiris. 1 ' .

. II lui on fallut 1 tout prix, — ot son
laboratoiro doMonlo-Parkest montd sur
un tot pied, il disposo do rossources si
colossulcs pour sos travaux, quo lo pnx,
quo la diperise, pour sos dtudos, no
comptent absolumont pas. , •

II out son palladium, son iridium, tous
sos mdtaux on um, sans onrion tlrer, on
ddfinilivo. • ...

Lo rliodium, on particnlior, lui fit fairo
bion du mauvais sang.

Du rhodium, 11 n’v on avait pas un
, alomo chcz los. raarchands do produits.

■ ^Sdtson dOrilii.UnOdliibro mindralogislo
,! >5 fitats Unit, p pul Scomn o possi i! li t
pn'V4riiaWdS9tu4adeciWo«ltt*.‘8Ci«illflr

tbs-Ios-i’deo'vCes Unttglnpbli^i^ipRDlqij'f
bait s’ll'.en fallut, pour.•'quit, ;ossayftt-:

onyoyo,-*- oomrno 11 hnvqjt fajl.-pbur]
lb's- mOtauXi — dos ospficos^dp. : commisri
■voyagours" dans tbute l’Amdriquo, on;
Asio, op Chino spOciulomont, ot au Ja-
pon, pour en rnpporlor toutcs los varid-
t6s do pinnies connucs cl inconnuos,
dos bnmbous, surlout, dont los fibros-
pururent hiontdt 4 Edison prdscnler dps 1
qualitds tout it fait favorablcs 4 ses dos-j

L u „,.

Pour l’nmbur do' Diou, onvoyoz-moi,
pour mes experiences, un pou do rho¬
dium ; jo vous indemniserni.

— Du rliodium? lui rdpond lo savant;

■ jo no domnnderais pas mloux quo do
vous on donr.or, mais, dans tous lcsEtals
do l'Union, jo pario quo vous no pourrioz
vous on procurer de quoi bouchor
clot de montre.

, • Nous verrons bion, s’dcrie Edison.
JDans la Caroline du Nord, dans dos
[isoments oil l’on avait trouvd do l'or, on
Vait roncontrd aussi du platino; done,
dovait y avoir du rhodium.

—Parteztout do suite, dit Edison 4
_n do sos collaboratours, pronez dos ou-
vriers, toutco qu'il faut, Ot failes-moi du
rhodium.

L’onvoyd so transpbrto sur los lieux,
cmbaucho cinquanto ou soixanto oil-
'■-'ts payds largoment, lour abandonno

-l’or qu'ils trouveront, et recuoillo

enquolquos somainos une demi-douzaino
do kilogrammes do rhodium, qu’il ap-
porlo 4. Edison. •' • s

■■ Ee premier sdih do : celui-oii ce ftitd’enp
onyoyor aussildt un. kilo 4 l’adrossc dui
savant ot cdlbbro mindralogislo, pour lui
montrer quo co n'dlalt pa's rare du tout..

Mais,-encore uno fois. ni.le rhodium,!'
niie platino, ni 1’iridium, ni auoun . me¬
tal, malgrO quclquos essais rolativement
satisfaisanls, ho donnoierit au pafiont
chcrcheur sa solution.

C’est aiors qu'il arriva 4 cssayor do
ouveau un 111 do cliorbon. '. *

. Cola paratt toujours singulior d'cnlon-1
dro diro uh til do clnirbon; car l’onpenso
toujours au charbon do hois do nos cui-'
Sines, si see, si ciissant, si peu (loxiblo. ‘
M4rs, on realite, il suffil do songerqu'on ■
peulcourbord’avancc dos llbrcs dobois,
du carton, loscarboniscr parun proeddd
quolconquo ot avoir la flguro d’un for a
cli.eval, par cxemple, on veritable char-

Unfil decoton, chautte, cuit, carbonise;
.. vous voulez, dans uncrousot porte «•«

roUgo, donnora — - 1 —

charbon ayant Ic

cru,' ■ ;. . . ,

Edison dtudia tqutes les matliiros sus- 1
. «optibl08 do so carbonisor ainsi : dupaV
'*.u carton brislol, dos filaments [do!

Jo disais tout 4 1’hcuro quo la lampo:
Edison avait commo son marlyrologo.,
C’cst Iris exact. ,Un do cos dinissairos4
la rcchorcho du mcillour dos biimbous,
ot cxpddid dans uuo dos Antilles, oh
rOgnait la fibvro jnuno, fut attoint do co
:mat lorriblo dbs los premibres heurcs
jnprbs son ddbarquement, ot succomba

i-avoir p„ ronl p|i r sa mission.

.. ..force de rcchorchosot d’oxpdricn-
cos, Edison Unit done par donnor la prd-
[fOronco 4 la flliro d’uno ospiico pnrlicu-
,! ero do bambou, origiuuire du Japon, '
t c'osl avec cos filaments quo sonl faitos -
:s lampos;

Lc.fil.do charbon,.courbe on formo.de;
ir k .chovul, cst onforme dans un petit -
lobe, uii'pou plus-gros quo'lo poing,-
’oii; 1’on; a exlrail tout l’air, autant quo
possible,, ot,II suftlt; do : fairo passer On.
couraiil'eioclriquo dans le susdit (II pour
qu’il rougisso d’une lueur detatante, quo
l’on moditrc'4. volonte au moycn d'uno :
ospOco do robinot, d'uno clef absolumont
iscmblablc 4 colic d'un bcc do gaz.
Sculcmcnt,alln qu'un courant trap fort
j vienno pas, 4 un moment donn6, soil
fairo. rougir ot memo fondre los fils con-
|ductours, — co qui pourrait causer dos
dnccndics, — soil brfllor los filaments des
lampos et dtcindre tout lMclairagc,
i Edison a dispose, sur los conducicurs
;on metal amcnant I'eicctricite depuls
1’usiiie jusque clioz losabonnds.dos appa-
rcils do sflrote, qui prOvionnont absolu-
mont tout accident do co genre.

Eli outre, il faut quo cliaque abonnd
no paio quo suivant sa consommation,
o pst-4-diro, qu il ost indispensable qu'il
y ait un comjiteur, commo pour lo gaz:
Edison on a invcnUS un, millo fois plus
deiicat otplus parfnit quo noscomptours
>nioiiidro quantile,
r d otoctricite.consommeo, twee .une exaci-.
-tiludo inouio; . ' . ; ■ • , ' ' .

r i-i ■? voit quo;, tousIbs'detalls ont et6 par

s^prOscnb I so 8 rr sysfome'est com-
i plot. Da jour au loiidemain, dans n’im--
pprio quollo viHo d’Am'dridue et d'BU^
rope, il est prflt i dclairer un thd&tre;:-
uno usine;- dc'S-magasins quolconques/

-A,

eston;mosur6,'—,'lui ou'Ia Cofflni-
gnio.hui oxptoito:ses proc6des,.A- do
promcUro dos - Ohosos. aussi- oxlraordi-
IJWWV'd?-. wnir.diro dux gbns-qiii ont
;Cheq oux qmnzo; vingt becs.do gaz :-"-
‘Laisspzrmqi 'vous poser, 4 la pldco.
quinzo,-vingt lampos eioctriquos, 'qui
vous eolairoront mioux, d’uno nianiOro
al; v ous. cofltoro 'ht abso- [

Inumonl-la mSino choso cjtfiTlo gaz'^Ujm'ij
lifri’y engage... , .. . ;

Si Edison on ost arriv'6'14, c’ost qu’il a
.iallseun typo do .machino produisant
reioctricite dans dos conditions 6cgno-
miques inconnuos jusquc-14 : son gone-.
ralaur eicclriquo utiliso Jusqu'4 DO et
03 pour coni do la forco motrico, tandis.i
quo losmoillours'vont'4 poine 4 70 ou 72.j ;
" y a lo syslbmo do canalisation. On-j

_a, qui a ete l’objct do longues etudes,-

{ ot qui no pi-eto plus 4 la moindrp indeci-

Enfin, 4 l’usino memo, so trouvo un
regulatour trOs curicux, destine '4 main- -
tonir dans tout lo sorvico un courant r6-
gulior ot constant. . ..

Ainsi, 4 uno ccrtaino Iicuro, lo soir, il
y a do grands etablissomonts, dos thiSflt-
tros, .dos cafes,- dos .magasins, oh-I’on
etoint subitemonl des lumibrcs par con-J
tainos; si tnuto colto Clootricite inoccu-
pOo so rojotait sur los bees, sur los 1am-
pcs rosteos allumees, cola forait do jobs
dCgtlts dans.tous los circuits 1... Lo regu¬
latour osl'14 pour prOVonir quo la tension,
deviont, 4 lol moment, trop forto, ot qu’il
faut rOduiro la prossion.

Partoul, en soinmo, nous retrouvons,
„/cc dos nuancos, los details do la fabri¬
cation, do la distribution, du rCglago du
- - mais avec millo avantagos nou-

i on plus. '

uiio lbMibro saibo ot.'.tbhjourS 'preta i.un.! ■
irbblnot 4 tournorbet il n'ost; m6mo pfis'i
bdsoiff.'.d’uno allumotte, cbmmO'p0flb oh-, ;
haihmoribn-boc'idp.gaz. , ;•

‘ uyollftlco qti’bn pout vbir,dej4 instalie 4-
Now-York, dans tout un blooh, o'eat-k-
(liro lip eiiormo.pttte do.'maisons do la
graiido villo, ou' lo syslbmo ost dbs main-
tenant complot; car Edison, qui ost co
qii’on appollo un hnmmo Ominommont
•pratique, no lanco rien sans l’avoir crousC'.

& fond, sans avoir 6tudi6 jusquo dans
ses moindros details la realisation do son
invention. Commo cela, au moins, quan'd
uno ost- flnio, il pout la laissor allcr et
s'oeoupor d’autro clioso.

Colto fois, il so declare, paratt-il, sa-:
tisfait, ct los Americans sont sans doute
do son avis. Quand on a visite los deux
salons da Palais do l’lnduslrio, quand
on a soi-mflmo etoint ot rallum6, on
lournant lo robinot, quolques-unos dos
lampos nombrousos disposeos dans cos
deux pibces, on ost oblige do declarer
commo eux quo lo problbmc estvraiment
rOsolu.

La Iampe 4 incandosconco d'Edison
n'ost-allo pas au moins aussi commode
quo lo bee do gaz?

UCl> *vun --'I |

la table de travail do |
j f'Homme d’6tudo ou dans une suspension
do salle h manger; partout olio donno sa
: ,mCmo lumifcro, peu diffdrente de collo,

• du gaz, mais flxo, rdgulifere, ot surlout
•. sans inconv6niont pour la sant<$.

;• Car cnftn, lo gaz dans nos demeuros,
dans les lieux do reunion, partout, on
peut 1c dire, — ct mGme dgins la rue, ou
ses Emanations empoisonnont- le sol olr
vicient I’atmosph&re, — lo • gaz repand-
dans Tair quo nous' rospirons dos pro-:;
duits des . plus maisains; c’est un fail:;

. ^ connu. Bn outre, 11- ddgage, en brftlant, ;
p?uno cliaieur considErablo, insupportable,;
p mfimo on hiveri dairis un endrois clos.

L La lamp3' i incandosconco, la lumiero
S d’Edison, au contrairc, qui luit dans lo
r vide, dans un globe hcrmEtiquomonlfor-
f mE, no pout vicior l’air; en outre, e|lo
i-,r nc l’Echauffo pas non plus. %

If Elio pout 6tro disposEo n’importo ou :
P c’ost Evident, puisqu’ollo est alimentEo
fe* par dos fils comme ccux dii tElEgraphe,
nui nassent partout. -

N Uno supposition : on El&vo une vaslo
■M usine & la Villotte, ou do puissantos ma-
M chines h vapour font tournbr, b plusieurs
5 v ccntainos de tours b la minute, des ma-
M , chines Eleclriqucs, qui fabnquent de 1 e-
K Ileclrioitb.

M ■■ Do fluide, au moyon do. barres do pa.d-
m - ta) posies sous lo soi dos ruos, commo
® i los tuyaux do gaz, ost transports au loin,
M monlo dans los maisons,.ponbtro, par
H dos Ills, dbnsles appartomOnts,so foufi o
S | dans lo 'salon, dans la cuisine,_dans la

Voici comment il l’avait posS.pour lui-
mbmo, et jo rfisumorni ainsi cello trop
longuo digression sciontiflquc:

- Pour i’Oclairago, il faut do.la lumibrq.;

’; Qu'ost-co qui nous on procure; actuol-
loment? ■

Co sont los usines 4 gaz;:-
! ; Or, .rbsino;.4 ’gaz hoiig. onyoio la lu-
.niibre, e'est vrai, mais avec une foulo do
cliosos' irifcctcs, nausSabondos, mbphi-
tiquos, qu'cllo dovrail bion garder pour

] L’idOal, ce sorait do laissor toutes cos-
impiiretSs, ces produils maisains, 14-bas,
ul’usino; de tamisor tout.cela, ot do no
donnor aus nbonnSs quo cet 616meat:
Imniere.

Avoc rsioctricitb, so dit Edison, jo fais

Dans l’usino, dans mes machines 4 va¬
pour, jo brflle la houille, et tous ses pro-
’uits infects s’on vont on funido.

Mais les molours 4 vapour transmot- .
.jnt lour cnorgie, lour puissanco 4dos
machines filcctriquos, et lo fiuidovaau
loin produire la lumibro demanddo, ot
la liimibro toute seulo. tamisdo, passde
- cribloi sans vapsurs, ■ sans gaz, sans.

, ,V.oil4 IHddo originalo, et.par sa forme,
et foadV si. admirabte.mojjt.fQymu-

luo ot rdalisde par Edison 1

• : fVoii4-le problfime toVqu’ilVaxait ooqou
et- vol !4 com m opt; ‘il' l’a- ddfluttivemont
.mend, 4 biem • .is.:' ' .

I - On pout to dire aujourd’hui, 1,’dclairago
dlectnquo h'est plus rdciaijage.' do l’ave-
fiir rbgqo' 'dbs mturiteriant, ot, pour pd-
ndtrbr daps nos -dfl'meuros, il n'attond
plus qii:une'chose,:.la -pose des fils qui
. menocehtu do^eqiblacer;,:partouj,givaut
I Ibnglempsj la-,canalisation ; du. .gab, -.pdUh
rdclairagb d'eUii' socidtd modernoi-....

“■ —^.' *,.- c!; .- D> P. Bnvorneyr,-

L’INGENIEUR-CONSEIL

EXPOSITION INTERNATIONALE D’ELEOTRILTTE

OHATJDlfiRES <SC MA-OIillTES .A. VAPEUR

En dehors dcs clmudiOros De Nacyer et dc quclqucs clmudiftrcs de locomobiles qui
n’offrent rien de particulier, nous no trouvons en fonction h 1’Exposition d'dlcctricild qu’unc
chaudiere Collet, variante peu intdrcssanlc des chaudieres du type lubulairc gdndral auqucl
appartiennent les chaudidres Belleville, Root, De Naeycr, etc. Nous dcvons ciler aussi la i
chaudidre de MM. Babcock et Wolcockx, qui doit acliver la puissantc machine dynamo- |

dlcclriquc d’Edison; mais nouscroyons devoir altendre, avant de nouscn occuper, que cclte |

intdressanle installation soil en fonction ; nous en ferons l’objel d'une dlude spdciale. j

II nous reste a passer en revue les diffdrcntes machines molriccs qui donnenl la vie et la ,
lumiere a. cetle belle Exposition d’dlectricild.

Machines Compound type Sulzer, de MM. CARELS fibres, de Gand. — En l
tete se prdsente une machine beige : la machine Compound A soupapes du type Sulzer, exposce \
par MM. Carels frercs, de Gand. Cette machine sc compose de deux machines horizontales !
separdes attaquant le meme arbrc molcur a l’aide de leurs manivelles caldes a angle droit | !

sur cct arbre. Les cylindres de ces machines ont Pun dc diamdlrc,900.. de course, I

l’autre 700"'"' de diamdlrc et 900""" de course. La vilesse de marclie esl de' GS lours par )

minute. I

Les deux cylindres sont a enveloppe de vapeur. Le petit cylindre du type ordinaire de
MM. Sulzer, de Winterthur, est a detente reglee par le rdgulateur, la vapeur d’dchappement se
rend dans un reservoir tubulalrc inlcrinddiairc, oil elie est rdchauffdc par dc la vapeur
venant directement des chaudieres; de la elle passe dans le grand cylindre au bout duquel
sc trouve le condenseur commands par le prolongement de la tige du piston.

Tout cet ensemble a ce caraclere dc parfaitc dldgance qui distingue les machines Sulzer |‘
et d’admirablc fmi qui caractdrise les bons conslructeurs gantois. !i

La marche ne laisse rien a ddsirer; malgrd la haute pression (7 atmospheres) et la grande j
vitesse de rotation, on n’enlend d’autre bruit que celui des ddclics. Les diagrammes sont remar-
qunbles :1a compression dans le petit cylindre ramdne la pression dans l’espace nuisible, au <
point de ddpart de la course, exactement a la pression dans la chaudidre f

Les proportions du rdservoir intermddiaire sont lelles que la ligne d'dclmppement du '
petd cylindre est a peu prds parallele a la ligne almosphdrique

"” tent «“'* .1. vap«„ re „ Jo 7" 3 '

Z~T ?'*’ ““ >» »nfcn»lim, cLitoblo ™i I

" “ 10 W *'» -V.1.PP.., OW coiininomcnl „» ta, Z 7Z

n’offrent r
chaudiere

L INGENIE UR- CONSEIL

rEdacteur en chef * APPLICATIONS DE LA . i

M „ mjntj ’ • ADMINISTRATED :

4i, ruo du Mnrtenu DE LA CHALEUR ET DE L’£LECTRICIT£ M. Lkon FONTAINE I

‘ _ 81, rue Ducale j

L’lngeiticur-Coiiseil pnrail deux fois par mois. II conticnt nlusieurs articles nnrdnnnv
S 8 ™®, 1 . * cs chaudiOrcs & vapour et loan accessed!« SiuM t vaS "t
cs iiis^Mlh| L innS ,1S in‘ ‘ VC1 f n n ° tnmm < !ut aux tramways, les transmissions do mouvoment!
1ms ml-nri • pondmle dean, do vapour et d’air, les machines et matieres cinnloyiics
Jr ,, ™, industries specialemcnt dans Imdustric mecanique, le travail du boil
el 1 Industrie lamiure, les applications de 1’eleclrieito, etc.

ddbonnomont : 12 fi*. pour In Boiclrmn i*? r» ,

1 Union gdndralo dos Poatcs. Un numdro : l Cra.no. 1 ’ ** • |WUP 163 pays * 6t:,an S 9P3 falaant partlo de

DES ANNONCES :

TJne page : Un an, 600 IV. 6 mois, 350' IV. 3 mois, 180 fr.

V‘bi •" * 358 180 ■ .» wo ,

* ® ISO » » 100 » d 60 »

on A j/TmDS atire ttS3U, Paris'. *’°™ E > Dueale, a Bruxelles,

p.de toutes les fournitures neeefesaires aux Compagni
' PILES LECLANCHE, Brevetees

s Tel6phones|

SKULKS TILES
emplosces par l'iNTERNATIONAL DELL COMPAQ
or HEW YORK

ct par tontes les Compagnies
dc Tdldphones

en France, Angletcrrc, Belgique

MICROPHONES

Sonneries a grade resistance

MOURLON & C ie

par les ADMINISTRATIOHS DES TMGRArHES;.

H et fils conducteuiis isolateur

Fils do fer et d’acler galvanises

. .gH y __ Appareils Tclcgraphiqitcs diver

Buis tie Ituysbroeclr, 61

]2 Setiembre 1881.

PERIODICO DIARIO

LA CORnE8PONDENCIA DE PARIS

VIA G E CO Hi 1(3 0

ILUSTRADA

‘ color! Ittoll dl rlngrazlamonlo. Dapprlma
erano stall cohlorlll dol dlploml d’onoro
ad alcuni fra i dottt Istiluti, ma poscla,
ossendosl ossorvato olio II numoro ora trop-
po grando , o die c!6 potova dar luogo a
dollo golosio dl nazIonulllA, II glurl csoluso
tulti gristltutl dal diploma o decrelft dollo
somplicl loltoro. Agli osposltorl llallono sl-
no state conforlto parocclilo modaglio d’ar-
gonlo o parocclilo allro dl bronzo.

Diploma d' onore : Mlnlstoro dl agrlcol-
tura, industria o commorclo; Mlnlstoro dol-
1’islruzlono pubblica; Stabiljinonto governa-
tlvo per la fubbrlcazlono dollo/carlc-vulo-
ri; Iatituto roalo topogratlco milllaro; pro-
fossoro Paclnolll, dl Cagliari, II primo in-
venloro della inaccblna magnolo-olotlrica
Clio po! proso II nor..o da Grammo.

Diploma di cooperaziom : latlluto dollo
scienzo o loltoro di Milano; Mnsoo dl Fl-
rouzo; UuivorsIlA dl Genova, Modona, Na¬
poli, Padova, Pavla , Pisa, Torino ; llcoo
Spallanzani di Modona, llcoo Volta dl Co¬
mo, llcoo Volta di Verona.

Medaglia d\oro: Golfurolll.

Medaglia d’argenlo: Cnrdarelll, Coradlnl,
Glnorl, Plcruccl, colonnollo Ilecagni, E. A.
Gugllolmlni, nichard.

Medaglia di bronzo : Bandlorl, Cavignato,
Panlrior, Gornsn, Mugnn, Nigra, Sorraval-
lo, Sommatl, Dl Mombollo.

25 CENTIMES LE NUMERO

. I,’Italia paroa dovesso prosonlarsl nque-
sta mostra lanto rlcca dl glorlo dol pao-
salo, quanto poVora nolle appllcazlonl sclen-
tidclic dolprosonto. Infalll, la osposlzlono
'slorlca ltnllana, rlcca dcgll apparoccht rl-
' guard anil I tcnlativl doll’ Accadomia dol
,Clmonto o dol Gallloo, e dcgll apparoccht
I concoroeoll gll studl o lo invcstigaztonl
! del Volta, dol Galvanl, dol Mallo.uccl, dol
I Nobill, del Marlaninl e di tantl altrl lllu-
islrldofuntl, clio portarono un largo con-
■' tributo al progresso doU’olottrlcIti, l’capo-
sizfono storica dcsto I'ammiraziono od II
pIA vivo inlorosso degll studios! o dol pub-
bllco clio si alTollava a vonoraro lo pro-
zloso reliqulo.

Non cost 1’esposlzlono mddorna clio pa-
reva senza intorosse; ma a poco per volta
si fa strada la voce die ancho In questa
vi fosso dol buono, clio talune invenzioni j
gSscro degno di nota, o clio una fra tut-'
HOpotosso conformaro all’Ilalla I), primato j
kS lie noi progress! modornl dollo appli-
B nl olettricbo. II Pacinotll, nativo di
Blu e mddesld' profossoro a Cagliari, gio-

LE PAPILLON

REDACTEUR EN CHEF : OLYMPE AtJDOUARD

REDACTION et administration

ANNONCES

ABONNEMENTS

prosieguo

187-2 -H. francoso Gramt

nlondero

rd Tra gll sclenzlali ; la lolta si 6 Impo-
gnata naturalmente nel glurl. 1 giuratl
Italian!, sostonutl validamento dagl' ingle-
si, dal tcdosclil o dagll ainericanl, lmn
Ipropugnalo la concesslono al Paclnolll dl
j di un diploma d’onoro; ma la proposta is
stata combattuta da alcunl franccsl, nl
; quail pungeva di veder conforlta tinacosl
[alto rlcomponsa ad uu vlttorioso compoti-
j loro del Gramme; a loro gludizio al Puci-
notti avrebbo dovuto csser conforlta una
j modnglia d’oro.

f Al votl, la maggloranrza fu a favoro dol
CPacluoltl, o conlrlbuirono , — giova dirlo
. ad onoro dol vero, — a formarla ancho
-fbuon numoro dl franccsl ragiooOvoli od
cqul. Cost II Paclnotti ha oltenuto la. plti
villa rlcomponsa, clod II diploma d'oiioro,
e non gli una medaglia d’ oro , como no
ora corsa la voce, Un diploma d’ onoro 6
Olalo pure conforlto'all'olllclna dollo carto-
valorl In Torino od all' Iatituto tipograllco
milllaro di Fironzo pol beljlssiml lavort'.in
galvanoplastica. Agl’lstltutl dl flsica di iio-
\ogna, dl Pavla, di Napoli, dl Padova', di
Torino, dIJGenova o dl Pisa, al muron Brora
dl -Mllaqo, clio prpsoro parto all’EsposIzIo-
no rotrospolUva, s-ino slotl dosllnatl parti-

rhomas-Alva Edison reprdsentc bicn i'dncrgic,
litialive ct la hardiessc du grand peuplc amdri-
n qui, on libertd, cn science ct en crogris,

vapour, roulis ct tangago en nioins. A chaquo sta¬
tion dcs marchands montent dans le train, ofTrant
aux voyageurs tout co qui pout lour dtro utile ct
ngrdablc. Parfois uno troupe d'opdra ou dc comedic
monte nussi, et donne une representation & toute
vapour. On appelle train-boys les jeuncs gar?ons qui
font le miticr do marchands nmbulants dans les wa¬
gons.

Edison sc fit marchand de joumnux, librairc ct
pAtissier. Cc petit commerce lui rdussit. Alors il
devint notable, il cut dcs jcuncs commis A son ser¬
vice, ot pendant quo scs employe's vendaient les
merchandises qu’il avail nehetdes, ilselivrnit, lui, A
sa passion pour la lecture.

Un jour, parmi les livres qu'il achetait nvec scs
economies, il se trouvn le Traiti! d'analyse tjualila-
lii’O do Fre\cnius. Le jcune Edison s'absorba dcs
hcurcs entidres sur chaquc page de ce livre qui fut

once humnine, alors quo I'esprit de l'homir.e n’est
i entravd par la science oflicielle, toujours prdte A
-•r : Halte-IA! ct toujours portdc A sommeiller
itement sur les lauricrs acquis.

In Europe, les membres dc nos instituts ct de
i acaddmies ddclarent avee une gravitd superbe :
qui pent lire. En Amdrique, les hommes, non

ventd, nul savant professeur nc lui en a fourni les
dications premidres.

Je nc connais qu’une chose plus dtonnante quo les
Scouvcrtcs d’Edison, e’est la personnnlitd d’Edi-
)n, e’est sa vie. Quel roman fnntnstiquc, dmouvant,
icroyable et merveillcux on ferait avee la vie de ce
dldbre dlectricicn I Et commc cette vie personnifie
icn le gdnic hardi du grand peuple amdricain!
Thomas-Alva Edison est nd le to fdvrier 1847 A
Ailan, petite villo de I’Etat dc I'Ohio, mais son cn-
ances’est dcouldc A Port-Huron, dans I'dtnt dc Mi-
:higan. Son pdro a dtd tour A tour taillcur, jardinier,
srocanteur, grainetior; e’est un fort honndte hoaime,

riences sur les mntidres que Frczenius n’avait point
expdrimentdes.

Vivant sur le chemin de fer, n’ayaiit que des res-
sourccs bien minimes, sa erder un laboratoire nu-
rait scmbld A tous une impossibilitd. Edison rdalisa
ce tour de force. Un coin d'un fourgon lui dinit rd-
servd; ilyinstalln fourneau, cornues, creusels, sels,
ncidcs et rdactifs, et en cacheltc, ct A toute vapeur,
il fit ses premidres cxpdricnces; sans maltre, sans
guide aucun, il fit son apprentissage d'cxpdrimenta-

machines, les appareiis du chcmin dc fer, il sc fnufi-
lait dans les bureaux du tdldgraplic, sc faisait cxpli-
quer le fonettonnement des appareiis, demandaitles
ddtails les plus minutieux. La tdldgraphie avail pour
lui une attraction extrdme. On peut dire qu’Edison
est nd dlectricicn.

Toutcs scs dconomics dtaient absorbdes par l'a-
chat de livres de science et par son laboratoire; il
vivait commc un anachordtc, nc sacrifiant ricn au

Il a eu dans ce temps-IA l’idde la plus amdricaine
et la plus originale du monde. En allant acheterles
journatix que revendaient ses train-boys, il npprit la
typographic, puis sc rendit acqudrcur dc vieux ca-
lu Dltroit fine Press ven-
tir ddjA installd un labora-
il-Michigan, it.y installs
n..journald6ht'|Arernltitb'
lositcur et Pimprimcur; il
tdldgraphc aux stations, il.

11 " 5lul luu, i 5C aisant quo enaque ouvrngc con
tenait un peu dc cc grand savoir humain. Lc dic-
tionnairc scicnlifiquo dc Durd ct les principcs de
Newton fixdrcnt pnrticulidrcment son attention.

Lorsquc lc train le ramcnait A son point dc dd-
pnrt, A Port-Huron, nc trouvant IA aucunc biblio-
thdquc, il y occupa scs loisirs A confcctionncr un
tdldgraplic dans In maison do son pi re. Les ddbris-
de mdlaux, dcsvicillcs potcrics hors d’usage lui scr-
virent; cccifait, il travailla A construirc dcs nppa-
rcils dc transmission ct dc rdeeption , il combina.
Ics nmdliorations A apportcr A la tdldgraphie, il dtu-
dia A fond I’dlcctricitd.

Ccs dtudes lui coAtant au lieu dc lui rendre,
ayant passd I'Agc de train-boy, il dut chcrclicr des
rcssourccs dans un mdticr mnnucl; il apprit plu-
sieurs mdtiers sans goAt, car 1’dlectricitd I’attirait.

Un jour il put enfin entrer au tdldgraphc, grAcc A
In protection d'un chef dc garc dont il avail sauvd-
I'cnfanl por un ncte de courage et dc sang-froid.

En 1864, c'cst-A-dirc alors qu’il n'avait encore que
dix-sept ans, il inventa cc qu’il appelle lc systime
duplex, qui consistc A fairc passer simultandmcnt
sur lc mime fil deux ddpichcs cn sens inverse. Il
inventn nussi un cadran ct un enregistreur chi-
mique.

C’cst A Ncw-York, deux ons plus tnrd, que la
fortune n commencd A lui sourirc. Appcld pour rd-
parcr I'indicatcur de la Gold and stoch Company,
non sculcmcnt il s'acquitta A mervcille ct promptc-
ment de cc travail, mais il inventn un apparcil qui
imprimait succcssivcmcnt Ics variations des cours
des valcurs. Cette invention lui fut nehetde trds cher
par la compagnic dc I'Union dcs tdldgrnphcs de
I'Oucst. Dds lors, il cut les moyens desclivrcrA
scs chdrcs dtudes. En moins dc huit ans, il prit
soixantc-scpt brevets; ccci, mieux que dcs phrases,
fait coinprcndrc I’nctivitd prodigicusc dc I’c x-train-
boy. Fort jcunc, il s'est trouvd A In tdtc d'une im¬
mense fortune, car grand nombre dc ses ddcouvertes
lui ont dtd pnydes 500,000 francs comptant, ct bicn
loin dc songcr A s’amuser et A jouir dc sa fortune, il
n consacrd cinq millions A scs cxpdricnces, il s’est
fait construirc A Mcnlo-Parc un laboratoire splcn-
dide, il a dtabli unc fabrique A Newark dans laqudlc
sont employds trois cents ouvriers, il y exploitc unc
dc scs inventions, un tdldgraplic imprimeur.

Cet homme extraordinaire d
mis lui-mdme cn mouvement p
rant dlcctriquc, car il erde, invci
•cpjqu’irtSntnVBAWStiniroU A Ilia
vents; il n'y a guArc que ’trois d
soient trds connucs 'cn France, c

L ,-graphc; bicntAt A ceux que nous aimons et dont
I rOcdan nous sdparc, nous n’enverrons plus un chif-
jfon de papier toujours trds froid ct bicn peu expert
|A dire : jc t’aimc. Nous pourrons envoycr uno
j fcuillc d'dtain qui, rdpdtant Ics caresses dc notre
•organc, lui portera mieux quo nos pensdes unc
■ partic dc nous-mdme, notre voix.

Ilourra pour M. fsdison I

f; Pour finir ma silhouette, jc vais pidtincr un brin
i i sur lc fnmeux mur de la vie privdc ct vous compter
i-commcnt s’est passde lapremidre nuit denocesdc cc

' Tout A la science, Thomas-Alva Edison con-
1 naissait A peine t’amour dc nom, il n'avait jamais
| pris lc temps de rdlldchir A ce que pouvait bicn dtro
• ce sentiment-lA. Un jour, dans sa fabrique, il re-
•mnrqua miss Mary Stillwell, unc jcunc fillc qui
ijidtait son employd; il lui trouvn la physionomic sym-
rbpathiquc, I'air doux ct intelligent; il la revit avee
Iplaisir, puis il fut tout dtonnd de voir toujours
jSapparaltrc dans scs rdves lc charmant visage de
■ •miss Stillwell, il Unit par comprcndre qu’il dtait at-
.."tcint de cc mal nommd amour, ct sans plus de
-jprdambulc, il dit un jour Ala jcunc fille: « Voulez-
;|ivous devenir M* 1 Edison? »

, j Quel rdvc pour la simple ouvridre I Un mois aprds
I cettc demande, il se mariait sans fastc, sans fdtc, un
' repas rdunit les families, puis il emmena sa femme
f^lans la maison, il lui en fit Ics honneurs, puis il lui
dit: « Ma chdre Mary, installcz-vous et permettez-
•moi d'aller passer un quart d’heure A la fabrique,
vine simple inspection A fairc et jc reviens.»
j Unc ro'is A sa fabrique, il entre dans son Inbora-
ftoirc, et voilA que sa maltrcssc adorde, la science,

- nuit, il dtait devantsa cornue; un des tdmoins dc
''•son mnriage, passant par hnsard devant son labora-
Jtoirc, y voit dc la lumidre, il y monte, croyant que
Ides malfaiteurs profitaient de la circonstancc pour
1 ijddvaiiser son ami, ct il trouve l’invcnteur absorbd
Jdans son travail:

_Quo fais-tu IA, malhcureux ? s’dcrie-t-il.

— Mais tu le vois, jc travaillc, rdpond Edison

que veux-tu que disc ta femme ?

Edison sc frappe le front ct sc levant vivement

EXPOSITION D’ELECTRICITE

Dcpuis huit jours, Ics Parisiens, impatients commc
dc grands enfants gAtcs qu'ils sont, allaicnt chaquc
soir a la portc dc l’Expositionl On n’entre pas!...
clisait lc sergent dc villc, gardicn dcla portc!

Us n’ont ricn perdu pour attendre. M. Berger a
fait mcrvcillc: e’est impossible dc mieux fairc ct dc
fairc plus artistement, car l’art jouc memo un grand
role dans ccttc exposition scicntifique... ct commc
cette lumidre, dclatantc ct pourtant douce, sied mcr-
vcilleuscment aux tableaux, aux statues ct aux vieillcs
tenturcs; die donne aux chairs unc transparence
telle, que la Vdnus parait s’animer; les paysages,
eclaircs par cllc, vous donnent tour A tour l’illusion
d’un lever da solcil ct du declin du jour. Avoir rcuni
la science, l’art ct l’industric, e’est unc idee grande,
car cc sont li les trois forces constttuant la civihsa-
tion ct Icprogris. Cette exposition ofTre dcsdlcments
plus attractifs que ceux de l’cxposition du Champ de
Mars, ct, vouslcvcrrcz, lc public s’y portera cn foulc;
cllc est instance si imclligcmmcnt quemdme les igno-
rants sont intcrcsscs ct charmds. L’dlcctricitc est la
fee moderne; cllc nous a ddju donnddes mervcdlcs,
clle nous reserve bien dcs surprises encore; cllc repre-
sente l’avcnir ct cllc nous lc laisse entrevoir tout cn-
solcillc par sa lumidre dordc parfois commc les rayons
du solcil ct parfois argentic commc la lumidre dc
I’astrc ties nuits.

L’clcctricitc n’est pas unc science morose, clle est
gaie, brillantc, ddatantc ; cllc a un quclque chose de
surnaturcl qui charmc l’imaginanon, ct les tours de
force qu’cllc accomplit ont un caractdre mcrvcil-
lcuxqui sdduit l’homme.

Or.lcc a 1’amahilM »>• qui a b.cn youlu

invitcr la Presse vendredi, nous avons assiste a une
rdpdtition generals dcs plus intdressantes. Gjimbetta

avait^une'nombrcuse^our, irdait*uds entoure et son

• ca)mc ct sa tisfait prouvait que les Belles lllois
hurlcurs, s’ils ont cru le troublcr, ont bien manque
leur vilain but, ils en sont pour leur igosillade ct leur
mauvaisc et antipatriotique action.

Dans cette promenade, a travers Ics sections di-
vcrscs, a travers les salons, les musics, la sallc des
conferences, je n’ai pu que constater un anaoncelie-
ment de choscs curicuscs et trds intcrcssantcs, ] ai
fait cette remarque, quc'outcs 1« inventions dlec-

triques, si dies sont C omme but «teint, si

Tiror dc la musique du feu, p’est

Bonne nouvelle pour mes lcctriccs
trique redd plus jolics les jolies, clle 1
les laidcsj

meurt dans une famillccst regrettai
femme...ndepuis Plautc qui a affiri
tile dc choisir entre les femmes, ca
vaut ricn. iusqu’dDumas fils, qui Pc
qu’il cOt trouve son chemin dc Dai
du pays tie Job, mon avis est que
moins bicn la femme qu’il nc conn
le plus petit ct lc plu in ignifiar
mais il est deux classes d’hommes p

et son Ame par les confessions que
font; lc prdtre nc connait que l’ctrc

cause physiologique qui lesa produ

sur h femme fait de la phrascologi
ou moins spiritucllemcnt.,

Ccci dtant ma conviction prof
penscr, monsieur, quel plaisir cc
pouvoir traiter cc sujet: la /emiu
jourd’hui,;le Papillon est tout u la
lectricitd; il parle dcs Feuhiens, cn
la place me fait ddfaut pour trailer
ic dois renvoyer ma reponse A dii
pourtant jc tiens A repondre dds
paraphe ife votre lettre : « La fem
dans la vi«j politique, cc « peu » c
cc « tout -jdans la vie intime, vou

uenie Modfmer

lit iicnl'biix do pdu-
ibles fcliimes <|Ul out
providence dtis iiml-
, et dont In grace et
des immortelles do
ii Ilotbseliild.
lo bouheur dospnu-

ii’o grande fuiblosso
i Ion fetes splondidos

ees sent, grand amateur et ami lies nets et
lou- collectloimour eruilU.

!«t'S II continue, nveo ses front*, In t radition .
jiatoMiello.

flu ' H t n qiielqilcs senliiinos settlement,
out nlors quo lo consul (pluoral d'ltulio 4
lil1 ' 'l'utils avail, par une folio ardour, com-
J "t prouiis les bons rapports outre l’ltnliu et
>1" la France, et, qtt’tiu delii des Alpus, ou-
blioux dn passe, la plupart des jonmaux
au " preebaioni la guerre eontre la France et
quo le gouverncmenl italimi voulait cou-
tracter un empriint do 700 millions, em-
prunt do guerre, disait-ou, M. le baron
ue ■‘Ujilionso do llotlischild, mu par un son-
mil tiiuo'it de ddlientesse et do patriotisme,
sso rompit les ndgociatious eulamees ot re¬
des fll8U l * usu ull:u 'S ur de eel cinjiruiit.

1“roils fails n’ont pas besoiu do
uounnciiiaires, Us park-lit haul.

1 0 Notre cadre est ici trap rcstreint pour
ire l l““ nous parlions des Ilotbseliild du l.ou-
dies, de Vienne, de Franeforl; e'est le

re Mono tenons ii dire quo nous no sonuuos
le l ,as Israelite,.et.yue nous nitrous pus
r/iounourdocomiailreAlJf.do Ilotbseliild.

!o A'ous aurions jni parlor des Pereira, des
o d tiolital, des Uicliofslieim, des Muutc-
tioro ct do taut d’autres Israelites qui out
x rendu et reudenl encore do grands ser-
- '’ 1CL! ’ ‘ mais s ' l es lecteurs du Gome mu-

dei-iio veulent bleu se rappolor uotru pre-
0 mier article, its eoiuprciidront quo si
t nous avons fait clioix do la Matson do =
!( Rothschild, cost quelle est la plus
» " lL ; et 1,1 I'lns gloriouso porsonnilica-
i lion do la faiuilio jnivo.

11V avail la une autithbse ii ddvolopiicr
. qm llaltail notro luauidro do voir ot co
, onoix nous pormottuit do la faire rossor- .
lir area plus d’autoritu, ot, on conspinml,
eoiuiuo une auie lioniidto doit lo fairo, les
aetes barbarcs qui so comnioltcnt on eo
inomeut on Itussio, actcs eriminols tlc-
1 nnnianilo, quo la raison reproilve,
e on proto-slant uvoc indignation cou-
aiiti-sunutiqnc qul fait
taut do lapago ot do si vilaines cliosos on
■Ulemagno, nous avons ro.npli un de-

EDISON ET SES INVENTIONS

$sss

. sc ssszfssirt
^■latssix SSHS

urft ^4S2r tai, "“ u “-

a. l’autro uuo rouo pour idglor la rapiditd
dos mouvomontsdo rotation do Papparoll.
huivunt quo co mouvomont so fait d'avmit
ou arrioro ou d’nrrioro ou avant, lo cylhi-
dro, grtlco an pas do vis, cxdculoro un
mouvemoutdo Iwiislutlbu lioriroutulo do
drolto a gauoho ou do gauclm ii droite.

L.apparoil conduisant les vibrations est'
uuo espdeo d’entoimoir qui i-eposo sur uno
tigo on for; collo-oi so trouvo porpondi-
ciilaireiiiont sur un autro morcoau do for
' 801 '" 11 ‘“Pproclior ou ii eloigner l’ins-
ti uinont du cylindro. Cot ontomioir so
■' nomposo d’uno omhoucliiiro pour y appli-
quor la bouclte, d'uno plaquo vibranlo on
tolo do for circulairo ct tros mlnco.placdo
lmniLclmlcinciil demure l’cmbouclmro,
'ossortarnid d'uii stylet ot placd dor-
iiui-u couo plaquo; il ost supportc par
t uno tigo on ouivro ot rolitS uveo la pluquo
uu moyoii d un petit morcoau do caout¬
chouc. bolon qii’on rapproolio ou dlolgno
i i Liiionnoir du cylindro, lo stylot ost ai>-
puyo sur lo oyllndro on diolgnd do lui. 1
Lorsqu'on parlo dans l'oiitonnoir, la
phiquovibre4mcsi.ro quo los dilldronts
sons sorlis do la bouclio Vieimcnt la fran-
I 1 ;' 1 '’ 01 lc stylet, qui fait corps avec la
plaque, vibru ausni a ruuisson et iuipri-

cvliiidro 0 , "“ i ‘! U rec °nvraut lo

ojhudi i, ct ai de laqucllo 11 est on contact,
pout point, un petit ti-ou. 1:„ m£l „„
oui 1 S nil moyoii do la manivclle it main,
on fait executor an cylindro uno siirio do
liiouyonionts do rotation riiguliera, et il
oil resultora uno courbe lidlicoldalc nor- i
taiil uuo sdrie do iiotiU points plus ou .
looms proiioiices, suivant quo la tonalitu 1
. o .i notoem.se aura old jilus on moins i
1 par consequent, la phrase pro- i
. ucoo dans 1 oiiloniioir so trourcra gra- i
yog sur la fcullle d’etaiu. On n'a ntus au'-. i

■ ' ral 1 ' 6?U M.l‘ r - dll " S UUD '' l I’sU Ubro, et 1
cola iiidiSiliiimont. On eloiguo it cot offol, ,
d<i lil reuille 'I’dtaiu; on imprimo c
Ai oyhndra uu mouvemeut do rolatiou oil s
■ us luvorso ot Oil lo rumdno uu point oii i
U so trouvuit avant l'umissiou do la voix *
On rappropho lo stylot do la fouille dVtaiii.

ot, onsorolovunt, il fora vibror lo rcssort

>.UO,'.'°°I la<iq “ 0 7 t plaquo do Kilo qui fait '

ooipa avoo Jul; otcotto vibration som

I" 0 ' 0 d ° Colla < l u ‘ a ongei >- v,
did les trous; les eons raprodults oar la '!
plaquo soraut done uussi los monies. ?!
n , "J i a “ S cot a PP“ rail Pinconvd-
mont quo, lo mouvomont imprimd an i;
cylmdro n’dtaut pas absolumeut uuifor- '
nio, o pliouographo no pouvaitpasrondro n„
oxactoment la totalitd do la phrase
iioncdo; a cot effot, on a romplucd la maSi- ™

v olio u main par un mouvomont d’horlo- ,.v]
gone qui doimo au cylindro un motive-
ment do rotation reguJier.
f ,,i? W* ost spdcialomout af- L'
fecto a la transmission des uombres co SS
qu il fait plus rapidoinont quo lo tdld- ion
Biapho Morse. Dans les Etats-Unis on s’en
sort pour fairo conualtro aux diddrontos c l,i
ulles do commerco les cours dos hallos ot du
des marohds. JMj

Le quadruple#-telegraph permot do col!
transinottro quatro ddpdolics 4 la fois par nmi
lo mdmo ill. Au liou do destination, 1’ap- sidi
paroil rdeepteur les ddmdlo automatiquo- U.(
mont ot los roconstituo distinctos ot sd- piti
pardcs. j lrcl

Vilectro-motograph est Important sur- iinn
tout sous lo point do vuo thdorique, puis- P
qu’il ddmontre, quo dans los apparails td- qua

i aimauts. Uno tige ludtulllqllo iiolhtuo,

. oinnuinclieo dans uno sorto de imrto-
t crayon, ost miso oil mouvomont par le

- corn-ant oloctrlqiio an moyon dbni petit
, arbro do coucho ot d’Uil oxcouti-iquo.

’ ra!; 0 .“ u ? llt . n,<!8 . t ,Mls cuuUuu « 11 ° st

■. to "»*«c,"t «rftco a,uuo disposition parti-

- < i ul ‘ ur( ; <<“ * “PPareii. (Id shut les sommots
. do trais petite ednos qui ilaus Pospacc

“ »»c revolution a Poxcoutrlqlio vieiinont
• so iiiotli-o ou contact avoo l'almaiit ot rd-
tabln-lo couraut. Par consijqtioiit, si. oil
proud Oil main lo pot-lo-oral-uli nl-md do
cottc tlgii iiidlulllqllo ulolilloi ot tm'im
s on soi-Vo jioUi- ddrii-o cdiilluotl'lino piniuo
ordnialro, on ayaut copolulaut solu do la
tomr poi‘|iuinlloulalra mi (luiilcr la
pliraso dci-lto so tl-oliVoru forindo par dos
lottras traedcs eh -iiotiitillds. dgnlomont
distants los uus dos uutres ot qui no los
dotacllelit pas du paplor. Uno fols la
phrase dento ou lo dcssin praduit, on
« a qu a praudra la foulllo blanclm ot , au

moyond un rouleau cuduitd’ouci-ograsso,

I iiiiprunor sur cotlo socondo fctiille.
b operation peutso rdputer iiiddllniinonl
1-vidouiinoiit, les udgociants qui out sou-
vent a envoyer uu grand nombro do cir-
culairos Sdlublablos los lines aux autres
onl l« .... moyon faoilo iioi.-soulomoi.t
d accdlerer 1 exdcutiou do lours dcrituros,
0,, I C0, '“ <?» rdaliaor uno dcouomio sur
le-|iiix doroviciit d'uno impression lillio-
grapluquc.

I-aerophone repose sur cello l-oinaniuo
i jJ l V> on parlo dans un couraut

duir la voix aujunentc d'intonsilo, ot
Imuophono domic u la voix uuoliitonsild
i«0 fois Kiiporioui-o a son iiilcusild uor-
lualc, do lollo fa.;on qu'en parlant dans
cot iqiparoU, on JHiurra so fairo entendre
a uuoi distance do deux lioucs. Nobs-
u eii dirons pas davantage, pulsoue nous
avons aujourd'hui des apparails do cotte
osiwco.boaucoup plus porfeotioiinds; il i

suflit do rappolor quo Fuorophouo a etc lo I

precursour du telephone. .

J.l-'.innn. j

pm- Pocli otfenicnt dos sbuduros qui rdu-
iiissenti filoiix mdtaux dont olios sout
compose ,- onflri. la- tibisiomo compre-
iimit lu le sccondairo, qui apropromcuC
parlor i st jias two pllo piiisqu'cllo no
produit atd'dlectrlcitd ot qu'ollu no fait
quo do ssorver collo-oi ot lu dopeusor
quaiidli aoiucnt cat vouu.

‘N’ous iparloroiis plus tai-il do colto
pile, d'i mition touto luodoi-nootqiiiesl,
ou quoli t sorto, a l’ordro du jour.

I.aclu »3 comprond los machines nia-
guiSto-dl itriqucsot dyiiumo-dlectriques;
nous iij illorans tout |iai-ticulioroinoiit
1 attent ides visitoura sur cos machines
qui non uriiisseiitsldconomiquomcullc
Uuido i itriquo, out l'avaulago do no
pas s'di or comme los piles el soul tou- i
jours |i i» 4. fonctloiinor. j

Daiis donxldibV grolipe, classo.3, on
trouvo cdbfcd,' flls ot acecssoiros aer-.
vmit n transmission do l’dlectricitd.
Cost ai dans ootto Ctusso quo figureiil I
los pur nerres.

Lo ti Smo groupo comproud les up-
paroils i doivont sorvir do niosuros
oloolrii . Lo congrus iiitornutional d'o-
loctrlc rdccninieiil erdo s'ocoiqeora do
Uxor it nlti unique do mesuro died ri-
que, cIBciuollomciit cotto unite vurie
suivauB dilTurouts jniys.

Vicnffimilo lo quatridmo groupo, qui
olTro Jiffllont lo monde un grand intc-
rot; cHjoii olliil colui qui comprond
Vapplittht da Veleetriuitd. Cost ml do
cojix qWotis dtiidiorons uvoc lu plus do

•Nous iio nous lassoruiis pas do rdiidtor
uctlo assertion et nuns njonloroils mdmo
quo In raison doiiueo par notro eonfidro
cotto Infraction aux lois do

II ost fort dlrango, d'aillcurs, quo lorsqu'il
ost dangeroux jiour les granites porsounos
do circulor prds des imiehinos, dei entries
gmtuitee rniimt ueconliet lurgcment uux cn-
/urate dee deoles, olio/, losquols In prudonco
I n'cat gdiidraloiiioul jias la qunlitO domlnanlo.

&EUS - E'Q&t-HSe

l.u ills do M. Prud'iiouiino, — jduiiohoniu^^
trds distingud, — vient d’elru nommd pro-
curour do la lldpubliquo. Il a 4 fairo sos d6-
buts dans uno affniro d’infanticide. Prenant
une attltudo solcnnollo, il so tournc du cold
do la Cour.

— .Messiours do fa Corn-, ilit-ll, vous me
jieruiollroz do vous^ fairo romarquor quo de

monstruoux, oarc’ost colui qui lend 1c phis
4 ddsurgunlscr la fainillc.

uo ontni deux dailies (gonre Zulu
0S licurcusc, toil protcctour ost u
, limis il no to rofuso 1-toil,
as beau dire, co viellhml est u

i A TRAVERS L'EXPOSITION

1 L'oxiwsilioii d'dlootrlcltd, dont los tra-
vaux sont malhtoiimit 4 pou prds tor-
rnmea, ostappoleo 4 l-dvdlor au public
do vdritablcs morvolllos taut au point do
vuo sclontUlquo qu'au point do vuo prtt-
ttquo. 1

Nous lo dtslons d'aillours blcn avant la
lln dol installation : l'oximsltion aura un
plcln succds, car non souiomont olio iutd-
i cssera les homines do soicnco, mals olio
oxcllera au plus limit point la curiositd
do tout lo mondo. Cotto pi-ddictlon s’ost
plcinoluont rdalisdo, nous n’on voulons
Ijour prouvo quo la ttatistiquo suivanto
dont nous garantissons 1'exactitude : Lo
jour do ' l’ouvorturo, quoiquo poraomio
n ignorat quo los travaux dtuient iua-
Chovdsot qu’il dtait impossiblo do jouir
du coup d mil raorvoilloux qu'ofTro lo na-
lais dclaird 4 la lumidre dloctriquo, oil a
compliS oil tout fi.80A entrees; fo londo-
mmn le chiiTro dtait do 3.10O ot lo troi-
i our ’ c’cst-4-diro diiuauchc dornier
t/1.008 promonoura iinpiitioiits so in-ooi-
pitalont dans lo palais pom- rondi-o uno
preiuiLio vislto uux Ingdnieux apparoils
linnginos par la sciouco ot l’industric,
Pour nous, grande n dtu notro umotiou
qumid, pour la promidro fois. hour «>»„

S ilquo agrail do Gray (Jligraphe hurmo-

La Ao 7 conticiil los Idldphones,
s mici-ojfflios, photopliouos avco lours ap-
i- jilicatin. A cdtd do cos curieux appa-
1 ‘'C'lc, oBouvora I’inslallatioii des postos

i tdldpliBiics; l’audition, dans lino sallo
spocinffios chants do l'Opdra,co qui lui

I.a. 8 ost nlscrvdo ii I'dclairago
ulectH , dont nous avons dojii parld et
dont 1 i parloroils longuoniont encore.

Dan classo 0, nous trouvons les mo-
tom-s i riques, lo transport dos forces,

Luintir

Viom it onsuito la classo 10 (dlcclri-
citd m« ailo); classo 11 (dlcctro-chiinio);
puls la asso 12 dans laqucllo figurant
los aim its, los boussolcs, los dleotro-
aimanli t tons los instruments do preci¬
sion; m in viont la classo 13, qui eom-
pyend lo is les apparoils oITrant uu inld-
rdt spit il uux const i-uctours et aux spd-
cialistcs

Dans 11 sixidmo groupo (classo 15) sout
phicds ti utes los collections d’oiiviugcs,
los plan , los cartos so rapporlaut ii 1*6-

lcctricil .

La cluso 10 ost trds iuteressanle au
point do vuo Uo l’histoiro do l’olectricitd.
L4 so troiivont classds uuo foulo d’nppa-
reils'-pliis ou moiits aucicns ot d'instru-
mduts- ayaut sorvi a oxdcutor dos oxpd-
l-iohcos cdldhros.

Happolons soiilemoiit aiijomxl'biii ii nos
lecteurs l’iiistallution do co petit chcmin
do for bijou qt ii nous conduit do lu place
do la Concorde uu Palais, lo canol dlec-
trlquo do M. G . Trouv d, „„i naviguo sur
Uno riyidi-o lim pu H C n UU ot 1’iidrostal di-
l-igcablcqu'oXposo MJ G. Tissiimlici-.

Nous osperonu ravouir loiigiiomoiil sui-

cotte odour '.’ Monsieur vout pout-dtro parlor
dos creveltes t Elios sont tros tratchcs j olios
no font quo d’arriver do Cherbourg.

— Sacrd nonit Elios sont venues 4 pied,

Un pochard, huUl'tant un tounoau do li-
guos ouvort 4 la porte d’un epicier do la ruu
dos Lombards, est subitcinont pris d’uu vio-
lonOnal do cuiur..., ot taebo un ronard au
beau milieu dos fruits. L’dpicicrsortfurieux,
lo pousso on lui disant: Comment, goujat,
vonir fairo dos bori-eui-s parodies dans'mes
llgues .’ Lo pochard, apres s’etre ossuyd la
liouclic av-cc su niancbo, lui l-dpond d’un air

croynis quo c'dtnit dos prunoaux ?

Deux lvrognes desccndent la rue do la Ito-
quotte, cn ddcrivant sur lo trottoir des cour-
bes ausst fanlastiquos quo multiplides.

— Farceur do Galuohet, dit l’un d’eux, cn
tro doux hoqucls, tu ne m'y reprandras plus
4 l'onlerroment do ta fommo 1

Une rdflexton do pochard :

C’cst-y dtonnant, q4! disait-il on passant
dovanl la boutiquo d’un boulangor; voi!4,
un mtlron qui prend du bois pour avoir
do la braise; mol, il faut quo jo donne do la
braiso pour avoir du bois.

Lu th&Urc iluGyinnaao viuntdo i'upi^auii*-
ter Les Elections, une pi6eo angl.iiso do Ito-
berlson. ndaptdo A la scfcnc Iiamjaisc pai
M ,no Gustave Haller.

L'etto pi6co a cu plus de UiUO reprtaenta
lions en Andelerrc: e’est un sneers nbeno-

pus specialoment de la luour pliosphores-
cente qu'oii observe dans le vido baro-
mulriquo durant lTigitntion de la eolomie
mercuriollc, nous oilerons an commcn-
eementdu XV1U" sieele, Jean Ilernoulli
qni voyait, dans ee phenomena un raouve-
menl do l'ether qui anralt p6notr6 par los
pores du verro dans eo quo l’ou appolait
lo videde Torricelli. Iincolemps-la, cette

1 phosphorescence (Stall pour presquu tous

■ les physicians un phosphoro parUculicr
le noaliluca mcrmwialu. On s’occupult
plus d’ailleurs du phosphoro quo do l'e-

■ lectricitc, eb corps otrangc, luisant dans
los lonobrcs etuit la eurlositb do tout lo

> moudu.

(/I euivre.) Auou'ini Uuunet,

Nous prilvenons not nouveaux leatoure
tiu'ils nourront toujours so procurer aux
bureaux da Gbnle Modefne, 17, rue

villcs do commereu les cours (los hallos ct
dos marches.

Le quadruple# - telegraph pcriuot do
transmettro quatru dbpochcs is. la fois par
lo mbmo 111. Au lieu do dcstinaUon, I'ap-
paroil reeepleur les ddmele nutomatique-
raent et les roconslituo distinctoa ot su-

Velectro-motarjraph oat Important sur-
Jout sous lo point de vuo thuorique, puis-
qu’il ddmontre, quo dans lcaapparoils 14-
lugraphiques do Morse, les eburants pou-
vout etre obtemis sans lo sccours d’un
eloctro-aimasit.' On suit quo daus le 1414-
graphe Morse, un stylet imprime au lieu
do reception sur lino bando de papior uno
aei'ie de points ou de traits, apres quo lo
courant magndtiquo eat retabli au moyou
du contact avcC l'bloctro-aimant d’uu le-
vior plaod au poiut d'cxpddition. L’dlcc-
tro-motograph tonctionno sans magnd-
tistae; ou frottant avoo lo produit d’uuo
cotabinulson chimiquo uno baude de pa-
piOr, on obtiont un ddgagoiucnt d’dlcc-
tricitd qui ro fait scutir h la station do
reception. Par un frottement plus ou
inolns prolongi, on rdallso dgalcinont
uno sdrio do points ot do traits comm-
pondants aux diffdrentos loltres de I’ol-
pliabct.

La plume itealrique cst uno application
du principo do Faruday rolutif aux cou-
rabte d'mduction. L’apporoil bo com'
poso d’uno pilo relido u. doux dlcctro-

clieves et quil dtait impossible du jouir
du coup d’ccil merveilloux qu'oilre lo pa¬
lais delaird 4. laliimidrc ulcctriquc, on a
coinptd cn tout hJBOh entrees; le londe-
main le chifire dtait de 3. l60 ot le troi-
sieme jour, e'est-a-diro dimaiiche dornicr
14.008 promeneui-s impaticnts so preoi-
pitaient dans lo paliiiH pom- l-ondro une
premiere visite aux ingdnieux ap'pareils
imagines par la science et 1’iudustrio,

Pour nous, grande a dte notre emotion
quaud, i>our la premiere fois, nous avons
peudtrd duns cc palais Cdcriquc, aussi
n'avons-nous fait oncorc quo joter un
coup d'uuil general sur chacuu des six
groupes, dont cst composdc noire, gi-aude
Exposition nationale, nous nous conton-
lorons done pour aujdurd'hul d’dnumdrer
les machines el instruments dontsecom-
posent cos six groupes lesquols sont sub-
divisds en seize classes.

Dans le premier, nous trouvons toutes
les machines servant ii produire del'dlcc-
tricitd. La cla'sso 1 comprcnd les ma¬
chines pi-oduisant do l'dlcctrlcitd par lo
frottement (dlcctrlcitd statique).

La classc2 renformolos piles; cos piles
sont divisdes on trols catdgorles:

La premiere qui comprond los piles
ordinairesou prlmairos (piles do Volta,
Wollaston, Daniol, liunson, ole.), onun'
mot piles produisanl do Pdloolricitd is
l’uide d’un acido atlaquaut un mdtal; la
douxiemo qui comprend Iob piles tliormo-
dlcctriqucs qui produisent do l’dlcctricitd

Ilappclous scnlement aujourd'lmi ii nos
lccteurs l’inslallation de ce petit chemiu
de for bijou qni nous conduit de la place
de la Concorde au Palais, le canot dloc-
triquo do M. G. Trouvd, qui uavigue sur
une rividro lilliputicnuo et l'aerostal (li-
l-igcablo qu’oxpose M. G. Tissandior.

Nous esperons reveuir lougllomeiit sur
toutes ces mervoilles dans noire pro-
ohaiue causerie, tout on etiuliiiiit dans
des articles spdeiaux les apparoils ou
instruments, les plus pratiques el sur
lcsquelsjlo visitour doit principalcmunl
fixer soitaltcntiou.

ContrsirsmoiiL ;ms usages ordlnniros pour
los expositions <lu Palais du lTudusIrie, II ii'y
aura pas de Jour d'ontrito prnlullu Cotlo nio-
suro a (Sid comnminlCo par la nCcessltd do no
pas avoir trap d'eiicontiireinoiU, A cole do ma¬
chines <|ul pouvont filro dnngurouscs. Du rosto,
nous savons portiiionimonl qu'oiim-cordora
largonioutdos ontriSos gratullcs pour los Ccolos.

N'ous 1c dlslons dans hotre dernier article,
it cst fort rcgrottablo qu’uno exposition,
•'but le but principal est do donner it tone
l'auiour dos scionccs,'. no soil pas ouvertc
gratuitement au public uno fois ou deux
jiar somalno. '

bu tUeAtrc duGyinnaso vionl do reprdsen-
• Lee Elections, une piece anglaise de lio-
rlson, adaptive A la seCno tranealse par
"" Gustavo Haller.

Cette piece a ou plus de 1,/itiO reprCscnta-
ins on AnElelerrc; e'est un succes pliAno-
ftnal.Saulomcnt pour nous autres Franqnls,

lnunal.SouIoinent pour nous autres Franqnls,
la donnbe ii’est pas noiivcllo: .. Un gentil-
lioiumo pauvi o traraitle, en attendant qu'il
puisse faint vnloir certains droits, i aime
uno jeuno llllo riche quo lo Ills d'un imbecile,
imbbcilo lut memo et nrelu-millionnniro,
(Wsire epousor. Aux elections, les doux rl-
vaux sont un presence, sollicitant lo mCrne
mandat dans un boui-g .. pound » ct malgre
toute sorto d’intrigties et la puissanco de
l’argent, lo gontllliomme pauvre cst elu, ses
droits A une grande fortune sont reconnus
ot il Apoiiso la jeuno personno.

Tel est lo cauovns de cette piece agi-emon-
teu du furces nnglnises qui out pour nous
<> un gout do torroir brltannique » un pen
trap prononce.

I.mpressons-uous do dire quo MM. Cliar-
pontior, billiard, Tonne, M"'° Itaynard et Ge-

interpretent vrailuent d'unomaniero romar-
quublu, avue boaucoup du tenue et d’on-

^nJpro^panTiTsW^'HV «Vd OHVHJ NCI•»1«M ’P IncOT a tJ l ‘"°l suc t* c I

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r&mmatt lo&alf

Iu concluding tlicso remarks nbont intermediate lights I must again etato
that, allliougli raoro oxpensivo por canillo power, they may bo economical
in many eases, owing to tlioir not wasting tlio light by illuminating ostrava-'
ganliy tlio objects in tlioir immediato vicinity.

Menlo Park Scrapbook, Cat. 1069

This scrapbook covers the period 3une-November 1881 and contains clippings
relating to the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881. Included are detailed
descriptions of the exhibits of Edison's competitors, including Faure, Gramme,
Jablochkoff, and Siemens. The spine is labeled "T. A. Edison No. 51." The book
contains 142 numbered pages.

Blank pages not filmed: 1-7, 74-142.

iMr.

kj W^A/vt- ivrt .h WV- WW.M/VN

' ■_^^Uj. vHayXi_

I.K 8 II.LIUHNATIONS

i'll': Iricilii u out: mi .grand rdlf dans la
ti'. cl sa lumieiv. a illuuiii.u los boulevards.
. .si •[■■> les ir.unuinenls publics,
i l/appliCiiUon In plus liuu.'uiup ill! r.'leclri-
\ciluuci6 la.lo.'iiicnue do I'Opira. all, aim
thui'cii 1 ': dr I t Sat i a aiutricainc Kilisi I.

\ !-■» .epresenlunis ii I’arii do ii'lln S icii'lii
sc sent nioiilris prudigui’* ct nous devous
MBn remcreicr ; ils n dlairnt puiul leuus a
' ■inifcsliT lc U jiililel. iimis ils oul vuulu
parlieiper i lo fiilc dc la F"aniv, cn ri'ion-
ifiaiss»nce dc cc i|iic la France a parlici|>£ J
/la gramlc file dc la di'liiraucc lie I Aiutrl-

, poix, Re;. , ..

, RoqucHc, rue Scilaine. ....
: dices, faubourg Saint—Antuii

voli, faubourg Saint-Denis, fauLoiiri
ainrlin, rue Suinl-JJarlin,
rue de Rambuteau,

, A . u . m °y en d’un raicanisme 'dca nltis
nn?nS a“ X ’ q w P S u !i 8 L adapter &' tout np-
m a »n U .i ??*»'•¥• E ? drta eat arrivd A aifi.

par une simple pression

.tocsin 1 agy:

. iwi'onncf] quo pourrait intdressdP’ncnf

mente aans les bureaux du journal

, SEssKa'aas

excibicattbo capotiiioo, o

macliinu i|ttinzc cents lauipcs dans lc palais
tie I Industrie cl duns les Champs-Iilysces.
Cod nous dunnera une idCc dc r(cluirago
Je Ncw-Yui k. organists par .11. Edison ct au—

ouvners pour inonier les II.,000 lauipcs dcj&
eoninianuiSes.

Nous n'entrorons pas dans les dblails dcs
diircivnlcs fetes organises par cliaquearmn-
disscnirnt lie Paris, ct i|ui eonsislcnt presi|uc
loulcs cn ri'iroiles. coin oi ls tlii'iilres foi'uins,
lials clianipPIres el jeux dc loulcssorles.il y a
en rivalili culre urns les aiionilisscinenls.'cl
Foil ne sail lci|ucl a reuni le plus d'atlrac

Hue dc III Guullc d’or, de Fjnndrcs, dcs
Charhonniers, Lcpic, Hca Lourg, Quincam- i
.r, Philippe do GiSt'iiril, lie la

Temple,

department rctcrri'il uxeli

At llm Untied Staten hc<

I.. llm lVonldri

courtnlu. l'lio Kxlilbllloi
tmnnluriiicd nil i ,cttirUl

Slnti'S unit port of llm n

riio clcotrlo nilwarta.nl
not jot la working ordor.
trio boat anil tbo lo-cnllei

traded o gnat itcnl of ulle
Play prmiitaoo, when coni]
tlio inoit popular la llm exli
nlltlit 000 Editor, Halit,

„' . and Morsel r EdUoti. fau .wonV-»orid -ir'ldol :«■««*»» Tronro'
«i Inmorljy liU :improTemeat. ujSn tlio tolo-; 'afS Scm'imii
b l plion*, by.hia phonograph, and especially. {J“ “•

bis cUolU to solve tho problem of electric IroiiVoomploln 11

Interest In .be Frcnbliliadpart
icni boat*, and j'uiuvtaoJ&bttlcal ,
clictrfuUy may bo. atorod.- Tbo
not iimt-u luuroadvuncod.tlma

lb othor thill Re, «ho loads tho world.

a. ail% |~

\ TllE ELECTRICAL EXUiniTlON. 1 «

THE ELECTRIC EXHIBITION.

I 0, bUik tLaJ#:.
' it 1VW"

^V v ^y|

lia ICiecirlo Exhibition In Pnrli. I
, is to bo regretted that our tthnro ia tli<

lit uUould bo behindhand. Americans
o .nutty for energy would ospeot ia tlio.

exposition of elcotrical soionoo
riciuisshould tako n.promlnorit part.,
■o in no department of liuman ondoaror

t electrical Bcioncc. Oiio of tho cdrlioat I
most enduring cluimoof Franklin to lm -1
talily was a discovery in olcctricity.- Wo
to Morse tbo magnificent dlMOYOljr'ofi
telegraph. Moll Las suppleroontbd lliis;

U. Sainte-Claire Deville, do l’Acaddmie

public losiuy. u is lu o very mir.-a.iy .tuts. des 8C iencos, vient do mourir it Boulogne- i

I.di.u", .-smutur,,. «... .d.j,Tt ;,r mnci. curi BUr _s e i n c, apris uno longuo maladie.

few d.v, ..pnruto in tbo EdUim «iio»-. iL Saintc-Clalro pcville dtalt. nn do i

\vht.ih w ni to ninniimiuicd by four nos plus savants chiaiistea; sea travaux.

n ll pq'cm.nl,” 0 lurupv E unnt considerables, et Vce'nvre qu’il laiss e,

most .pam or iho furi-iipi rmmtrics rupee- :’Stfrrl6ro lui des plus Importantes. - Sans] 9

oE™u jEcomo'nrf'imuoud Icompter se» rccherches snr aluminium ,t |

a morion." cornnpnndrtiu »iuto tbot I'mnCT • qu’11 a, pour aiusi dire, ddcouvert uno so- ,

lun-ni. to Imvo brat rrollted tbo eclrntltlo unit .COndo fbU, ct dont il a, tout au moins,

r^]r.'q| m | P !. rU !.' l °" t“Id.^.u-vv'T'.’ uot inisenrelieflespropridtds sptSciales, on.

bavins .t«. brinit ber cal,ibits * from n • doit porter 4 Bonaclifune nouTolle rndtho-

diiiunco oud lunn tin. cucrjjotia man- de d'analyso cliimique, dito do voie moycn-

‘l* „"’ 0 j„'|'""“'7***"5 . ue, qul conBlste dans Vwnploi exclusif des -

M.rtnoTnn* oLopemtcd.* Jlrnoiij! Iho privnto | ' ]gaz et dCB rdaOlifS VOlatllS. NOUS UO SOHl- !

cahlblta which created file moat Inlrnat In tbo I mCB pas aSSeZ COmpdtCntS pourjuger>:

J i "I unt uro ir «■» ct ctri «i > Ba valour cclte importante ddcouverte.

-wiiicii electriciiy°iuay ta .tnndTm (Icnuun Nous nous contentorons done do la olter

department la not tnuoli mom'ndviuiccd than j a YCC les aUtrOS travaux de SI. Sainte-

1,'m ^ Claire Devine. .

End, Tir Amlricau. llpi"In nmeb or Z En 1849, il fit connattro la preparation

fearful unreliability of French workmen, who et les proprlGtds do I’acldo nitrique anby- |

■mtoUnMUnoruaniinof time. air. dre; en 18B2 i] publia un important

HtuZf^tat“ir1K5j! section mdmolro sur les carlomtcs mitalltQUes et

nritletboTbtjAtm b'mnsnla und tboOporu. Ho UltrS comiinaisolis. Puls, Yiennent S6S

, claims that ho will in. able to rnako imrform. 6lud(jg 8Ur \'aluminium. Il' exdouta, SUr

SKSTiTtiT Xm,X£To eo mdtal, de nombreuscs experiences, ^

tbo nppllcallmi of elrotrtclty to military and I’usine'do JaVOl, de concert aVOO SI. UO-

aaliotiutic phrpoara. Tbo K.lsliab eoremment brav et 0 btint plUSiOUrS lingots qui HgU-;

rerent * 1'Exposition de l859. Un' impor- j i

- —— ..j tant ouvrage sur cctte question, qu-U pur \

1 J-XitoH A NAaSr, \*V. v V V\ blla en 1859, VAluminium, ses proprUtis -j
dw*»MA/Y\Ja «7> w \ , / a t, r i ca tion, le flt nommer membre

.. ' ELECTRICAL KXIIIIIITION. « SU [wnauwn, „l<t U fit na-

PAttra, Aug. ll.—Tho itmuguntihm: of-tlio^e l Acaddmie des sciences. Puis il nt pe |
Intcrnallonoli:ieelrlrnlK.IUbUI„uliuroye.tunlay wnaoiraltre dCB (StudcS BUr US IrOlS ilalS mOK
nZn?. T oaM,,m„°;']rTbo m“r“mb,'»y cuhires d« silicium, un mdmoire sur la

’itt&zgsssfi *---

Knalnml and Oonunny occupy tho moat apaco of tho 1818, aUX Antilles, et avail fait SCS U C
o rC „S'rrT u |,] ,: ' r ‘' ),, 77. lc ; 1 at ll, “ O;"! 1 '’"”"- »•’“ en Franco, En 1844, dfjS connu par sos ,
travaux, il fut cliargd d’orgamser la 1Fa-, ,
wtlm 1 ,” 1 ; 1 .'! 10 niut ro'iinicreiat ii»l»ii.„c o oftbr-Eibt 0 „u6 dcs sciences do BeSanson, don

fut noimnd ^ - ^^d dans la
tho onorgotlo mauncr in which tboOovenimept Tolo- 4 g*:f \\ euCC&la M.. a * aan '

ffmiih .lici>artinciit;nnd the .MfnlatjJca^qf*

Vo^*. w

HE ELECTRIC EXHIBITION.

OrENING'

, DISPLAY IN PARIS.

NEW YORK, MONDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1881.

JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION.

CHEMISTRY

ELECTRICAL EXHIBITION.

-IMPROVED ORAMME DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

-SIEMENS STEAM DYNAkO-ELECTRIC

ELECTRIC

INTERNATIONAL

' </ T/lnjM"

Menlo Park Scrapbook, Cat. 1085

This scrapbook covers the period 1880-1889 and contains clippings relating to
patents, patent laws, and patent litigation. Most of the clippings in the first part
of the book are from 1880-1881 and concern patent laws in the United States and
Great Britain. There are also miscellaneous clippings from 1881-1887 pertaining to
electric lighting, particularly litigation in the United States and controversies
between the Edison and Maxim interests in France. The second part of the book
contains clippings from 1888-1889 regarding patent litigation. Among the cases
cited are Edison v. United States Electric Lighting Company , Edison v. Gramme
Electric Company , and Edison v. Westinghouse . There is also material relating to
the Bates Refrigerator case, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the
expiration of a foreign patent had no effect on the validity of a U.S. patent. This
case served as an important precedent for establishing the validity of Edison's
electric light patents. The spine is labeled "T. A. Edison. No. 67." The book
contains 144 numbered pages.

Blank pages not filmed: 1-3, 128-144.

, cAia^. V» v \*^C V ,
3IAXDI. LIGHT DECISION.

'InJvJUaao.. J\W^. . \ttfCfv

ELECTRIC LIGHT PATENTS.

nunmod up In a ton \l 5> t\J Su'gfy^MmroSSMr

trio light oxblbltod \*rtf\v V 1 ciuc. L;L Coudcrr, ot tllo n

ThT^ndlSto^f Z' ELECTR1 C SQU ABBLES. I ! SCJC

f It, and nppllod tor t»» e»ms to the ni.nu.»., i born’lntcrttm?nun bjTny<

tho United States .'I '! : : uerMand ebol Has nrobnblr tx

o artlclw exhibited
of infringomonfc of

rtlclos being selzod

not begun yoaraago

Tcntnry nlmjily nu|£« thaUU
it ?Jrac ojjjc

itlon will not bo fully
irk boforo Novombor.
0. It, Flint, tho prosl-
Eloctrlo Light Com* I
ho rtory, tho reporter \
Jo. Coudort, tho law-
11 litigation for this J

inoement OP the Bbu. Patent.— Judgment lias
von nt Boston in tlio United States Circuit Court in
) of“American Bell Telephone Company and others t\ ;
Spencer and others.” This was a ease of alleged in-!
»ent of two patents granted to Alexander Graham'
The defendants admitted that they had infringed]
alid claims of the second patent, hut the plaintiffs)
ven them no evidence of such infringement. They
entirely upon the fourth claim of the first patent,
is much.more comprehensive in its scope. This claim
at the defendants were using a method and apparatus;
.nsmitting vocal sounds which resembled those of tho
iff in producing electrical undulations, copied from thoj
ions of a diaphragm, ami sending them along a wire to!
lar receiver at the other end. Tho Court decided that
ecifio method of producing the electrical undulations
fferent. It was made on the principle of themicrc- 1
which had been very much improved since the date!
first Bell patent. The judge said:—“Jf the Belli
i were for a mere arrangement or combination of old!
1 to produce a somewhat bolder result in a known art,
o doubt, a person who substituted a new element not '
nt the date of the patent might escape the charge of*,
ement. But Bell discovered a new art, that, of traus-
; speech hv electricity, and has a right to hold (ho
st claim for it which can be permitted in any case— ,
the abstract right of sending sounds by telegraph

MA JOR EAT ON’S 11EA SMIITIOXSfa J

'4 BBPI.YTO MR. FUST'S STATEMENTS CONCUUXINQ

, A Major. Eaton, of tho Edison Company, ro-

Uuril. 1870 V'

Tho prloo was unaffected, s:
jeayin^ It was uffected. Tt

}Mr! oT^u^pat^teXwM^not'ujM— !

(oofual price paid for nearly ererr nhare tranafcrreU that
■ammer, tho price kept at

Is of the otUco for the same period were $05,417 im
i of those for the corresponding nine months of 1980.;
pport recommends a considerable increase in Dio exam*
corps nml the clerical force of lhe otllce, nnd the fob
5 appropriations: $50,000 to carry out the abridgment.
Icnts and (he publication or 10,000 volumes of the
$15,000 for reproducing burned and exhausted draw j
$10,000 for photo lUhogrnphtpg drawings; and $0,0J0.
ipldo tho Otfcial Ornette for Dm> |ir^imi. vw ^

j TIi03. A. Eillaon, of Now York, wn>t
/granted twenty-three 'different patents
during the weok ending October 18th.
us follows: CarhoHirer, electric engine
governor, oleetrlo light system, manu¬
facturing carbons lor electric lights,
current regulator for dynnmo oloctrlo
miiphinos, olectric motor, utilizing elec¬
tricity ns a motive power, electro mmr.

j .ENUIJSH MECHANIC) ANU
WOULD OF BOTENOE: No. 860.
— Sspt. 10 , 1881 .

THE PATENT LAWS.

m.-l, u il ', U tl “Bnliwt liim.' iil.

tor of thi" 1 U0<1 \‘ e h 1,10 "H

St: in S ®ksj

/tIio EdItoa_Bltstrlo Light compin'
. hualwaya claimed that It? alono-htdih
HU oontrol of the iocaadetcen^ Ughl
/id that by-;and-by It iroold .^op' dow:
on everyone whir uied'any 'each lighl
But a declelon Jont rendered aaya lt cut
do ao, and peoplo.ylll'ha glad Vo'haaf l

r 8o8irrlflffa®f' ^Vlmt a Cleveland

1 7 y y"

WsorTO^BFmm Seedisonp

Wcstinghonso Beat Him a Few Days •*““* *"3^™

in Applying for a Patent ■ • united states elkcti

• ■.■—^—_■■■•.:■'.■■■■■• . , UIINK IT A onBA!

0lY A mdmtpib main conductor, ; nm j™

loir a Break In an Electric Main Boca .° v fJ 11,0 ''eoiaion fa
Not Jlesalt In Darltnoaa, "morie^Sn" ^7 Pln)

1 NNTeXCATINO A NUMBER 0i\ WIRES f ajS

7V .^.y

_

EpiSo ^n^g i^

TALKS ON TUB PATENT O AgB DECISION. JJJjJjj "“imSd "ol'nt ^

«^5*r EL130Tni ° I,I0nT WBK “> not ImoH™"^M*""**"»«! tor thf jXEhi?

noon ^nr°th^ffciiion' l fo I flio 0 Bapr«ino < ^onrMn*|h 1 o j Safo^ThlX ^‘ t( 'J ro, j 1] “ o'^Tt!

aoPi,BJ PBILAItT. 1.

r : .WILL DAlfKNE88 PREVa^S

saitiH

• ‘-'•""Hm «wJt5vSe end rt’SreWa

rm ox is per-W»vb«ca patented In Otaiflda'on*thnr^mi

Kvnstin giious o anfrEdiflOfl are
: .vgj|io to'fittnpoiiuSRr ”

l ONLY A aUESTION OF CASH;

|'A Case Boforo the U ^Ci^Courl
3 . .mil to Decided Saturday

''ABODTTHE INCANDESCENT LAMP,

v<Jy t i4 '

WP^LECTMC 1 LIGHT CONTEST,

■WistltiBhonsa ami qriinnnJ nln Bands
• . ' In a Big Electric Salt

FOB INFBINQEMKNT OF PATENTS:'

BOTH SIDES CLAIM * THB' tlOTOBr,

The a Westlnghocse-Edlson Casa Undo*
Consideration—Opinions Emm '

7»ww£5./m (7

s ii(BMs g^ 1)<, . S3Bgwsggg1G!SS^!^ t ' , 5t^^£52?^K^fe£-’S».'gisg Bjas^B ' «Bia^ Sj

jlmmSSmB$ illM . 1&t W 1 flightingP»tent«,and tia'-'lnmiliiTbl^d':IsiSS?HowSafEX®;Ediaon’.jMftimgajr;

pssssif

££ggg£lig£^S£^gggg^.

IjSSra^

.. K®Sr tompany would neither local,-o that Sawyer and Mann, two Now York alas- th.t.soubl. k ing<U. Obrou.Ab. jU'nlin.
i fn'orniako anypropohltiotv looking towuriltrlclftnBjVfereentltleil to priority of lnvcntion litoc4Ufe th# _ j£ to a patent covering vegetable
IknttcouaoliaaUon wi»r:tao.WooUnglionaa^.^n ttta i or an Infringementof ^JJ'^iSr'Thnmon hobbwaiwlattar Urn coraplafn.

^HmohB^onrosontod ln° mS’carammMVO befomJudge Bradley has been Institute d.Jb? 0 i“Jj%o h n '^a'i!i“5Sao°r>.° I,U ,cs ' ubl “ . -
■fnsgk nothing of unv man or corporation;,The great Westtnphouse Eleotrlo company, l'OOn nuT ikoenious.

'TfiVo command oil unlimited amount which baa »1S,000,000 Invested In eleotrlo Mr EJmund Wetmoro, representing thoi
/for. inonoy, wo havo ; men machinery, manufacturing eetabllahmontajdalnUtr., made tbo doling argument. Ho'
7iorpusbomIonorrry-, nadlwforBpnlusv»o onlleleclrlo lighting patenta, has, tbrongh opened by elating that, oerlng to tbo great

: nWibobortaInau.lt la uslog the Edison lamp. for- nnlg~-n^nUon fl,. l.- »lio»e lt. A lga« dsai
/ P‘) r80 ? a lnfringement of tbo Sawyer-Mauu i fff 1 J“XoMbSSmVStidSJimi"ettl5

I «. ,«■? W Mlttogto.

! ^dSaoSkfordttmik%. BUllS * roatruIlx jo I thetacandoscent system 1 of lighting as ! SrSfiS?‘ M^lSSSy®!hod’ ?i»kM*iSjffiS
| MtU o a fo c^j^^l^yoa|») -im eiUiof*«&de^ I ^ BeB telephone company ha^ otthetolo-. ^™n^wWdi w.7m Ju.Um to^SS^uS >

this caso*to “rofrald curious fact that tbo Edison oompaayownafgH"^g* “|3 °SSS1°L°Im ftSl:

■ uffiSiSIv WnS„„„, ril i‘, or tMultsorttbo Sawyer-Mann A patents lu EngUndwlaed e“ mllllineor dollaS,‘rl,o mSu ralto

.tho Court. Tbo otlior rido have'-dopol®* 1 ® 111 '® 0 drive out almost all competition la <J^Jer thaa'held'n m 100™°*°^ °®
L™!?* 0 " 0 ™™ .In*, tho olQco -bt-ttiol tries. The trial before Judgo BradtaywUT nJuM^Suin lK“nt. b M,JrtMnd*tK?
lSSu^S,rS."?S!!l!!!S m n i l d ;f U ?°! ,; a be long and hotly contested, aod dually, no! 5?" b “**i*“*« . '•'“HH'l'' «"* were not
fcojmqtobo^Snmld^l&Spfilp|S£oJ *».“"'J* 1 t° the!United Sf.tes:u.o^ebamtoJl'StWJl “g

lS«ld:“ uimV™'? kno^'Umt ,, " pP ^ , ° dC °° f ' jrh ^^^^ ?bo A .'S«,l?si r

^''invo 1 ;boon cvroriiS^ I H”“"^L**>“«ta«®aj*Ukelytobaacoimolldn-l ri „ 8 "^

jP?£Z^uSSMS7 a £« I partlS^ >at ^'^JraVtako/onTnola'rnpe^ent'on^by^nnyfirm'

■ ,CaM ^j|l§i|^flQEICEIlEDEIRST|

&Sf?£S it- 1110 Real Point Which Lawyers' Say

JZyjn, >" "»>' is aT Issne in tho Edison Case. jf|T?S ,b Hri”|«^:sH

\ gra “'vinulg'S JMTBfiESTISG ARGUMENTS MADE. b ""l SiSTZ. S'2

: —t m^lSSM&a&SSU&gS&tSl

A Very Little Dog Which Cost Its Owner

<a„,Xy.»nyddi/»? * ■ si -V i=ss s« .

' ' / ■ QEMHAL NEWS OP THE'cODET HODSE ,

fipSS^^K^I iFSErSSS!

ipfpli!

I /f?«What 4 f yottvTrln your buiW":. •.
r Syou may-bo certain i

• l^bor^and from tho day U t*Uttt*°thcl r ^

. SSSrSSSSf p§SS

» bltSibiiri; li.iiuiS®«anV lltlgntlbn. 'If ij” “ ornln K Mr - -dm"> Broadnax took | >5® » l _ >

r’.V S

f tlonlly free to all raKiorfiiiM tits uso of In- “•» * bla “ ln »' I JuJ 8«* »Ured tilth in"

i,cottcted by H ^“•»?«.iiSii*». s?;^s,"bs •

I .. .^*«?UwaVn Mam^WS.^ne'deecribod^ tbo I

I - • *S r i«gM :

1 jOtijhdtijL., (S-U/n^t,(fct/'

Can ton To.i;Usr;CAnyt„in R &

EiaaflS-S BXPEIiUI&TSVsTw^>* "“«p n "’*y"w.' , r:iro , ;!p u |

' -— ' ?l'«rw?e l toTni!; t tbiVoetM5 1 ?, r .f r r “tSsriS/ ' l '"“ ' J 1 , ° " I" be boUy contbeted by liil

ahodhents wu^oonoldde a»*r

prujip i-ourt win bavo In ^tdllo'ltf l ^ J

i'St b ^“

Ed. on evidently grow. In intoroet from dny carl,0 ” l ‘®'‘ »“»" r - .1 tkLs.u.^B, O

today. Tliat blnolc hole called tho United If

Stale# Circuit Court mom ... / *DE EDISON PATENT tdrii

Slate# Cir It oT°'l 10 0 ‘ h ° U

of°tlio Allegheny ” Ur.tat bui

lfAjiurJU*Aj^J,^ } JhaU.

I 2 J 7 “ ? olh Side# Conduded.,
Tbo One. ten with tl,o Judge#. |

iSe™o t ll,htin!l Il 5„“ l “d' >V ““ n ®'

uiun e incoe pretlomluntcd. It le euppoicd' m-y, mi. wtoueeclodrlo light rail tree concluded otniE.

tbnttbofnottbat.no matter In whnt llghtl_ _ Ki'i'. fi“'' r'dcrtar. amoe BnSmxb*.

you looked nt tbo oaeo you eaw marked nil# _ A ,„° nEAT LE0A1 - BATTLE. ' fcdSnmndtS^t°?h. 1 ‘J ' Vc ’" ng 5° use * 1 ' lA
over it this figure hod sorao effect toil -One eftba greatest, If not the greatest, |aJn^ wo, tho . th n? . In aU

draw, ' Tho decision .of tho case will tran*.n * 0f?n * w * , ^ c * 1 l ,,,VQ taken place In this j was tbciw. Tbo Sawyor-iuoa "uniD wu mV

rc p™ oau !rT? commcn ^ i«u»o| litL Q oS»^rw fl rfl f rt^^^

; pT-, lk V^ t ^ r to 4 BSSsn^KTSA

‘Til .dive 1 el fr li fi'.'K !‘”" *'“7 EUleon- we. 'M. m . a „ , h ,. CIosIng ammnt fcr

M? 0 n2.i52 r K n » 0 ? Mk,,,R 7“M«I»ns. When® tbo li»yt*utor t of the incandescent lamp that Wxo Edison side. Uo g&va a bWorr ofdMtrlS-
M r a°!tian VC of'luto^orato ^ab^tv^tnlcht 11069 1119 name. But* if scorns thut In: iy > “ 1 ‘ 1 that Edition, In November, 18TO, In*

bavo fared hotter aud had moro succowt, Juugo 1J *5 the Intent office decided that Sawyer & b ? l lr ' 1 i k ‘ s fl t»roi» conductor. • Tho

argsa: SwCri*"^™,^^

Sundarr h \b l o r,! vblllfne* t coun«d "ovIdintTr "" ,llIrln S' ,, ' a T , t ° r Sntvyer* Mann’s palcnl u,^clcnlmr 1 eri'” 0 ^ n' W “““« ll0u w. raede
hadn't got ontu tbo "epoakajaslei." Tboro le Ibat die suit lias boon brought. bad boon crod'imd ,1 w|tb 8 mo tl InlVnMnn li ! 1 io a

ouo“on U tbo°e'dYot'tboXmn“o r ”V."DVon° ' 1 ' l '° pre,c " 1 '"'errst Involved Is $2.-,,0»).- omlro IncaaodcKamt eledrlo system, rTbondt
nelly, Elcj. Ilo le aeeoelated rvlV Mr.'Hieb«°rd POO. niul tbo stnkc Is tbo ownership of Ihu; ”« be‘“>« 10 blin._ Ho nrgued ibellbo:

»" "*• mijo t, ‘ o “ r ‘ om "” , *” 11,0 “ (tor - r m 1 isis ■

Menlo Park lu 1877 and baa continued Juit os It ^

Mr!*Lowroy k» voeonorel^ilBtoryof tb
iou» ^ ox l’Y* 11101 'I* yioui^idoiftUla’inen” «
lSn dltcrod Itod tbo fact *that Kiliaon hai

ono of lko w ® Ht Us tMt

ousc| Jr., ami bN frlcmlaj aSSmtef!beir btlo^anU^o'cMc^^

... ^LmuAr

1 ^ »>*h

Companies. Tbo rleetrle' HghUng oulcr-,—...

■ luVirruS 1 ^: the electric ligut suit.

. tbet ho muet bavo a perfect vaonuro to produce Companies. Tbo elsMrlo HghUng oulcr- —- - - - r&v-

s^s^ssiss^'isffrs'ys m electric light sdit.

?be°lfamboo ll0 |ibir 0 The” speakor^sabr tbero E'eotrlo Light Cumpany, wbloh owns-.tbo . - 1 - !

would bo no oloctrio llebL tut for tlm wondor- Maxim patents ami tho patouli of Edward „ P j„ ,l. w „,

Xulgeulu.ofSdlaon. Tliodlsooveryoftbouaa ^ Weston, which bus just baen urauted by UIoao of ‘“ 0 Ar £ nmMl13 m tto We,t ^
JfcoV no usffu^making^ tlio ilno“fibtoua jllgi.'tho palont oDIco. ' . inebouse-Eaijpn Odso.

iSfSSooMMd 1 'that bSmbS u WMnMdod'bo'olint 1 “ Tl ' 19 l’“ lu " 1 oC Weston’s covers llio mo«t | ---

fto Japan and China ta mjif®:^ ,® 1 ,"'”^5 j Mature used In nil of Ibo dynam,.. Mr. Broadnax Roviow. tbo History of

- b! bV »>r^dliof. w«rr^ ‘ . „ ”> «>. Sawyor-Manu Invontlom.,

Wo^n-b 1 . ' fuZSiS^i™ £!JK Tho,r F “ uurM ^ Buoo °-

argU ™”t,LVoov”r°V*T°nnvritmiiiii« 1 '. IHMutl .of ultoriintlvo sections of megnello SOB—Mr. Edison n Idoa.

: aiiKHTmo E ■ , •’ ’'und Insubitlng nulcrlsl In com'blnatldn with ■ - :

B g^jj^ l g“ ^Js 1 £!!£' Ih ounduidnrs, and wound thereupon.” 8iK*..iDe.wW.to T..urmm«,

was ell u °at entirely teobmcab Ho bad a largo; 'This apparatus lias been used nild'ls'liolng j t i 1 Fl ™ 0 ™ R ° 1 ‘| ^'“ 3r

v . __:_ ^?P u a c0 . iu apoke for tha oomplalnaota, and Mr. Thuy

^Pitthbor o. May 23.—Tho nrgumimU^n

ran foreign patent iMlratoutnmoui

Icon ono for tho same invention |'

irvivo it Judgo Wallace lioldj
atbht statute tiio United States
'■woroCinbfcrlnfrlngore. Unless!

, tlmt decision -win probably dl»-j

vo | Lta!;«Se oilsw, ,ElecSj
t 1 " “‘'Vr'' V 'VSr 1 ! u i nli'TaViif

. combination in ordiTtntiKf.lfn»^iiii£ v-.°j

TOWNSEND’S LETTER;

.inventions of Maxim and :
: Edison Discussed,

ms If s tjike~1

l’Eai^ H '-' H ' GIANTS ' 8BEX I

j.Vanderbilt and Sunday.Freight Trains
on tbe Central Road.

Array of Legal Talont fty
| ArgnoinEayorof Edisog

IN A VITAL ELECTEIC SUIT. |

His Personal Attornoy Tolls How iho-
! Inventor'Sticks at Work, ,

; SLEEPING DRESSED, IN HIS SHOP.!

Ill

flJln Ot/&> A'C^.Orx/.

2.5, d$y

LET THERE BE LIGHT.

WcsiinghonBo and Kdlsmi Locked
floras Yesterday for a Week.

LAWYER LOfljjjpY.CAUSES A FUSS I

MISCELLANEOUS SCRAPBOOK SERIES, 1879-1886

The eight scrapbooks in this series cover the years 1880-1886. Four of the
scrapbooks contain clippings from newspapers and technical journals and relate to
the business and technical aspects of electric lighting and the electric railroad.
Also included is one scrapbook containing correspondence and other documents
pertaining to Edison's work on electric railroads, particularly the experimental
railroad built at Menlo Park. Another scrapbook consists of canvassing reports
from Alfred O. Tate to Charles Batchelor regarding central stations in Michigan
and Canada. Finally, there are two scrapbooks containing messages transmitted at
the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881 by an autographic telegraph invented by
Edison and Patrick Kenny. All of the books have been filmed except for the two
books of telegraph messages.

The following scrapbooks have been filmed:

1. Cat. 2174 Electric railroad correspondence (1880-1883)

2. Cat. 1135 Clippings (1881)

3. Cat. 1139 Clippings (1882-1884)

4. Uncataloged Canvassing Reports (1884)

5. Cat. 1138 Clippings (1885)

6. Cat. 1140 Clippings (1885-1886)

The following scrapbooks have not been filmed:

1. E-5478-1 Telegraph messages (1881)

2. E-2546 Telegraph messages (1881-1882)

A Note on the Filming of the Miscellaneous Scrapbooks

Although each scrapbook page is represented on the microfilm, the contents
of the scrapbooks have not always been filmed in their entirety. Many scrapbooks
contain oversize dippings that cannot be completely unfolded without obscuring
other clippings. Moreover, it is not uncommon for many successive pages in a
technical journal to be pasted onto a single scrapbook page. To have filmed the
clippings in their entirety would have required several additional reels of
microfilm.

Each scrapbook page has been filmed at least once, in such a manner as to
convey the greatest amount of bibliographic and substantive information about the
clippings on the page. Substantive clippings that are directly concerned with
Edison and his inventive or business activities have been filmed in their entirety.

Scrapbook, Cat. 2174

This scrapbook covers the period April 1880-November 1883 and contains
correspondence and other documents relating to Edison's work on electric railroads.
Most of the material pertains to the experimental railroad constructed at Menlo
Park in 1880. Included are equipment specifications; cost accounts; progress
reports from Charles T. Hughes, the engineer in charge of the railroad; and an
agreement between Edison and Henry Villard for the construction of a longer,
improved railway at Menlo Park. There are also letters concerning proposed
electric railway systems in the United States and elsewhere; agreements pertaining
to the rights to Edison's railway patents; a report by Sherburne B. Eaton
summarizing ownership of European rights to various railway inventions; and
newspaper and journal articles relating to the electric railways of Edison and
Stephen Dudley Field.

The material in this book was removed from Edison's files and assembled in
scrapbook form by William 3. Hammer in the spring of 1898. The documents were
used by the General Electric Board of Patent Control in patent litigation and were
returned to Edison on May 9, 1902. The scrapbook was disbound prior to
microfilming. The material was filmed as arranged by Hammer.

Related material can be found in the "Railroad - Electric" folders in the
Document File Series.

’ various papers, contracts,

respon&anb eVeno^-if^l. oations and estimates jTQt railroad »
paving.dirfee^oK^nflireot bearing -upon Mr. Edison'h eiboitr
’--ads a^toriid^^ic.^ih- X8S~ & 1081 and 1832 a 1883, as "roll
;a?.di^;pKosx>^^jrjSC'4natalla'i;ion3 on the northern Pacific
8B^ba3B^v?-tS;6.a'»«n-»lnlanaw/ Pennsylvania' IU m. ,
and. elsewhere. II contains also

. ^-Sdlsoh-Biedernann contract; Eloetr

t 'way\oo. u- one, jp. .a. agrjsosaont, etc.^eto. These../papers were
^’William J, ^«ua^r^fydnl'?»r. Edison's private archives at' the
^laboratory in. Ispjsing r pf 1398 Dy oor isSion of. iir. Edison for
{$ <theiBoard, ol Patent Control in too 3 Lumen's case, and return
*, 1 Y/illiam J. ’ ajiraeryto' Hr— T&lison's laboratory.-'on. M«V 9T'

atr.

l.oa of

as data
R. R.,

Owits-
the Edi- ■
ic 1 Jail-
taken by
Id is or*
use of
id by .
. 902 .

I(

f /; Cat. 2i

Dili's binder contains various.-' papers' contracts, 'files of
correspondence, upocificationa and estimates for railroad, raat$i^&,
bavins" •=• direct or .’indirect bearing'upon Mr. Edison!a ei&dt-iic' rill- .:
roads at Menlo Paris in 1330 & 1881 and 1882 'Si 1883, as well as data
re ardins prospective. installations on the Northern Pacific R. R.,
Manhattan Hevatod R. 5., Staten Island, Pennsylvania R. H., Svits-
L,f ; : erlaiid, So. .baerioa, Cuba, and elsewhere. It contains also the Edi-
son-ViHard contract; tie Edison-Biedermann contract; Electric Rail¬
way Co. of tile U. S.'agreement, eto.-eto. Sliese papers were taken by
i‘ •William J. Kaiiimer from Mr. Edison’s private archives at' the Edison
; laboratory in spring of 1808 by permission of Mr. Edison for use of
the Board of Patent Control in the Siercen's case, and returned by
! William J. '-:arx.ier to Mr. .Edison's laboratory, on 10os *

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The Edgar Thomson Steel Company, Limited.

Buanoh Office, No. 48 Fifth Avenue,

Pittsburg h, . >u w»t. 3r d » 1.8 80 , ; .

T, A, Edison, Esq.,

Menlo Park, N. J.

Dear fair- favor of gIst . „i t ., received* The rails of

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New York Herald, May 15, 1880.

EDISON 1 S ELECTRO-MOTOR.

Experiment with the Electro-Locomotive on the Menlo Park Railway--an
Accident prevents a satisfactory test being made.

For sometime past Edison has been engaged in perfecting an
electro-motor to *kH be used in countries where the traffic would
be insufficient to pay the interest upojteven a narrow gunge road
operated under the present system. The engine consists a of a simple
four wheel truck on which a dynamo machine is placed. An armature
revolves just as in obtaining the electricity for the lights, but a
system of gearing is uaed so that the armature may work perfectly
independent!; - of the car wheels, enabling the operator to use as much
power as he desires. The line of railroad at Menlo Park is a little
over a half a mile in length, and .has some vary sharp curves and steep
grades. The system on which it works is as follows:- The electric
engine receives its motive power from a large steam engine at the
station, but before the power is used it is turned into electricity,
which, passing through the rails, supplies electricity enough to run
the motor or draught engine. When the road would be laid for ^.practi¬
cal purposes there would he a station every ten miles from which
electricity would be supplied for five miles on either side. The
power of the machine at each station would be sufficient to run sever¬
al trains at the same time on the section. Mr. Edison claims that
all the movements of trains on each ten-mile section are controlled
absolutely, and that crossings and switchings can also be done auto¬
matically. It is intended that each train will carry 30 tons of
freight, or from 200 to 300 passengers. The cars, Mr. Edison says,
will have the same likRHKSsxxsxskKBKX lightness as street cars, hence
the dead weight will be small, so that more freight can be carried.

The average speed of the freight trains will be about 12 miles an
hour, and passenger trains 20 miles. The motor or engine used in
drawing the cars weighs aboiit two and one half tons. The road can be
laid in mining or agricultural districts wherever a wagon can pass,
as little or no graditig-nied be done. The traction necessary to ascend
steep grades is produced by means of magnetic attraction, the powers
of which can be so exerted that the traction of the two and a half
ton motor can be made ecpial to that of a heavy locomotive. The cost
of the "plant" for the most broken country would be about $5000 per
mile, and, as it is of a two and one half foot guage, the inventor
says it can be stored away quite easily. Mr. Edison was led to the
discovery by the question of carting tailings from many sections
of the placer diggings in California to the place where his sheds
will be located. Of the experiment very little can be said. The
engine was brought on the track after great difficulty, and everything
being ready the circuit was made. As the motor began to move nearly
every one of the workmen got on it and away they went slowly. When
the down grade was reached the track v/as found to be very dirty, being
dovered in some places by sand. The man who had charge of the fric¬
tion gearing pressed on the lever too hard, and the large cast-iron
wheel burst in four sections, stopping any further movement of the
motor. The power of the electric current must have been very great,
as the reporter saw when the electric spark burned everything in the
shape of rust or dirt off the track. It was quite evident that the
crowding of the men on the motor caused the accident and put an end to
a very interesting experiment.

ELECTRIC LIGHTS ON BUOYS.

A gentleman who is engaged in the manufacture of buoys for
the government called on Edison a short time ago and gave him an idea
of the "whistling buoy", now in use. He said the buoys weigh about
15 tons and that their plunging, even during calm weather generates
nearly 3 horse-power. Edison took the hint and had a small dynamo ma¬
chine made for the purpose of putting it into the buoy and utilizing the
3 horse-power of energy. ;.He'»nas guaranteed that , he, y/ill-.giyeya l 'gas' 1
j.et light for'E.'yeargV-vahdi.y.'f.-necessary .will increase.', the-light;. As-

■ » iu . if

^ censfiil .be .valuable*;

Scientific American, June 6, 1880.

EDISON’S NEW ELECTRICAL RAILWAY.

But for the chronic aptitude of this generation never
to v/onder at anything, we might expect to witness expressions of
surprise as it bee ernes known that we are to be whisked through
the country at the rate of .thirty, forty or :fifty miles an hour
by an agBnt invisible and unknown save by its effects; but the
moment electricity is suggested as a motive power for railways,
the never-to-be-surprised public say "Why not?" Nevertheless the
practical application of the electric current to this purpose
seems never to have had a prospect of success before the experi¬
ments of Dr. Siemens, in Berlin, in 1879, and the present extend¬
ed experiments of Hr. Edison. It is a subject fraught with
difficulties, and while it has always offered a seemingly promising
field for inventors, the expense attending experiments of this
class has been a most effecttal barrier to progress.

Mr. Edison, more fortunate in this respect than many
of our experimenters, has not been hampered by monetary difficul¬
ties, and having had anple means for carrying out his ideas in
practice, he has been enabled to develop his inventions more rapid¬
ly perhaps than ary other man living.

His new electric railway at Menlo .Park is built over
natural ground, with little or no grading, and with no regard for
curves or trades. It is at present something over half a mile
long, and is soon to be ext aided to form a mile circle. The
present rolling stock consists of one electric locomotive and one
open car. The general appearance of the railway and its equip¬
ments will be seen in our engraving. The motor is precisely like
one of Hr. Edison’s electrical generators, figured and described
in our columns sanetime since, and the motive power is supplied
by his stationary engine, the-power being converted into electrical
energy by a single generator.

The current thus created is conveyed to the track by
two copper wires, one wire being connected with each rail. The
armature of the locomotive makes four revolutions to one of the
drive wheels. The machine is managed about like a steam locomo¬
tive, and it pushes ahead with wonderful energy.

By invitation of Mr. Edison, representatives of this
journal were present at a recent trial of this novel motor, and
had the pleasure of riding, with sane twelve or fourteen other
passengers, at a break-neck rate up and down-tlie grades, around
sharp curves, over humps and bumps, at the rate of 25 to 30 miles
an hour'. Our experiencesjsaysxwrwere sufficient to enable us to
see the desirableness of a little smoother road, and to convince
us that there was no lack of power in the machine. Mr. Edison
says that he realizes in the locomotive 70 r . per cent, of the. power
applied to fee generator. He will:, soon add four more cars, and
apply improvements|which he has in contemplation.

This grand experiment is designed to test the applica-

bility of the electric current to this purpose, and to develop a
railway system suitable for plantations, lai’ge farms, and for min¬
ing districts, and perhaps it is not entirely visionary to expect
.that our streets and elevated railways may at no very distance
day be successfully operated by electricity.

When the motor is complete and the road thoroughly
equipped, we hope to be able to present our readers'with further
details'.

New York Herald, July 23rd, 1880.
(Astor Library)

Electric Locomotion
Why not apply it to New York's
Elevated Railroads.

A fresh air trip at Menlo Park
Advantages for the Publicr Economy
for the stockholders.

(This article 1 l/2 columns in length)

EXTRACTS.

"Edison’s belief was that he had found a motor which could
ascend or descend any grade short of the perpendicular, which could be
operated with ease and certainty and be always under perfect control.
What wonderful devices he had for gripping the truck and so on were
briefly explained."

"What do you have so many curves for"

"Edison laughed as he answered "For the skeptics; you
couldn't convince them that she could turn a curve unless they saw her
going round one, I am skeptical myself, I had to be convinced before
anybody else."

Edison made explanations of his electric brake, which he had
not had time to apply to the locomotive yet and more explanations about
the way in which he would get over grades that would frighten an ordi¬
nary railroader.

"Qff we went at about thirty miles an hour, and in a couple
of minutes we had travelled the half mile and return. Edison was
asked to make certain calculations; the writer undertook to collect
some facts, and a meeting for a further talk was agreed upon.

IT CAN BE ADOPTED.

The questions are

First .—Admitting the desirability of a locomotiva with no
smoke, gas or steam and so much less noisy, can Edison’s Electric
Engine be applied to the Elevated Railways of New York?

Edison’s answer was;—The elevated railroads present the.
best possible conditions for its use, an almost level roadbed and per¬
fect insulation; minimum of cost in application

Second.—Can it be applied and used economically?

EEFlson's answer was Over S50&000 a year can be saved to the
Company by its use .

These strong statements were worth examination for details.
Mr. Edison was asked to sketch the manner in which the electric.engine
could be applied to the elevated road, said he
HOW IT CAN BE OPERATED.

"To operate the four roads through the entire length of Man¬
hattan Island, would need about six electric stations. These need not

be anywhere near the lines, so that they could be selected with a
view to low rentnand water facilities- I mean driven wells. Each sta
tion would furnish its quota of power to the four lines making it
greater or less according to the traffic. It would not need a copper
wire thicker than three quarters of an inch to convey sufficient
power to the tracks. Place the electric locomotive on the trackB
give all the cars instead of a portion of them as at present "paper
model" covers to their wheels and the thing is done. The wire con¬
nections over frogs and switches would not take a couple of men more
than a couple of days to perfect."

"Could you utilize the present engines?"

"No. They could be sold. Electric locomotives could be
furnished at the very least for what the present engines would bring
if sold-steam engines for electric engines. Furthermore as to the
manner of applying it, the electric motors could ne gradually substi¬
tuted for the steam motors."

"But the cost of making?"

Mr. Edison.—I will give you a sum to work out. The steam
locomotive burns anthracite coal at $4.20 per ton, the stationary
engines would burn dust coal from $1.50 to $1.75 per ton. It requires
ten pounds of anthracite coal as burned in the locomotive to get one
horse power per hour. We can get with the new Babcock and Wilcox
furnace one horse power from 2 1/2 lbs of coal or 1.horse power of
electricity from 3 l/g lbs of coal, so much on coal alone; but handling
the coal would cost much less because it would not have to be hoisted
to the tracks."

• "Would there be a saving in labor?"

Mr. Edison.—"Ill give you another sum. They employ an
engineer and fireman on each locomotive. One man is all I use on the
electric locomotive. It would not need the same skilled labor, for
there is utter simplicity in everything about it and I have no douht
men of a higher order of intelligence could be had for the wages paid
to firemen alcr.e, strike off the engineers altogether, giving in
their place twelve engineers and twelve firemen for the six stations.

These sums worked out upon thoroughly reliable information
give the following figures:-

"There are 160 engines in use on the elevated railroads, they
work from 12 to 13 hours each; they are about 30 horse power xxk each;
4800 horse power is therefore required for 13 hours daily. This for
the electric stationary engines, according to Mr. Edison's figures would
consume 109 tons daily or 3700 tons monthly at 1.75 per ton, $5722.

The twelve station engineers at $3. per day, would cost $1080 monthly;
the twelve station firemen at $2.25, would cost $810 monthly. The
v/ages of 230 electrical engineers would be 15,000.

These sums would yield the following comparisons:-

Elevated Road one month the year for motive power—

Coal-§35,843

Engineers-- 25,734

Firemen- 15,02 5_

Total..

Electric system one month

Coal-§ 5,722

Engineers & firemen at station- 1,890

Electric engineers-.-• ?- 1 5,000

Total—...^=§22,612

Saving per month by the Electric system- §53,990

Saving per annum-.-647,880

Bcbm these simple but frequent calculations the reader
may be invited to return to the Interview for a few additional state¬
ments of Mr;.Edison.

The electric engines will cost §3,000.each; the cost of
the present locomotives is §7000 each. I would add this that on ac¬
count of the simplicity of parts, fewer, repairs v/ould be needed.

The materials of an electric engine past its service, if broken up,
would fetch l/3 its cost price because its solid iron core and copper
wire form the greater part of it. Another thing, and a very important-
ant too, is that the weight of the electric locomotive being less than
half that of the steam locomotive, and the power being applied contin¬
uously, not by reciprocation, it sways the structure less, causes less
wear and tear in the same and lessens the noise. No water, smoke,
cinders, oil and so on can annoy passengors on the train or streets.
There is no danger of fire. The use of electric brakes as powerful
as the air brake insures the same degree of safety. Open cars can be
used in summer. The current strength from the stations can be regu¬
lated so that no train can ever go beyond a certain rate of speed."-

When, Mr. Edison, can you exhibit all these points in practi¬
cal operation on a larger scale?

Mr. Edison:-“In about ten v/eeks I shall operate eight miles
of line on the Camden and Amboy road; the engines now building for me
cannot be ready before then."

!!Why dont you try .it on the New York elevated roads?"

Mr. Edison (smiling)-'"I have not been asked."

Why is he not asked?• If he can save so much money to the
Company it should scent out the opportunity to add to its dividends.

The question hov/ever is put because more than the stockholders have an
interest in such.a way of escape from the undeniable nuisances that
arise under the present system.

New York Herald, July 24, 1880.

THE ELRGSRIC MOTOR.

Edison's Invention Finds Favor Among "I" Road Officials.

TO BE PRACTICALLY TESTED.

The Engine Certain To Be Adopted Should it Meet All Requirements.

The description of Edison's electric locomotive, as published
in the Herald of yesterday, caused universal comment among all classes
of citizens, but it was particularly interesting reading to the mana¬
gers of the nL" roads. The possibilities of the future, as pictured
in the article, when the engines dashing through the streets shall
be noiseless, dustless and smokeless, are most pleasing to the aver¬
age New Yorker whose head has ached with noise, whose eyes have been
filled with dust, or whose clothes have been ruined by oil. The pic¬
ture was a pleasing one, too, to the executive officers of the "L" road,
who have had to stand between a justly indignant public and stock
dickering boards of directors Edison's statement in plain figures
that the use of his electric engine would cause a direct saving of
over $500,000 a year was perhaps the most pleasing portion of the
announcement to the directors, who no doubt began to consider how they
could overcome this last and crushing argument in favor of cheaper
fares. But notwithstanding this general feeling of satisfaction it
was observable that the members of the Board would say nothing of im¬
portance, one way or the other, about the matter. The executive offi¬
cers had read of the electric motor and had understood it and its im¬
portance in connection with such roads as theirs. In the engineers*
department the article had been a topic of conversation and comment.
There were So many advantages to be gained by the application of some
other motive power than steam that anything like Edison's locomotive
would be considered a Godsend by the engineers of the "L" roads. The
saving in labor, coal and in the original cost of the engines have
been summed up in the article, but there v/as another and a very impor¬
tant factor to be considered. In the first place the locomotives
could be made much lighter than those now in use. The present engines
are not only heavy, but consume a great deal of coal. The weight
makes a considerable wear and tear on the road, and that is a matter
of the greatest importance. The stopping and starting, unless per¬
formed with the utmost caution, strains the structure more than people
have any idea of. Going around curves, too, is hard work, and the
wear and tear of the structure is at all times, even with the stringent
rules and the most perfect appliances in use, much greater than it
ought be. The substitution of some other motive power for steam
would not only be a boon to the public, but to the company as well.

SOME OFFICIAL VIEWS.

Superintendent Onderdonk, of the Western Division, was ex¬
tremely busy with a number of his subordinates when approached by the
writer, but at the mention of Edison's iBKBxuakixHx electric locomotive
his face lightened and he seemed to ika gxxxx regard the possibilities
of its use with genuine satisfaction,

"You have read the Herald this morning, of course?" said the

reporter.

"Oh, yes," replied Mr. Onderdonk; "I always read the Herald.
Must have the news, you know."

"Well, what do you think of the new locomotive?"

"I have not seen it, and so cannot express a very positive
opinion about it."

"Yes, but you have read the Herald's description of it?"

"Prom that it seems like an excellent thing."

"And would be a good change for the "L" road?"

"Just what we want if it will do what is claimed for it."

^ Passing along the hall the reporter found his way to the

office of Director Navaro.

"Mr. Navard," said the reporter, -"The Herald published this
morning and would like to hear your views on the-"

"I really do not know anything about it," answered the Direc¬
tor, with a deprecatory wave of the hand.

"Edison electric locomotive?" finished the reporter.

"I really know nothing of it."

"Well, if you found it a success would you put it on the

roads?"

"I realiCy know nothing of it," reiterated Mr. Nevaro.

"If it was a success in every way would it not be a good .
thing for your company?"

"Really, you had better see Mrr-Mr.-"

"Hains?" suggested the writer.

"Yes, Mr. Hains. He knows all about these things," and then
Mr. Nevaro waved himself back into his private office again.

AH INTELLIGENT MANAGER.

Col 9.B$Lj£ ins > general imanager of the Manhattan company,
is an exceedingly,,variation from the average type of the higher "L"
road magnates. Although very busy, he welcomed the Herald’s represent¬
ative cordially, and readily consented to give what information he
could on the subject.

"You have read the description of the new motor?" the report¬
er asked.

"Yes, I read it in this morning's Herald, and I had been
to see it before."

"Indeed?"

"Yes, I went out to Menlo Park twice to see it. The first
time I could not get a very good idea of the motor for various reasons,
so I determined to have another look at it. The second time I was
accompanied by' Mr. Guilford, and we then fully intended to make a
test of the matter."

"And did you not succeed?"

"No, Mr. Edison was very closely engaged with some gentlemen
and we could not wait, so we returned to the city."

"Well, what do you ; think of it?"

"I do not know what to think of it yet."

"Then you will see it again?"

"Yes, I intend making a thorough examination of it in every
possible way."

"When will you do this?"

"Mr. Edison told me that he intended to have a 100-horse
power engine soon with which td furnish the power."

"That, of course, would be a better te3t."

"Yes, much better, as if to show v/hat can be drawn. He is
to have also from 8 to 10 miles of railroad track furnished him by
the Pennsylvania railroad, so that the experiment can be made properly."

"Can much power be applied?"

"Mr. Edison says so. He claims that he can draw 30 loaded
cars. That is a pretty good train."

ITS APPLICABILITY TO THE "L" ROADS.

"What do you think of the system for your roads?"

"When it is demonstrated practically that the system can be
successfully carried out we will be only too glad to adopt it."

"It would be peculiaiCly applicable to your roads, would it

not?"

"Unquestionably so. There would be less swaying of the

ssSVSLr'w

our benefit." e> 'P e ri 0 nced ™en, and altogether it would be.much to

S ere f? 0 l a ? be n0 trouble in applying it?"
stations and-but^heAbpL^f* w ® could have six or eight electric

"No dount thlv'vm 06 r ? ad ? W P1 l00k lnt0 ifc aa Promptly?"

3“*i K™ » “i -'*22 te’S.S
»' “■ r-uSS^srsa^ S°ISf
i» s-Xixjs ffirs^^ss a*ir'

!« ™Sol*' ,e h “” a th ° > ' ou ‘' h *•** ° r «» wr

''A thorough test means a practical test no doubt."

S «S ,5

s“»i. s.11**”?*! Ji t a ^” 8 'to' ?««M n s*sSL. , r;; 1 : h .-

our- ® asy matter to make changes on so many engines as

ours when *.hey are in such constant use."

JUST THE THING.

also un tn M hi- R ;vf te Y ar >’ f , P erinte ndent of the Eastern division, was
read the articlef busln0ss > ba * nevertheless had found time to

"Every railroad ij
in reply to,a question.

"Have you looked into it closely?"
having seen N il" Ut 1 Wl11 - ° f °° Ur6e 1 can fona no °P inla « without
"It would do nicely for your roads, would it not?"

"Just the thing for us if it is all right It must hsvs
however, a thorough and practical demonstration." h *

"It would save much?

"Save 50X easily."

"And it looks well, does it not?"

?ert_ainly does look well; but, as I said before, an
opinion worth anytnihg cannot be expressed by a man who has not made
a thorough examination of, it. It all depends on^s pracUcaMinj!"

i in America is interested in it," he said

New York Graphic, July 27, 1880.

Page 191 contains illustrations of a trip on Mr. Edison's
electric railroad, at Menlo Park, with a view of his locomotive and car.
Mr. Edison thinks he has found a motor, which, when perfected, will
be of much practical use. ^The^jrehicles are so well shown in our pic-
J;ures as to need but little d e l^l^tlon T The"electrITl^tl^Tl^p"^les
the motive^power is ge nerated 'in t he ^jl^Tli^Ii'rhard b?7 "ancTi^ sent
3«n£3Hi_tracks. A line of rails laidlrtltoliS^rf^^
stretches away for three or four hundred yards, diiTp"pea'?iSg"round a
sharp curve to the left. There is an ordinary truck, with a couple
of heavy iron-backed park seats upon it, shaded with a canvas awning
supported by iron stanchions. The visitor steps upon the improvised
open car and takes his^seat, Edison being nearest the locomotive in
front. Outwardly this*a rude concern, having rough pine boards,
painted dark red, for a partial casing, and seats for two. It runs '
upon four wheels, through which the electric curr«nt that is sent along
"the tracks reaches the electric motor that in turn gives motion to the
wheels. This motor is very similar to the electric generators so often
described in the newspaper articles on the electric light. The power
so curiously generated is communicated to the wheels by leather bands.
The brakes are common wooden levers operated by main strength. Briefly,
it is an electric machine on wheels,, taking up., little space and the
only thing that reminds one of the ordinary locomotive was a bell kept
ringing by tugging at the string.

Our f ac -simile of _a-Sketch-.-by..Mr. Edlson^h Wolf 0 f a ioo

betweenPerth Amboy and Rahway will' inter-
ost our r eaders as a wor k of art as welT^T promise"ofa^reat'medhan-
ical triumph. .... _

New York Herald, August 5, 1880.

ELECTRIC LOCOMOTION.

PRIORITY OP CLAIM.

in law y? rs ar ? the most ingenious of their profession

in pointing our the great results which hang upon small facts it is
claiir^hptwpp 6 them for the present any quarrel over the priority of

! he tW0 ^ erican inventors. It is stated that Mr. Edi-
wip?a» y6t se = ured a Patent for his electric engine while Mr. .
Field s was issued on the 13th of last month, the specifications
and drawings (without a model) having been filed in the regular annli-

to state°that n Mr he Edis °? Ju i ie V , Por the present it is only necessary
to state that Mr. Edison's electric engine was put on the track at

dav^a tt^y****.? May l£lBt ‘ Upon the firnt trial on th e same
nf ? M»v h M 1 hiir&t, putting an end to the experiment; toit on the 29th
of Ma y a Herald reporter rode twice over the line of road with Edison.

. ia S t he successor of the new motor. This antedates Mr. Field's
application for a patent by 11 days, but the cave at referred to above
of course antedates Edison's first efforts. -- ■

HOW IT IS LIKE EDISON'S.

i«rrc S f? n Ediaon ’ 8 engine in operation, and with the draw-

ings and specifications of Mr. Field’s electro motor in hand, it can
two 0b vH?r Cl , at a glance that there is a great similarity between the '
(i, h ! ! such point of difference that one cannot by any

f 11 J y b ? “J- Stalcen for the other. Each uses stationary genera-
Jbpp c rni ? h u n § elect ricity to the line. The manner of applving
■ D ??r nl8 u 8 l» by a ? ordinar y electric motor, to the wheels is very

w 1 in r ?»,o lth ?l le 5 t ^ ere is naturally some difference in the details;

he method of conducting the supply of electricity to the motor
the difference is itriking. Mr. Edison's electricity is conducted to
contrivance fr while e M tra pi : ™ self throu e h the wheels by an ingenious
he^wten Pi ! ld ?? es another appliance, which shall be

nnl ^ leaving it, however, optional with himsel.f to use

one or both tracks as part of the conducting apparatus. «.) x x

TO BE TRIED OH THE ELEVATED ROADS.

bears V blS ^ 0:imC 0f electee moto^sls^he promise % '

roads of ?£?! f?f n ° r th6m bein e applied to the elevated

be testL^iL J^ y * M r- Pield,s invention, it is stated, will shortly
adonted ™!?5, and -, lf s V c< r essfu l or tha best attainable, will be

f.,?.,' . Pl an claims that to a certain extent cars or

hu^tbis D T , +T kep i t a ® e r taln dist ance from each other automatically,
but this, although plausible, remains to be proved. It would necessi-
r nl y ^l! 0 lengths of track controllable by each stationary gen-,
erator. Success to tne electric motors!

New York Herald, August 6, 1800.

FIELD'S ELECTRO-MOTOR.

A Talk With Mr. Stephen Dudley Field Upon His Patented Invention-Im¬
provements Made and Objections Combated.

K X X X X X

HO MODEL MADE YET .

"Have you applied your scheme of electric locomotion in any

"Mr. Field—I have made no model of my electro motor, and
the first one I do make will be a full sized engine to draw a train of
cars for trial on the elevated road. I have at present some business
on hand for the Western Union-changing the system of electric supply
for their telegraph lines from galvanic cells to dynamo machines. It
works well and saves money. It is in full operation in San Francisco.

"You began your experiments .in electro locomotion out there
I believe?"

Mr. Field—Ye3; I fitted a dynamo machine to an elevator and
ran it up and down to illustrate the principal.

HIS TELEGRAPHIC IMPULSE.

"You have long pursued the study of electricity?"

Mr. Field—Yes, and kept poor at it. I was out on the
Pacific coast for seventeen years. The Herald was right in saying

that my Uncle Cyrus and the Atlantic cable were responsible for my
turning electrician. I was only twelve years old in 1858, when, after
the first Atlantic cable, my uncle came to Stockhridge, Massachusetts,
my home. For his convenience a telegraph office was made in a room
in my father’s house, and the very first day it was put in there I be¬
gan to learn telegraphing. I was on the Oollins telegraph expedition
to Behring Strait, and you should have seen me when I got back.

CRITICISM.

"What is the difference between your machine and Mr. Edison's?"

Mr. Field—Edison’s engine is very similar to Dr. Siemen's,
which was exhibited in Berlin a year ago, except that HXEryrfckxxg
Edison uses the track-solely as conductors. Dr. Siemen, however, has
described accurately how it can be done in that way; in fact, just as
Edison now does it.

"What objection is there to Edison's method?"

Mr. Field—It necessitates a wheel that is not solid, and
•will not, I believe, stand the application of high power and heavy work,
though it may do very well for a small engine like he has described as
having at present. Why, an express train, going 60 miles an hour,
exerts 1000 horse power, and that cannot be done, I think, with paperxx
papier mache cores. Another thing is that the tracks are not contin¬
uously jointed and a break would be fatal.

"Can you describe now any of the improvements you referred
to in your engine?"

A FLY WHEEL.

Mr. Field—Well, there is my electric brake, but that is a
simple matter. A more important one, however, that I may speak about
is the means I have adopted for storing power when the train is at a
standstill. A-heavy flywheel continues in motion all the time from
the momentum it has gained, although the connection with the conductor
has been for the moment cut off. When the train is ready to start the
accumulated power will be added to that from the electric current. ;

TO WORK.

i; ■« "»;* your

drawings and then it will nnt + 1, ' S0lCS 1 3ha11 S0t about the
parts and put them together. TJtalTaiSVl manu * acture th ®
that will astonish a good many peo^ C9 dyn8m ° maohlne

"What dynamo machine do you prefer?"

Edison's is nearly^he^ame?™ 811 S * ** elV0S the best results *

view ended, ^o'e^r^fcinder^e elect ^ cal otters the inter-
that he gives twice who gives £££ ^ ^ invenfc0rs

Hew York Timas, August 9, 18S0,

An Inventor's Workshop.

* H X X X X

The number of Edison's inventions now in operation, and
with an exception or two, paying him an income, is not so large
as would be inferred from running over his records of experiment,
composing several ponderous volumes. There are among them the
American District Telegraph, the electric pen, the repeater tele¬
graph, the duplex telegraph, quiadruplex telegraph, stock quotation
register, automatic telegraph system, telephone, electro-motograph,
phonograph, tasimeter, magnetic repeater, electric light, and elec¬
tric railroad—the latter in the mining regions of the West, being
adapted to grades that cannot be climbed by steam, besides cost¬
ing for road bed in a hilly country not more than half what a
steam railway costs, and for equipments hardly one fourth the sum.

Edison talks enthusiastically of the time when electrical
engines will be employed on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and says
he can readily obtain a speed of 50 to 60 miles an hour with less
danger of accidents than occurs with steam; for the rails transmit
the energy that moves the train, and the instant the aigine leaves
the track this energy ceases to be in communication with it. The
other day, at a speed of 40 miles an hour, and with only a twelve
year old boy to run the engine, curves of such short radii that a
stoam locomotive would inevitably have left the track and broken
our necks, were rounded in perfect safety without slackening. The
light, open car in which the party rode swayed and oscillated, and
came near whisking the passengers off at a tangent into a sand¬
bank, but the wheels attracted by that mysterious energy by which
the whole was moved, adhered firmly to the rail. It must be
owned that on the return trip Edison's guests were a little more
vigilant when they went round the curves. The source of power
in the little engine»-also provided with electrical brakes that
arrest its motion almost instantaneously—is an electrical bobbin
or rather an armature, revolving between the poles of a magnet, in
the same manner as in an ordinary generator of the Edison-Siemens
pattern. The two tracks transmit the energy to the wheels of the
engine* the whole train being thus an armature that connects the
extended poles of the powerful generator in Hie laboratory, and
thus establishes a circuit. Prom the wheels the current flows
through the bobbin, which revolves between the poles of a sta¬
tionary magnet. To stop the train, it is only necessary to take
the current through a copper wire, instead of the armature, and
tliis is done by the merest pressure of the finger upon the button.
In experiments that have been conducted upon a section of the road
having a rising grade of 50 feet to the mile, (about 1 foot in
every 100,) this little engine has drawn loads that would severely
tax the capacity of a locomotive upon the ordinary grades allow¬
able on railways operated by steam. Tjjn_£fic®sy^ania^Railroad

with~~freig ht tra ins. first^and^henT'rf^'sitfsfa’gtotv.ri for paSsen-
!?3g-EgAn^1u 3ut this probal& iLlia£ a»r^ '.future. The

■ gcpfloiay_jtf_ electri city .&8 ^uiaoton^3 itja .fziiS\ as!j ^y^,pys^POTOT r ^
f , t-om..3QO,_pound^oT"jMal..as.._ste.am..fr.Qm,.lo61Xs.,5pt. fn-queBt-ion^but
'wfi oth_er It WtUcT’pro ve as reliable in all sorts of weather jL.s,...sqme-
TTTfng that only experTence' carTYTairerrainel

m -

Hew York Herald, August 10, IfiGO.

ELECTRIC IHVEHTI011S.

Hr. Edison Hot Troubled About Mr. Field’s Patent For An Electric
locomotive—Quiet Criticism—A Practical Test Wanted— The
Electric Light,

At Kenlo Park the claims put ib rth on behalf of Hr,
Stephen Dudley Field's patent in connection with an electric motor
do not awaken any outward sicn3 of apprehension. There was some¬
th, ine very Jolly in the ring of Mr. Edison's voice as he explained
to tho writer that it was all wrong to suppose Mr. Field's patent
conflicted with hi3 applicat ions.

"It is a curious tiling,® he said, "How vague the ideas
of tho gore ral public are on the question of patents. Half, yes
more than half, tho industry of the country i3 conducted under
patents, but few know anything about their powers or application.
There in no trouble and comparatively little delay about getting
a patont, v/ith in certain well understood lines if the alleged in¬
vent ion Is only a device for improving or using in a new or partic¬
ular way some part of a machine already invented or in common use.
That is What we call a little thing. But it is about the big
things that there is dolay. Here i3 a case in point:—The tele¬
phone has b.een a long while in use, but not a single American
patent has been issued yet upon the points that really control
all telephones, while there are several for insignificant alleged
improvements in telephones. The telephone is a 'big thing', and
is in 'interference'—that is to say, conflicting claims are be¬
fore the Patent Office Authorities, and the process of reaching
a decision i3 necessarily slow."

THE CLAIM'S THE THIHG.

"IIov/ doo3 that bear upon Mr. Field's claims?"

"Just this, that Hr. Field's patent gives him a certain
device to bo used in'electric locomotion, and nothing more. Y/e
have had it in tho office for several days. I reforred just now
to the confusion in the public mind about patents. People, for
instance, are misled by the drawings. A man wants to improve a
sowing machine in sotfie little particular. He draws an entire
machine v/ith his 'improvement* in it, and poople think he has
invented it all. Mr. Field has his combination of an electro¬
magnetic motor and its commutator, v/ith a circuit controlling
lever capable of three positions, his railway-track rail with a
slotted tube containing an insulated conductor and sane hot Water
pipes for his tube. All that is nothing to me. The whole thing
is a device for a particular object, and Mr. Field is welcome to

"Then you do not consider your engine endangered by any¬
thing in his claim?"

"Hot in the least. My engine he& been running since
last Kay; my applications were duly filed, and we have received no
notice of interference. The things are completely different."

MAKE A PRACTICAL TEST,

"Wiat do you think of Mr. Plaid's Jlevice? Is it an
improvement on yours?"

"The proper way to settle that Is to put his device to
practical test. This much I may say, that I think the bar or
lever going down from an engine throueh a slot in a tube to a
cohductor rather dangerous and fcikely to prove impracticable. He
will know when he builds his engine. The difficulties are great
for him, first to secure constant contact, next to work his lovor
and then to take off his power. He cannot take off more than 20
horse paver, and high speed will be impossible."

"Mr. Pield has stated that you cannot work your ent-ino
at hich speed doine heavy work with whoels having papier macho
cores." ~ ...

"V7ell, v/o do work with them and will keep on working.
That's all right. They have lots of them on his Uncle's road.

I am preparing for a test of my engine on that stoop grado you
have seen back of wliero wo stopped the engine when we took you
'out the other day. I am also building the engine for drawing
freight and passenger cars on a branch of the Pennsylvania road,
and thon v/o shall know all about solid wheels and other things.

T see, too, that Sawyer has been writing another letter. lie
says that electric engines will wear out more quickly than steam
enignes. Wliat nonsense* But Sawyer must always writo a letter.
He can do that first rate."

To prepare his prosont electric engine for the work of
ascending the steep grade referred to, Mr. Edison i.3 now putting
into it the proper machinery to take the place of the temporary
belting he has been using. He i3 in no way worried about rival
claims."

S3 /?Uy £6^37-

C $6

leu r/fauuMUt//

^ vi 75^ eff

/f. Z/, Muaj) /o'*YfM. Cot Coot

iu/&Y 1/LoUJ dCty/C '/'— ^

Cb(Aso O YcOCudX cd

Y^XtX jCloJPJ? A^utuj CUdd dYinc/' ScYcf

7 *

Hew York Herald, August 10, 1880.

MENLO PARK.

Everyone hard at work—Edison’s Electric Railroad in Working
Order—Progress of the Gold Hunters.

When the large gearing wheel of Edison’s electro motor
burst about one week ago he at once set to work and devised another
mode of transferring the power (generated by the revolving arma¬
ture) to the wheels. He had three wooden pulleys made and con¬
nected them by belting ■ t~ «, the pulleys being so proportioned as
to get a good velocity at the turning shaft. He was "cruising' 1
up and down his three-quarter mile railroad on Friday last when
notice cane that the officers of the Austrian corvette Saida were
approaching. He at once began to show them everything worth
seeing in and around the laboratory, and, after the visitors were
satisfied with examining the novelties he gave them a ride on his
new railroad. The distinguished party, or at least some of the
principal members of it, took seats on the car that is attached
to the motor. A small lever was moved connecting the circuit,
and away they went. The speed attained while going round the
curves was anything but pleasant to those on the cars, but, al¬
though the road is new and is very indifferently built, no accident
occurred. The party returned by a late train to the city, feel¬
ing that they had seen one of the many wonders of the Republic.

Mr. Edison proposes to build an additional mile and one half, in
which there will be one grade as steep as one foot in every six
and three-quarter feet. This will be into a deep gully and up
the other side. His intention is to show that a train can be
run wherever a horse can draw a wagon.

Hew York Daily Advertiser, Aug. 12, 18S0

Edison talks enthusiastically of the time when
electrical engines will be enjoyed on thePennsylvaniarailroad,
and says he can readily obtain a speed of 50 to 60 miles an hour
with less danger of accident than o.ccurs with steam,for the rails
transmit tlie energy that moves the train, and the instant the
engine leaves the track this energy Ceases to be in communication
with it. The other day, at a speed of 40 miles an hour, and
with only a twelve year old boy to run the engine curves of such
short radii that a steam locomotive would have in^abiy left
the track and broken our necks, were rounded in perfect safety
without- slackening. The light, open car in which the party rode
swayed and oscillated, and came near whisking the passengers ofx
at a tangent into a sand-banlc, but the wheels attracted by that
nvsterious energy by viiich the whole was moved, adhered firmly to
Te rails! It mat be owned that on the return trip Edison's
guests- were a little more vigilant when they went round the
cruhes. The source of newer in the little engine--also Provided
with electricoforakes that arrest its motion almost instantaneously-
is an electrical bobbin, or,, rather, an armature, revolving between
the poles of a magnet, in the same manner as in an ordinary gener¬
ator of the Edison-Siemens pattern. The two tracks transmit the
energy to the wheels of the Wine, the whole train being thus an
armature that connects the extended poles of a powerfu gencra
in the laboratory and thus establishes a circuit. From the
wheels the current flows through the bobbin, -hich revolves be¬
tween the poles of a stationary magnet. To stop the train, it
is only necessary to take the current thraigh a copper wire, in¬
stead of the armature, and this is done by the "^est pressiire
of the finger upon the bdttort. In experiments that have been
,® ted uuon a section of a road having a rising grade of 50
feet to a mile (about one foot in every hundred) this little engine
has drawn loads that would seventy tax the capacity °^l°=° m0tive
upon the ordinary grades allowable upon railways °^ated by
steam. The Pennsylvania railroad company talks of trying elec
tricity as a motor,--so Edison says— with freight trains first,
and then, if satisfactory, for passenger transit; but this P r ° b£bl y
lies very far in the future. The economy of electricity as a
motor utilizing as many horsepower from 300 pounds of coal as
steam* from 700, is not in question; but whether it would P^e as
reliable in a-11 sorts of weather is something that only experience

how York Tinea, August 9, 1830.

An Inventor's Workshop.

K k k x x ■ x

The number of Edison's inventions nor in operation, and
with an exception or two, paying him an income, is not so large
as would bo inferred from running over his records of experiment,
composing several ponderous volumes. Thoro are among them the
Amor lean District Telegraph, the electric pen, the repeater tele¬
graph, the duplex telegraph, quadruple* telegraph, stock quotation
register, automatic telegraph system, telephone, eloctro-motograph,
phonograph, tasimotor, magnetic repeater, electric light, and elec¬
tric railroad—the latter in the mining regions of the V/est, being
adapted to grades that cannot be climbed by steam, besides cost¬
ing for road bed in a hilly country not more than half what a
steam railway costs, and for equipments hardly one fourth the sum.

Edison talks enthusiastically of the time when electrical
enginos will bo employed on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and sy.ys
he can readily obtain a speed of 50 to 60 miles an hour with less
danger of accidents than occurs with steam; for the rails transmit
the energy that moves the train, and the in stem t the aiglna loaves
the track this energy ceases to bo in communication with it. The
other day, at a speed of 40 miles an hour, aril with only a twelve
year old boy to ran the engine, curves of such short radii that a
steam locomotive would inevitably have loft the track and brokon
our nocks, wore rounded in perfect safety without slackening. The
light, opon car in vlrich the party rode swayed and oscillated, and
came near whi&Icing the passengers off at a tangent into a sand¬
bank, but the wheels attracted by that mysterious energy by which
the v.hole was moved, adhered firmly to the rail. It must be
owned that on the return trip Edison's guests were a little raoro
vigilant When they went round the curves. The scarce of power
in the little oi;gine»-also provided with electrical brakes that
arrest its motion almost instantaneously—is an electrical bobbin
or rathor an armature, revolving between the poles of a magnet, in
the same manner as in an ordinary generator of the Edison-Stenons
pattern. Tiro two tracks transmit the energy to the wheels of the
engine, the vholc train hoing tints an armature that connects the
oxtencled poles of the powerful generator in liie laboratory, and
thus establishes a circuit. Prom the wheels the current flows
through the bobbin, which rovolves between the poles of a sta¬
tionary magnet. To stop the train, it is only necessary to take
the current through a copper wire, instead of the armature, end
this is done by tho merest pressure of the finger upon the button.
In experiments that have been conducted upon a section of the road
having a rising grade of 50 feet to the mile, (about 1 foot in
evory 100,) this little engine has drawn loads that would severely
tax the capacity of a locomotive upon the ordinary grades allow¬
able on railways operatod by steam. The Pennsylvania Railroad
Company talks of trying electricity as a motor—so Edison says—
with froight trains first, and than, if satisfactory, for passen¬
ger transit; but this probably lies pretty far in the future. Tho
economy of electricity as a motor, utilizing as many horse power
from 300 pounds of coal as steam from 700 is not in question; but
whotlier it would prove as reliable in all sorts of weather is some¬
thing tliat only experience can determine.

SPECIFICATION

EIGHT-WHEELED “FORNEY” LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE,

• Haying Four Conplei Wheels and a Fonr-Vbeeled Rear Track,

Manhattan Railway Co.

CYLINDERS—11 in. iliiunutu.- and IB in. stroko.
DRIVING WHEELS—42 in. ilium. overtires.
GAUGE—4 feet 84 iiiclius.

FUEL—Hard Coni.

TOTAL WHEEL BASE-ulmnt IB ft. il in.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

DRIVING WHEEL BASE—5 feot.

WEIGHT—in working order. Total about 811,000

GENERAL DESIGN—Engine No. 281.

BOILER. —Material—Made throughout of host Otis steel plates, f t inch thick, riveted
with j-inah rivets, placed not over two and one-quarter inches from editor to'center, ail horizontal
scams and junction of waist and furnace to be double riveted. All parts well und thoroughly
'stayed, anil extra welt pieces riveted to inside of sido slioets, providing double thickness of metal for
studs of expansion braces. All plates planed at edges und caulked with round-pointed caulking tool,
insuring plates iiguinst injury by cliipping and caulking witli sharp-edged tools. Boiler to ho tested
with hot water to ISO pounds pressure per square inch.

Waist—Forty inches in diumeter lit smokc-hox end, madu straight and with one dome twenty
inches diameter and twenty inches high, placed centrally on liailer. Smoke-hex dour to bo ribbed
inside. Door to be held with clamps. Number plates to he hold to smokc-hox door with a lixod
stud. Dome cap to have east iron collar to avoid drippunr of water from safety valves. Steam
pipes of east iron.

Tubus -Of lap-welded charcoal iron, with copper ferrules on lirc-lmx ends. 120 in niiuilior,
14 inch diameter and 82 inches in length.

Fire-box—42$ inches long, 84$ inches wide inside, of Otis best steel plates, all plutcs
thoroughly annealed after Hanging. Side, hack mid crown sheets five-sixteenths thick, flue shoot ono-
lmlf inch thick. Water spaces, sides, hack and front, 2$ inches wide. Stay-bolts $ ineii diame¬
ter, 4$ inches from center to center. Fire door opening furmed by flanging and rivoting together
the inner and outer sheets. Grown sheet formed circular und stayed to roof sheet by radial stay-

Cleuning Holes— Gleaning plugs in corners, sides, front mid back (2 inches diameter), also
cleaning plugs front under waist; 1$ inch blow-off eock ill front of flre-box.

Gratis Bars—Water tidies 1$ inch in diameter, uhoiit 10 in iiiimhor, witli two drop bare.

Asli 1’iui—Ten inches deep, No. B iron, witli a damper on each side, and a row of 1$ inch
holes on each side; to lie water tight. Dampers to lie tightly fitted.

Smokestack—Straight, of cast iron, 11 inches inside diumeter at bottom, 12 inches inside
-diameter at top. Design as per drawing to ho fiiriiialicil by the Manhattan Railway Go. Boll cord
loop on left side six inches below top.

Feed Witter—To be supplied with two No. 4 Friedman Injectors.

Foot Plates—Of east iron with corrugated surface. To bo Hanged over the frames ill
ired thoreto. Thinning boards of sheet iron stiiTencd with angle iron.

Cali—Cub of snnio design mid finish ns Engine 281. Cab roof gutters to liave outlets o
is. ^Doors to bo nindo to slide. Cab bandies wrought iron.

Finish—Same ns Engine 281. Cylinders lagged with wood and neatly eased with in
ited; head covers of cast iron, polished; steam chests, with east iron tops m i overs j rl I
e; bodies eased with iron, painted. Dome lagged with wood, jacketed with iron, pninti
l top mid bottom rings. Boiler lagged with wood, neatly jneketed with Wood’s Russia in
ired by plain Russia bands. Buck cylinder cover to be made in two parts, neatly joint
night iron straps and cap screws.

Furniture—Engine to bo furnished with two sand boxes, so as to sand in both din
Is connected with levers on foot-hoard. Brackets to hold signal lamps at both ends,
g to ring in either direction. Whistle, 2 inches diameter, 2i inches long, with stop-coek bet
connection to dome. Two safety valveB with Shaw’s inufllor attached, Crosby’s Patent An
mi gauge. Six-inch cab lamp. Three gauge cocks, with drip pan. Oil can and tallo
o, a complete sot of toolB, consisting of one pinch bar, u complete set of wrenches to fit u
nuts on engine. One Inigo mid ouo small monkey wrench, one hard hammer, one soft ha
chisels, tool boxes, cab seat, poker, semper, clinker hook and slice bar. Tender brake diap
o secured to the frames or the back end of fumnee, anil not to both.

Painting—-Engine to be handsomely pamtud and varnished, mid ornamented sn
;ino 281.

Construction—All principal parts of engine accurately fitted to gauges I I j I n
•oughly interchangeable. All finished movablo nuts mid all wearing surfaces of machine!-;
leel or iron case-hardened. All wearing brasses made of ingot copper and tin alloyed
lortion of soven parts of the former to one of the latter. All threads on bolts to he
es standard.

Tank—Strongly put together with angle iron corners mid woll braced. Top .anil I
2S of No. 0 iron. Side plates of No. 8 iron, riveted with $- inch rivets, one and one-t
pitch. Water capacity 000 gallons. Reservoir under tank where feed-pipe attaches,
kcr, capacity about 1,000 pounds, same as Engine 281. Manhole in tank to have a fit
n- with wrought iron cover. Coal box bottom to be covered with inch wrought iron

Tool Boxes—Onu tool box, of iron, placed back of tank.

Brakes—Emiics’ Vacuum, the latest improved. Ejector in cab. Muffler attached to t
uf ctured by Thos. Slutw, Philn.

Draw Bars—To be made of wrought iron, of skeleton pattern, to same length, heig;
us present burs. Steadying spring to bo placed on top side.

Hooks—One hook on each end for Vacuum Brake Jiose.

1 “ “ “ Heater Ilose.

General Manager.

■j-r- /t-oc-C. {L'^C'i^A

^ y?u4. Mw--&u. £k &. ,

tsr‘ READ

NOTICE

AGREEMENT ON BACK.

ALBERT BRIDGES,

Railway, Steam and Gas-Fitters’ Supplies,

No. 46 Cortlandt Street,

y 1ij.jQ.Ajd.

.188 r

THE EDI80N ELECTRIC LIGHT OO.,

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LOCOMOTIVES,

KING & McTIGHE,

COMMISSION DEALERS

RAILWAY EQUIPMENT AND SECURITIES,

No 46 CortlandtJ

Ofre w-

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STEEL ; dw at^

«"”s7 Meiv York,

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!’ew York, Nov. 4th. 1081.
05 >'ifth Ave.

'My" Pear Colonel: -

'• ‘ It is soi-i© time sin©© T wrote you tho reason

'being that with lir. Johnson on the spot there was very little thut
<1'eould tell you from hero. T do not think matters have taken any
’ri'bW ’departure sine© Johnson left and T merely write' this so that
•yOijt'shall not think that T have entirely forgotten rny promise to ‘kp
‘ke'ep you pee tod as to progress made on this' side of the water.

= Edison is working very hard indeed and has boon' for a’

long' time-past and he has now the pleasure of seeing all his var¬
ious'-'shops -running with such charming regularity that it almost
becomes monotonous. Our capacity for turning out those small dy¬
namos is almos t unlim.i tod. We have 40 n now under way and when
that lot is finished shall probably go ahead with another order
of about the same number.' Last week we turned out twenty three.
■;Th'i‘s‘ wekk wo shall do about the same. Our Lamp Kaetbry has a 3 took
•o’f iJO, 000 lonips so that it can keep apeo'e with our output of :
.ma'C’Kihos. The main business in hand Just now is tho laying of ' '■
'street mains for the Central station work. w© do this work en~
•-t'i'rbl’y at night and as the result of two or three night’s at ton-
ift'l.ori' paid to it by Hr. Edison he has got it sys tematised so that
'■Wit'll quite a small force we can lay one thousand* feet a night. ' f ' 1
.■:w£&''dbwn to tho Central Station, to day and S'aW them putting in tho
first boilers. These go undorneat tho dynamos the latter being'!
carried on a structure built very much after the stylo of the

Bleyoil rtailroad here.

Mr Bills on is now having a new traok laid for his electric
railroad. Tt will bo about t!r*ee miles long on perfectly level
ground and is intended for experimenting oh traction, speed and
■such like matters. Ho is building a passenger locomotive which'
Will' las fitted up in splendid stylo and which will have a maximum
capacity of one hundred miles an hour. • wh'eth'er it v/ill ever
in a$ this rate when finished v/ill very 1 mu’ch depend upon the
;,j.e of the driver.. T think it would be a very good spoculivt-
\ii insure the lives of the passengers the first time Mr. Edison
determines to run at this spped . Thor, he is going' to build

a ’freight locomotive which will have sufficient power to draw
cars each carrying Ions of freight. T suppose that the

whole thing will be finished in say "three months or maybo a little
longer. The road bod is all „'* a ded so that the 'permanent way
•will! be coMplted in a very short time.

•;You may remember those two bronxe medallion' portraits ’
•of Mr. Edison working on his Phonograph which was got up by Mr.

• kelly and which were sent over in a package of Telephones uoi.Vo
■t ii':ie’"i'n the latter part of ’ 79 or ’ GO I am not sure which.'Hr. ; :'
Kel'iy' was in ha* e the other day and T promised : t’o' see if you could
ttc> 'anything with a number of those. He had to''give up the work
in.'order to attend to some other matters but - 'ho 'is now free and
coUld’ let you have a supply if anything could bo' done. Cannot'
you put Mr.Kelly in communication with the London Sterescopic
Co'.? Considering the honors which Edison has gained at Paris

7 tdznr-7/~*

5RGM&M CO. PI

__ l »v APPOINTMENT, J

fflANUPAGTUP^EI^S OP GdISON’S INVENTIONS,

EDISON S ELEGWl^IG LIGHJP APPLIANCES A SPECIALLY.

-- , -_ _ 108-114 ffiOOSHlEI^ Sw^EECT.

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EDISON'S ELECTRIC LIGHT. APPLIANCES A SPECIALTY.

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H. JOHNSON,

The Edison Electric Light System.

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14 Southampton Bld’gs, Chancery Lane,

—^.LONDON,'-*—

, , „ c c ENGLAND.

14 north 5th Street,

—^PHILADELPHIA,**—'

PENN’A.

PHILIP S.JUSTIGE&CO

j COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND NEGOTIATORS

FOR THE PURCHASE OF

|Iron end Steel Rsils. Blooms,

| Pig Iron and Metals Generally.

We offer our services, both in America and Europe, as
confidential agents for the purchase of rails, blooms, pig iron,
I plates, &c. t &-c.

We feel sanguine of satisfying our friends in making
contracts for their account, directly with the manufacturers, as

j ^connections'. 1£ f~J la $.EWGi t }Lg

! i.Buyers should bear in mind, that orders entrusted to

| one reliable and capable parly, can be placed to far belter
advantage (and without disturbing values) than if quotations are
asked for, from half a dozen sources.

We solicit a portion of your business, and to those un¬
acquainted with our house, will give satisfactory references, on
application. Hay (Respectfully,

PHILIP S. JUSTICE & CO.

Cable Address,
HSYNG,

LONDONS

eo Negotiated In London.

GOLD MEDAL—PARIS, 1878.

^John ^tephenson l^ompany,

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T. A. EDISON,

Menlo Park, N. J.

• ‘ /F=ao^T~a^/ I

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CUj. hr^c^jL Jiuy^AA-J^

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| The Jers^dty Wheel Foundry and Machine Works,

i Y» k

CHILLED AND STEEL-TIRED CAR WHEELS.

<■—

a. e. a. a. s. a. a a. ll a. o. ei a. a. s. e. s. tL s. t*

iii, BETWEEN LtLU.iifl.ii A*

L U. L S. U. li. OF MENLO PARK IN THE STATE

L(L A. li. LL and £2. a A. !L k E. §.

, aa.LE.iLE.LE.LU of 1

LEES.E4.Si THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART H

sl a £. a E. A. 2# the parties o

) THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN, IN Srtl

LLQ.S1 IEEiEES.EE

IRST, THE PARTY OF THE I

AND VEND l» SWITZERLAND, BUT

TER THE TIME UEREINAFTEf

.I CENSE OTHERS TO HAKE, USE

(see ELEVENTH ARTICLE)

Lfc ", / - NO APPLIANCE OR APPARATIJO OR MACHINE CONNECTED WITH THE^O^S^^

^ I EDIQ^I ). ,T i 1 i TL> ,% ^ H ^l« L ! JJtlHi F i)i flDlffi ^

IHAVEMEYER.

SEVENTH. THE PARTIES OF THE SECOND PART AGREE TO 1 PAY THE
WHOLE COST OF ESTAULIGHING AKY WORKS OR MANUFACTORIES HEGES>

Gary to the carrying out of this agreement, also the exploita¬
tion EXPENOE8, AND ALGO AGREE TO PURCHASE FROM OAIO EDISON, W» TH¬
IN SIX MONTHS FROM THE DATE HEREOF ONE ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE AT
COOT PRICE. .

EIGHTH. Ill CONSIDERATION OF THE FOREGOING, THE PARTIES OF ThE
SECOND PART AGREE TO PAY TO THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART, ONE
HALF, (.FIFTY PER CENTUM) OF THE NET PROFITS ARISING FROM ANY

and all transactions, agreements or sales of the inventions iiepe-

IN REFERRED OR OF THE RIGHTS HEREIN TRANSFERRED, OR LICENSES,
AGREEING FURTHER THAT THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART SHALL NOT QE
RESPONSIVE OR LIABLE FOR ANY PORTION OF ANY LOSSES WHICH MAY
DE INCURRED IN ANY OR ALL OF SUCH TRANSACTIONS OR SALES, IT DE-
IHG UNDERSTOOD THAT IF THERE BY ANY LOSSES, THEY ARE TO DE BORIC
ENTIRELY DY THE PARTI E3 OF THE SECOND PART.

NINTH. THE PARTIES OF THE SECOND PART AGREE TO RENDER UNDER
OATH TO THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART, ON THE FIRST DAY OF MAY IK
EACH YEAR, AN INVENTORY AND ACCOUNT AND DALANCE SHEET OF ALL
TRANSACTIONS AND SALES OF THE YEAR ENDING ON THE PRECEDING LAST
DAY OF APRIL, SHOWING THE NET PROFITS} AND TO PAY ON SAID' FIRST
DAY OF MAY TO THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART, OR SOONER IF THE SAID
PARTY OF THE FIRST PART MAY DEMAND, THE PORTION OF PROFITS SE¬
CURED TO HIM IN THE EIGTH ARTICLE,

TENTH. . THE PARTY OF THE FIRST PART SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT AT
ANY TIME EITHER IN PERSON OR OY DULY AUTHORIZED AGENT, TO IN¬
SPECT AND EXAMINE ALL THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS OF THE PARTIES OF THEr

a TO VERIFY THE STATEMENTS P

Th/2 Jersey City Wheel Foundry and Machine Works,

CHILLED AND STEEL-TIRED CAR WHEELS.

P. O. Box 125 ,

/ ^/ / ^ Uy ' C^y ^/L^esy*<_

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. The Edison Electric Light Company,

65 Fifth Avenue,

New Ynrk » arch 3rd -

C. 0. Curtis, Esq.

City.

Dear sir: -

Major Eaton directs me to inform you that probably
the electric railway will Be run at Menlo Park tomorrow afternoon,
when several railroad men will probably visit Menlo Park, leaving
New York on the one o* clock train to inspect the road. Should
you desire to witness the test, will you please go to Menlo Park
on the one ohclock . train, and present this letter to Mr. Insull,
or to Mr. Hughes, apd they will show you every courtesy? Will
you please say to them at the same time that you are one of the
electrical experts regularly retained by this company.

Very truly yours,

F. Me. Gowan,

Stenographer.

THOMAS -A.. E3X3IS02ST,

^ TUEb?TUo2xl7Troulanil amjilt. oi'i'iom OB’ ja^'dayies^

TJjdjersey City Wheel Foundry and Machine Works,

Chilled and Steel-tired Car Wheels.

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LONG ISLAND
RAIL ROAD COMPANY
Vice President's Office, .

'115 BROADWAY.

NEW York, August 25.1882.

Mr. B.P.Fabbri

My dear Sir:

I have to acknowledge the receipt of your favo* of yes¬
terday asking us to place at the disposal of Mr. Edison a' pieco of
track for experimental purposes. I have referred your letter
to llr. Barton the Superintendent, and I have to recommend that you
put Mr. Edison* s representative in communication with Mr. Barton
personally, and if we have what will suit Mr. Edison* s purpose, we
do what we can to accomodate him.

. 1882.

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York, October 30th. 100?..
05 Fifth Avenue.

William H. Ridelng, F.sq.

!-• .• Boston, Mass.

Dear Siri-

■ I have boon so very busy all the week that I have

found it impossible to write you as promised before this. The
article in Scribner yo’.> refer to was written at the t.imo when
Mr. Rdioort was first oowmdneinc his experiments on electric light¬
ing. Th'e statements made in it are in the mam correct but it

.refers to lines of oxpen men tang which Mr, Bdis

> the

extent' forsook in ord or to give his undivided attention *
development of his system of electric illumination. His Phono—
"graph novr’ is in practically the same condition that it was at th
time' -tHV'art iclo was written. To'has experimented on it brit'"ver<
little since and it is to day what it was at that time mechani¬

cally 1
little

l scionti’fidally very wonkerful «

i yet ;

simple biit; of

> practical value cd'huiorcially, noubtloi

irre pfiri’od when Mr, F.dison has &jj>ro time on hand ho will tako it

; itp and' 'apply it to some praet:

cal put

i but at, present there • "

'do'e's'n'otsoom to be much prospec't of his hemp able to do so'.

•The* 'saids' remarks apply to the Aerophone and to the Megaphone. ' As
* t'o"‘thfli Microphone, that is simply.' .another form of his carbon

r the World'.' Mr. Bdi-

telephon’e 'Just 1 now extensively used, all <

•le a

; T hardly think there'/i^ anything new which you could

■ son'has of late years given but ljitt'le attention to telep,i‘aphic
ere'/ii i

2

mako hso of in your paper. In fact, his who.lo time has boon do-
votnd to the perfection of his electric light inventions. Yon
ask what are tho difficulties An tho v/ay of the general adoj/tion
of nlddtrioity- -As an illurninant in houses and state that you rn'for
that t-hb only difficulty is tho expense of tho original plant.' ''

•As'd'Matter of fact Mr. Bclison has put his system of electric '
linliting into general use at the present time. The only difficulty

•Scientif ic Monthly you will be able to get a very clear idea of
what. Mr. ltd 1 son'has done in connection with electric lighting. Tb
The' district which we are now lighting up is bordered by '.Vail,
Nassau and Spruce streets and the Bast River, we have at the "
present time about 2500 lamps of 10 candle power each connected
uj with our system and ./e are connecting others up daily. Whon

3

Vi

N

we have the full complement of lifehts burning which will be in the
course of tho next few months we shall have between 14 and 10000
•lights on the system. Prom this you will see that Mr., fidiaon
and his co-workers look upon tho problem as’ absolutely solved " "
and as soon as .we got everything in full running order wo shall'
invite 'experts to make the necessary tests to prove that we can
produce light by means of electricity cheaper than by means of
.gas . In addition to giving light in this district we shall
also supply electrical power. Rlectric meters will bo connoc- '"
tod with electric mams m precisely the same way as wo connect"
our lamps and by means of these meters wo propose to run all
kinds of small machinery up to 5 or 10 W. P. ’.70 can operat'd'"

ajfan or a sowing machine an 'ellevator or a dumb waiter a printing
pressJ in fact all kinds of small machinery, We shall not. go
boy'o'n'd tho 5 or 10 ”, P. as there is far more money to be made
an th'e supply of small power electrically. The reason for this
is that tho small steam engine is very uneconomical and requires'
a very consumption of coal as compared with small engines’ giving
creator H. P. '' k

> about tho same capacity £

•••jRivoi* Railroad steam locomotj

When this has boon t ’Sted i

Rue land for tho purpose of exploiting

W'-fltiOBtr-ii; railroad there.

rritinp a series of"articles

^ (^n •drootric lighting e

you could have a talk

than 1 could possibly v

If you require any olooi.ro typos I can T think supply you
ilVoAi as m have a considorablo stock of thorn referring to v

Hr. Edison’s electric iiRht !' Thorb i
actionwith' tho systoin that 'IT' you v/i

look Into and "fiet an understanding of i
dbrfd" YuU hack by this mail tho uol.<y of

hinany details in corih-
»re personally you' could

Not York, October Both, IflB?.,

. - ' 05 Avenue.

•<ly , hoar Matchelor: -

Your favor of the 10th, mat. came. duly
to' hand'.' -'V/ith reference to Vabbri* s option on European stock,

L do' not knot/ whether ho will take it or not. tt will' fer'eatly
depon'd T think tn the market price of the stock. The terms of.
the pption’ are as follows; ' Edison is to give r *’abbri not'ic’e that
ha conRidhfb t'.o first station m successful operation and "abbfi "
, is td 'haw* the - right to take the European stock at par within
t'hreo mo'nt'hs of that date, Nov;, Edison has not yet given "ahhri
that'not'lco, 'to has been waiting f o get two or three dynamos
running together , Th ls he has successfully done experimentally,
and we'Shall have them running' next week with the lamps on and
as soo'naas tl'.ey have been going -t or 4 days I propose suggesting
to Edison the necessity of at once giving Fabbn the necessary
notice. Ilvis.uy personal impression that Fabbr will exoroi's'o
■ ••this option and' take the stock. I have not got any definite
‘grounds' for this idea except that Winslow, ham or H Oo. who are
iri't'or'e&fod -with Mr. »abbri in the syndicate which took the first
block of stock busied themselv is considerably about European bight
Co. 'affairs v/he'n Uailey was here. T rather fancy that' Droxoly
Morgan £ Co'. will endeavor to’got, the control of the European Co.
when they'see that the first district is going to be a success.
'ta'iTey lias soiilo ideas as to this, .nat,tor as they had frorpiorit con-
vs'rs'afcioris' vith him on the subject. You might sound him about

it W . do not ton hi. t« I h.« «i~. ,hl "

•V ***** hi. X *..ld «, nothin. "f “ •

i. « ori.indl stmru0 * -motion «. not -an, «

/ r ; ipht - , 0 toll you what T. know about it as long as

hava aperfect riGht to 3 ........

t know that -kuson is willinB that I should.

aorpinann & Co. are xn full occupation of thoxr n«w
os tablxshmont and it xs running splondxdly.

,„e of tho most'slogant factorxns xn Mow York. Thoy started

movxns two veeks ago yesterday(Saturday) and on tho >musd y

follow infl had all thoxr men at work again xn the now ^ ^

Tho/ aro preparing to double up thoxr capacity in most *«*«'•

i,roi>o*xo ordorxng much from thorn I thxn^

' wonts-'’and ir your people 1<> opo-o

: •„,,-. rf vU b-a served far ,om promptly than heretofore. Thoy aro

G oxng to make money undoubtedly and 1 think your 10 per cent xn-
•0-or.isf on Kdxsoh’s ono third xskR sharo -will bring you xn
dollars at least .luring tho first year of the partnership.

• ; •• r.o'erck street is pretty hard pressed just now. ‘ ^ have

' aboht ICO to .100, 000 dollars'Svorth of stuff on hand and xf you '
A. can’ send ns solne orders for I.? Z, or 0 dynamos you ml bo doing
\ , groat favor. The Lamp Factory xs going along, prossfy

.fSwi'lV They aro not making money on their lamps but I do not think
' they' ate l'osing any now. I. have got Mr. howrey to agree to a
.*•; -cl'husb in tho new contract providing that the Lamp Company shall ’
haye"4'0 con’ts Tor every lamp and wo aro to settle tho do taxi-
tho cont'r&oV '■

t.f c.» nlf Wit fit

ja ail think this a vary pood move. Johnson wont in as the nom¬
inee of Mr? ftdison and brexol, Morgan & Co.

The'Isolated Company still continues to thrive, I
’ - think that on the first of December they will declare a dividend
of 10 |/or:"‘oon t’ They ar e got ting orders every day arid their plants'
give entire stais'faction. The first district, is still running
with orio 'dynamo-, fclison has got that rigging for the coupling
device all fixed up and all last week the boys .-ere practising
throwing in and out .erichineo. Me promises to put on over a"
thousand more lights tomorrow or Tuesday and another thousand will
follow Very soon a<*tor. from the figures I do not think it will
be'more 'tivari a rnonth before instead of tha first s tat ion "boinr' a
drag on the resources of the Illuminating Co. it will be a sourbo
of income to them, or course not. very much at first but they
will 'come all right after. It will be a great thing to be able
t® Inafce' some money three months after the Tirs t station is started*

. APPAXHS, English flight is getting into' a do-

li'ght'ful pickle. We have had some very sharp correspondence' • ->
indeed with the English Co. ' In fact about the sharpest business
Corres'p'o'n'denc o that T ever had anything to' do with. It"has ended
by >Tr. Arnold 'Wite starting for America with the object- of trying
to s.-ito-dth things over. The trouble'is though that, a. White as "
not bailable of'running an electric light company. T told Johnson ’
this■>a ; t'"the tins of his appointment-. ’ Johnson admitted the truth'-
i'f it and said that A. White was* to> be' Secrotary and not

bit sib es r s

■'m

’■''3*^™° r. h. i. th. l.«.r »nd »»-

old Hr. Jouvrlo thiol.. Whit. « •»*“• «ttum
* ,, vi. uut from private information Johnson fjots from

' : ;4tho position. But from privs

/ ''Jiori'don 'it’'would appear to us
i "' no you "hoar anythih'i:

■' '"^iiV-v'sDX^ SWTTZIW.AMD. ' Wh"

that tho wholo business in bhihg :

3 Sooioto it,. I let riuquo has

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‘THOMAS A. EDISON,
MBNLO PARK, N. J.

Thomas A. Edison, , \A / > y yf- 77

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■'id transit railroad company.

DIRBOTOS

NEW YORK, OE0R I4TH 1882.

TH0MA8 A.EDISON ESQ.,

65 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK,

MY SEAR SlRJ-

I AM VERY MUCH OBLIGED To YOU INDEED FOR YOUR : KI NO NOTE
ADVISING ME THAT ON MoNOAY NEXT I CAN BE PERMITTED TO 8EE AN EXHIBITION
OF THE eLEOTRI? RAILWAY AT' MENLO PARK. I SHALL TAKfi THE LIBERTY OF
BRINGING WITH ME * SCOTCH GENTLEMAN REPRESENTING LARGE INVESTORS AND
HOUSES IN GLASGOW; ALSO MR N,C.Mli.LER,PRE8| OENT OF THE IRON STEAMBOAT

company,and perhaps'another friend or two.

THANKS FOR your' thoughtfulness in this matter

1 TRULY YOURS

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■ ^/i/yle/i^rfi/yewld —----

S # 1 »ffk Hon » PPf j #Io:a ftu )« rtttWX. pns»J,»!K 1- .f J^yf '

pur mechanician has infantad an apparently feasible

dov ( loB for magnetizlng^rails so as to increase the traction or
thf^. lo«orna ? tivoand wants me to take it up with hinu His patent
Jawy^r !^or s ts no American patents on the subject and the inven¬
tor knows of none except, Werriem^jnns of London, and that is en¬
tirely different. I am certain, however, that l have heard Mr.

v--r,.VKOJ.|MOO 03 {»U(« .Oil ro.i SH*, hjo |;i 4 «u-

Edisjiti ^lai^ipcreased traction for his electric looomotive and

.think 'he must have such a claim amonp his patents. Will you

! ' •.WMonviw wifjf v ; •»« n louansrs-j $jt.. , . . ;-';t

kindly advise me or the facts and explain his devinp and claim,

->n>. m:n:o- ■ ' . - 'Pi

.01^ refer me to his patent if issued? 1 dont want to spend any non-

i thing already covered,

if it is a clear field l may

io so - and in ^Jiat eaae^will lay it before Mri Edison. Pardon
0?ri f ^!*8li5^^|e^ * you * but 1 * now hH ls wry busy‘and that you

are pood natured#

With kind regards, Truly Yours,

2

inventions, caveats, applications for patents, patents, grants,
concessions or privileges.

That the amount of the Capital Stock of the said Company
is to bo Two Million Dollars.

That the term or the existence of the said Company is
to be fifty years.

That the number of shares of which the said Stock is to
consist is to be Twenty thousand shares, at One Hundred Dollars a
share,

That the number of Trustees who shall manage the con¬
cerns of the said Company is to be nine, and the names of such
Trustees for the first year are

Henry Villard, of New York City,

Egisto P. Pabbri, oT New York City,

Orosvenor P. Lowrey, of New York City,

Sherburne B. Eaton, of New York City,

Simeon 0. Reed, of Portland, Oregon,

Stephen D. Pield, of New York City,

Robert E. Deyo, of New York City,

Charles W. Rogers, of New York City, and

That theiop,er at ions of the said Company shall be carried
i in.the United Stateser1Ca and the Dominion of qanadafand

the principal offii

■r the Company shall be in the City of New

York, County and State or New York:

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto
set our hands this Twentieth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three, (1883).

E. P. B.

G. P. L.

(Signed). S. B. E.

T. 2. E.

Simeon Q. Reed.

Stephen D. Field.

R. E. Deyo.

C. W. Rogers.

««?* ^ «• «* mm

M-E. -M.Ill W D U M of an A 0 R E E M E.N T between
Stephen.D. Field and Simeon G. Read, on behalf of themselves and
associates, of the First part, and Thomas A. Edison and S.,B. Eaton
on behalf of themselves and their associates, (including the
Edison Electric hight Co.), of the Second part.

W H SH EAS, Mr. Field and Mr. Edison have each been
engaged in experiments and inventions having for their object
electrical propulsion on Railways and have each obtained Patents
and applied for other Patents, and it has been proposed to unite
the two interests, and

, W H E R E A S, Agreements have been entered into between
the parties hereto of even date herewith, for the formation of
another Company uniting all or the interests excepting the rights
to use upon elevated railroads in the City of New York, and

W..H. E R E A j>, it is proposed to unite the two inter¬
ests for use upon elevated railroads in the City of New York
It is, therefore AGREED as follows:

-?-• A_CO RP QRATION , under the laws of the

State of New York, shall be formed within six months Trom the
execution of this Agreement, to which shall be transferred all
the inventions now owned or controlled by the parties hereto,
being exclusively applicable to electrical propulsion on Railways,
but not includ&ng lighting and heating by electricity, to be used
only upon the Elevated Railroads in the City of New York now ex¬
isting, dr that may hereafter b^extended from the present Elevated
Roads, or independently .built'.

All' future inventions or the said Edison made prior to
January 13th. 1880, and all Tuture inventions of said Field made
at. any time hereafter which may be exclusively applicable to elec¬
trical propulsion on Railways (but not including lighting and
heating by electricity) shall also be transferred to,the said Cor¬
poration for use upon the said Elevated Railroads. And the said
Corporation shall also receive exclusive licenses to use on the
said Elevated Railroads allj inventions which have been made or may
be made by the said Edison before January 12th; 1880, and which
have been made or may at any time be made by the said Field, inci¬
dental to such propulsion, exclusive of lighting and heating by
electricity.

The stock or the said Corporation shall be used for the
purchase of the rights or license to use upon the said Elevated
Railroads, and shall be divided as follows:

_(A) Sufficient thereor shall be sold to pay into the
Treasury of the parent Company above referred to, a sum equal to
the proportion that the Capital of the two Corporations bears to
the Capital of this Corporation in the amount paid by the parent
Company to the said Field and Edison, to reimburse them for their
cash outlay in experiments, or in other words, this Corporation ..
shall contribute pro rata, with the Capital of the Companies
towards such reimbursement.

(B) And after such reimbursement the remaining stook

naS 1 anH d r Vl r?* d; rifty P° r o cen t (50°o)to the parties of the First
> i y per cent (50^ ;6 ; to the paPt i es of the Second part.

This Stock to

3

be divided between the Pield and Edison
Interest, shall be deposited with a Banking Coup any, and placed
under the charge of a Special Committee of three, one named by the
Field interest, one by the Edison interest, and a third to be named
by these two; and none or the said stock shall be sold, pledged
or used, except under the direction of this Special Committee.

This Committee shall give to each owner of the stock a receipt
specifying the number or his shares, and whenever he wishes to sell
the same or any part thereof, he shall give notice to the Commit¬
tee and they shall sell it and give him the proceeds ir the price
to be obtained be such as they think it right to take, having
regard to the interests conaemed, but not below the price at which
he may limit it. Wien either interest desires to sell, the other
shall be notified, and shall be at liberty to contribute one hair
or less or the amount to be sold at the same time and price, and
the proceeds shall be divided pro rata.

At such time as the Field and Edison interest may dis¬
solve the Committee, which must be within two years of the date
hereof, the stock not sold and belonging to each owner shall be
returned to him.

It is further agreed, that should the parties hereto,
consent to forego the formation of a Corporation as herein provided
a sale to the Elavated Railroad Companies of the rights to use the
Patents and inventions may be made outright, and the proceeds apply
as the stock of a Company is to be applied.

W 1 T N E S S w H E, R. B 0 F the parties heret
have hereunto set their hands and seals this Twentieth day or
April, 1883.

Signed, Sealed and De¬
livered in the presence or
as to S. D. Field and
S. 0. Reed. {Signed}

Edi’^-P., fjowell
Chas. Edgar Mills.

Stephen D. Field.
Simeon 0. Reed.

T. A. E.

S. B. E.

E. E. Zi. Go. by
S. B. E. Pt.

T. A. Edi!

The Edison Electric Light Company 1

65 Fifth Avenue

New York—

.-A b r i l...23rd.., 8 tf»

SL

T. A. Edison, Esq, •

City.

Dear Sir

Enclosed please find copies of three papers to be
considered at a Meeting of the Executive Company of the Light Com¬
pany to be called tomorrow. The papers are (1) Certificate of
Incorporation of Electric Railway' Compny of the United States,

(2) Agreement between Field, Edison and others regarding the Gen¬
eral Company; (3) Agreement between Field, Edison and others

regarding the Mew York company.. . .

Regarding the Certificated; Incorporation, I am not
quite satisfied with having our interest supply four of the names
of the incorporators.' I will state my reasons at the mooting
tomorrovf.

Regarding the agreement for the General Company, it
suits me pretty weel. I have spent a good deal of time on it,
and have required Mr. Davit!':Dudley Field to redraw" the contract
several times, in order to get it to suit me. So far as I am
concerned, I am quite well satisfied with it as it now stands.

Regarding the agreement for the New York City Company,

I am also satisfied with that.

It will be bocossary for our Company to designate the
' four Directors who will .Represent;.it in the BoardsoAdirection of

: '*S

9

ELECTRIC RAILWAY CO OF THE UNITED STATES,

Thomas A. Edison, Esq.,

05 Fifth Ave.

City.

Doar Sirt-

I am thia morning in receipt of the ’following night no 13-
sagos which will doubtless interest you. Vj- •

Chicago, Juno 5, 1883.

“Rah oar empty at one P. U. Could have carried passon-
“gors but dosirod carry Commissioners first, Hade thorn pay faro
" “to-night. Hr. Adtuns starting train. Evorything all right.*

(Signed) Prank U, Rao.

(Company*a Electrician in charge.)

Also,

|

Chicago, June 5, 18C3.

“We made satisfactory paying trips to-night.
“Road in entire order. Shall camraonce regular running tomorrow.*

" (Signod) J. McGregor Adams.

(Conan* r 4 Treasurer of Nat. Exposition Railway Appliances. )

Comment is unnecessary.

I also bog to hand you copy of tho
containing an article on tho Electric R‘way;
herewith a pass thereon, which please accept
of tho Commissioners.

2

i

Chicago “Inter-Ocoan*
and also enclose
with the compliments

Very truly

h 0 A#'

’leni<0^^er.r/M^^ §Swurr

• ‘ ^ .AM -3

^-X dinufrA

■f'X.

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f;

MR. EDISON'S ELECTRIC RAILWAY
INVENTIONS IN EUROPE.

Opinion of Mr. Eaton as to v4 10 is entitled to past
and future Inventions, prepared June 11th, 1890.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

(1) The first disposition made by Mr. Edison of

his electric light and power inventions in Great Britain
and Ireland, was his agreement of December 31, 1878, with
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Co. and Messrs. Eabbri and Lowrey.
That agreement disposed of certain of his inventions and
patents relating to electricity for the "uses of illumina¬
tion, power and heating", and will be fully discussed in
this opinion. .. ,

(Note:- A list of all the contracts and other docu¬
ments relating to this subject, so far as I know, is annex¬
ed at the end of this opinion, arranged chronologically).

(2) Eor how long a period was Mr. Edison bound by
the above agreement to turn over his said inventions? My
answer is that the agreement of December 31, 1878, together
with the supplemental instrument of December 31,-1881,
bound him as follows:

(a) To turn over to Messrs. Pabbri and Lowrey,
Trustees, all inventions and improvements made dur¬
ing five years, i.e. prior to January 1, 1884.

(See See. 3 of said agreement).

(b) To constitute Drexel, Morgan & Co., his

attorneys in fact, to convey to all purchasers of
inventions covered by the aforesaid five year period,
«a like interest* in all future inventions as afore¬
said, made between the end of the said five year ,
period and the end of seventeen yearB from December
31 1878, the date of the said agreement, i.e.

Deoember 31, 1895. (See Sec. 7.)

(3) What disposition did the said Trustees, MesBrB.

Eabbri and Lowrey, and the said attorneys in fact, Messrs.

Drexelj Morgan & Co., make of the said patents and inven-

tl0nS *Thef entered, jointly with Mr. Edison* into the

Bouverie agreement of February 18, 1882, for the formation

Q

t

i

of the English Company. Under that agreement the said
English Company acquired the following patents and inven¬
tions of Mr. Edison:

(a) All patents already taken out by him or in
his behalf in relation to the application of elec¬
tricity or magnetism as a lighting, heating and mo¬
tive agent. (See Sec. 8 of Bouverie agreement.)

(b) All extensions of the said patents, with¬
out further payment. (See Sec. 9.)

(o) All.improvements made by Edison "upon or
"connected with the said inventions so far as said
"extensions and improvements may relate to the ap-
■plication of electricity or magnetism as lighting,
•heating and motive agent." (See Sec. 9.)

(d) The Bouverie agreement further provides
that after making "any such improvements", and after
taking out patents for them, Mr. Edison shall "with
all reasonable speed" inform the said English Com¬
pany thereof, and of the expense both of his experi¬
ments and of obtaining patents, and the Company
shall then have three months to elect whether to ac¬
quire "the improvements referred to in such notice."
If they do not elect to take, their rights cease.

If they do elect to take, they shall pay to Mr. Edi¬
son his aforesaid expenses in experiments, with 100
per cent, added, without reference to his compensa¬
tion from other souraes, and shall also pay him the
amount of all expenses and fees in obtaining and
keeping up such letters patent.

(e) Clearly this Bouverie agreement covered
electric railway inventions (See (5) below). More¬
over, it covered all of Mr. Edison 1 s Baid "improve¬
ments" made at any time in the future, without lim¬
it. In this last regard, this agreement binds him
longer than the aforesaid Drexel-Morgan agreement of
December 31, 1878, which bound him only for seven¬
teen years, i.e.to December 31, 1895.

(Note. It should be observed that as regards
the future, Mr. Edison agreed to turn over his "im¬
provements". The question arises whether this in¬
cludes all sorts of new inventions relating to
lighting, heating and motive agent. A variety of
words seem to have been used when speaking of im¬
provements or inventions. For instance, words in
the said Drexel-Morgan agreement are "studies and
experiments for making other inventions* (See first
recital, p. 1.); also "any invention relating to
the general subject matter". (See Sec. 1)} also
"inventions or improvements" (See Sec. 3); also
"inventions" (See Sec. 7); whereas the word in the
Bouverie agreement is always "improvements"; also
•inventions, improvements, devices and letters pat -
ent contemplated" (See Power of Attorney of March 1,
1881, to D. M. & Co.). Were all these words in-

I

tended to be used synonymously ? I think they
were.)

(4) Did the English Company acquire by the Bouverie
agreement everything which Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Co. et
al. had acquired by their agreement of December 31, 1878;
and have the last named parties any existing rights to-day
under their said agreement?

What Drexel, Morgan & Co. acquired,,is mentioned
herein in section (2) above. It was, first, the Edison
inventions and improvements for illumination, power and
heating, made prior to January 1, 1884, and, second, the
right to give to other parties, i.e., for instance, the
said English Company, “a like interest" in all similar fu¬
ture Edison inventions till January 1, 1896. I have no -
doubt that as regards the said first item, i.e. inventions
made prior to January 1, 1884, the English Company acquired
them. As regards the second item, i.e. the Baid "like
interest", my opinion is that it was superseded and virtu¬
ally annulled, except as stated below in Sec. (5),by the •
Bouverie agreement. That agreement, I should mention, v/as
duly "ratified and adopted" by the English Company, as ap¬
pears by Sec. 99. of its Articles of Association.

(3) Have Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Co. any existing
rightB to-day under their agreement of Dec enber 31, 1878?

In my judgment thoy have not, except as to electric rail¬
ways, as stated below in the next section hereof.

. . J.J. any, nave mcbsib . urexej., MOr-

sociates, to-day, as to Mr. Edison's rajl-
In reply I submit the following as my

(6) What
|-gan & Co. and as
way inventions? ■
opinion:

(a) Inasmuch as the Bouverie agreement in-
>cluded electric railways, i.e. every electric "mo¬
tive agent", there is no doubt, as already stated,-
that the English Company was entitled to past and
all future inventions, pursuant to its privilege of
election mentioned above in (d) of Sec. (3).

(b) But Sec. 15 of the Bouverie agreement hae
this important provision, to wit, that as regards -
all patents which the English Company elect to take
as aforesaid, they shall grant to Mr. Edison, or hie
nominees, free and exclusive lioenses to use the
same and "any improvements.thereof" for "locomotion
only on railways, or tramways or on common roads".

waa * n faot afterwards granted, namely,
^ ^ ^ November 15, 1883, between the

English Company, Mr. Edison and Messrs. Eabbri and
the .? ast named Parties being designated
therein as the sa id "nominees. »

(c) The important question now arises, for
whose benefit did the B e nominees take title under

sras-tJlra-j; a. -

agr sement of Decanber 31, 1878, or for whom? Who
are the beneficiaries under the trust assumed by
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey, the two "nominees as.
aibresaid? I cannot answer this question with cer¬
tainty, but I shall discusp it below.

(d) To begin, I am surprised not to find any
declaration by Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey, nominees,
'declaring for whose benefit they took the aforesaid

free and exclusive licenses for locomotion. Mr.
Edison has no copy of any such declaration, nor has
Mr. Coster, and I am told that probably none was
ever made. If such a document exists it would
probably solve this question. But not being able
to find any, I must draw my own conclusions from the
documents beft re me.

(e) As regards all electric railway inven¬
tions and improvanents made by Mr. Edison prior to
January 1, 1884, the same being covered by the agree¬
ment of December 31, 1878, it seems to me that it
must have been intended that the alb resaid licsiseB
to Fabbri and Lowrey, nominees, from the English
Company, were for the benefit of the parties to that
agreement, just as if electric railway rights had
never been parted with by those parties. Doubtless
the plan was when the Bouverie agreement was made
and the English Company was about to be fonned, to
give to that Comp may all the uses of the various
patents and inventions save and except the uses for
locomotion purposes. One way to carry out this
plan, as regards patents usable for both locomotion
and lighting, was for Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey,
Trustees under the Drexel-Morgan agreement, to re¬
tain title to the patents-but to grant licaises
thereunder to the English Company for the uses and
purposes cantenplat ed. Another way was to assign
the patents to the English Company, and to then take
back from them free and exclusive licenses for loco¬
motion. Naturally this last way was adopted, and •
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey who had parted with title
for all usob in their capacity as trustees, received
back a restricted title for locomotion purposes only
in their capacity as nominees. I must assure there
was some good reason other than an intended change
of interests, why these gentlemen were called Trus¬
tees in the one case and Nominees in the other.
However, that is a trifling matter. Whatever they
are called, it seems to me that the intention must

therefore, of the opinion that Messrs. Drexel, Mor¬
gan & Co. and associates, have the same interest in
Mr. Edison's eleotric railway inventions made prior
to January 1, 1884, as if Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey,
Trustees under the original agreement, had never
ceased to hold title to said inventions.

(f) Assuming then that Messrs. Drexel, Morgan
* Company and asBOoiateB have the interest mentioned
above, can Mr. Edison fairly claim that it has been
forfeited for anything which they have either done
or omitted to do !

All grounds of forfeiture aro set forth in the
said agreement of December 31, 1878. The second
section thereof provides that if Drexel, Morgan &
Company fail to dispose of "the principal or con¬
trolling invention", that is to Bay the certain ap¬
plication for a British patent filed at London on or
about the day of October, 1878, before July 1,

1882 (extended by the agreement of March 1, 1881, to
January 1, 1886), Mr. Edison may require his patents
to be reconveyed to him. ThiB ground of forfeiture
or reconveyance, however, was defeated by the Bou-
verie agreement of February, 1882, which did in fact
dispose of the Baid controlling invention.

The third section of the said agreement of
December 31, 1878, provides that if Drexel, Morgan
& Company fail or refuse to advance the sums requi¬
site to obtain Letters Patent, Mr. Edison may by
written notice served on them, require his patents
to be reconvoyed to himself. Evidently, this re¬
lates only to inventions made prior to January 1,
1884. If Drexel, Morgan & Company have failed or
refused to advance the said sums, and if Mr. Edison
has given the said notice, it seems to me that the
electric railway patents now in question covering
inventions made prior to January 1, 1884, should
fairly be reconveyed to Mr. Edison, as regards the
specific patentB in question in each case. TOiether
in fact, there was a default of this kind, I do not
know, but I assume there was not.

(g) It may be said that under a reasonable
construction of the second section of the said
agreement of December 31, 1878, Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Company and Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey,
Trustees or nominees, should now consent to turn'
over to Mr. Edison all electric railway licenses se¬
cured frcm the English Company, together with all
rights so far as eleotric railway inventions are
concerned touching all inventions made by Mr. Edison
prior to and since January 1, 1884, beoause Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company have not yet made any dis¬
position of the said inventions so far as electric
railways are concerned, and have not contributed to
the expense of experiments and patents. Have they

I

not, therefore, fairly forfeited their rights by in¬
action ?

In answering this question, we must remember
that under the Bouverie agreement the parties to be
dealt with by Mr. Edison touching expenses for ex¬
periments and patents, were the English Company, and
not Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company. If Mr. Edi¬
son has asked the English Company to pay these ex¬
penses, and if they have refused to do so, it may
fairly be asked what were his duties to Drexel, Mor¬
gan & Oompany under those circumstances ? Unfor¬
tunately, I find nothing in any of the agreements
providing for this emergency. Indeed, I would not
undertake to foretell what the decision of a Court
would be on this and kindred points if this matter
were to end in a lawsuit. In my mind, it presents
a question for amicable adjustment between the parties.

■ (h) Suppose Mr. Edison were now to make some
new inventions applicable to eleotrio railways, who
would own them, in view of the opinions I have ex¬
pressed ?

I think that if these inventions were covered
by the Bouverie agreement recited above in section
(4) of this opinion, they would go to the English
Oompany in the first instance, if that company
elected to pay for the experiments and patents, and
that the said company would be obliged to grant an
exclusive license, under the license agreement of
November 15, 1883, mentioned above, to Messrs. Fab-
bri and lowrey as nominees.

But suppose the English Company eleoted not to
pay for the experiments and patents, who then would
own these inventions for Great Britain ? ThiB is
a diffioult question to answer, but having studied
all these agreements carefully, and having tried to
discover the real intent lying behind them, I think
that these new inventions of Mr. Edison for electric
railways, would in the foregoing emergency belong to
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey, as nominees, so far as
Great Britain is concerned, the Bame to be held by
them for the benefit of the respective parties to
the fundamental Drexel-Morgan agreement of December
31, 1878.

It may be asked, would Messrs. Fabbri and
lowrey pay the expenses of experiments and patents
as to these new inventions ? I find nothing in the
agreements which supplies an answer to this ques¬
tion, but it seems to me that the safe course for
Mr. Edison to pursue, would be to notify the said
nominees and Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, that
unless the English Company paid for experiments and
patents as required by the Bouverie agreement, he
would expect them to pay for the same, and in de¬
fault thereof, after giving reasonable notice, he

would treat the said inventions as his own property.

If any of the new electric railway inventions now in
question are not covered by the Bouverie agreement,
that is to say, if the English Company has no claim
upon them, 1 think that even then the proper course
for Mr. Edison to pursue is to give reasonable no¬
tice. to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company and asso¬
ciates, that unless they pay for the experiments and
patents, he shall treat them as his own property.

True, I find nothing in any agreement which requires
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company to pay for the
aforesaid experiments, nevertheless it iB certainly
just that if Mr. Edison puts hiB time into making
the experiments for the benefit of his old asso¬
ciates, they should pay for them, at least to a
reasonable extent.

The difficulty in expressing an opinion on
these questions, is, that vhile they are not actual¬
ly covered by the agreements, they are nevertheless
probably covered by what was intended, and by what
the parties had in mind when the agreements were
made. In such oases X think that the best way is
for the parties themselves to get together and come
to an amicable adjustment, for X am sure that these
questions cannot be answered with certainty by means
of the agreements themselves.

To sum up, and to reply more definitely to the
question asked above, viz! what rights, if any,
have Messrs. Drexel,'Morgan & Company and associates,
today, touching Mr. Edison’s railway inventions as
regards Great Britain and Ireland, I reply that with
reference to the license granted to Messrs. Eabbri
and Lowrey, as Nominees, by the license of November
15, 1883, I think that it should be treated as cov¬
ered by the Drexel-Morgan agreement of December 31,
1878; and that with reference to subsequent elec¬
tric railway inventions, as well aB to any which Mr.
Edison may hereafter make, they also should be con¬
sidered as oovered by the said agreement of December
31, 1878. I further think that the various and im¬
portant points yet requiring solution, aB above
stated, should be settled by mutual adjustment and
consent by and between the parties to that agreement,
in a spirit of fair dealing to all concerned. I
regret that I cannot give a more satisfactory reply,
but in view of the absence of provisions in the va¬
rious contracts covering matters now under discus¬
sion, this is the best answer I have to make.

II.

SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

(7) Sweden and Norway are covered by a set of
agreements dated March X, 1881, made between Mr. Edison,
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company and Messrs. Eabbri and
lowray, as Trustees. This set of agreements is substan¬
tially the same as those referred to above relating to
Great Britain and Ireland, viz: the agreement of December
31, 1878, and the set of agreements also of March 1, 1881.

These agreements for Sweden and Norway cover illum¬
ination, power and heating, and authorize Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Oompany to dispose of all inventions or improve¬
ments made by Mr. Edisojjt prior to March 1, 1886, and to
grant a like interest in all subsequent inventions made by
him for seventeen years, that is to say, prior to March 1,
1898. The proceeds are to be divided equally between Mr.
Edison and Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company.

My cornnents made above as regards eleotrio railway
inventions in Great Britain and Ireland, apply with like
force to this set of agreements for Norway and Sweden, I
believe that Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company have never
parted with any rights of any sort under these agreements,
consequently.

J \1&. ♦

ii

IXST of all agreements,&c., which Mr. Baton is able to find)
relating to Mr. Edison’s Electric Railway Patents and j
Inventions for Europe, with comnents on same, prepared |
to accompany Mr. Eaton's Opinion of June 11, 1890.

(1) December 31, 1878. ThiB is the date of the
fundamental agreement, the parties thereto being Mr. Edison,
'Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, and Messrs. Pabbri and
I Lowrey, as Trustees. The agreement covers patents granted]
by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, that is!
to say, "Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

! the Isle of Man, and such other portions of the British
Dominions as are included in such Letters Patent". The
i subject matter of the patents covered by the agreement are ;
inventions relating to electricity for the "uses of ilium- ]
'ination, power and heating". Messrs. Drexel, Morgan &

: Company agree to pay for the expense of talcing out patents, ;
also to pay for any exhibitions they might see fit to make, j
and to assume the financial management as to disposing of ]
patent rights. The patents were to be transferred to
Messrs. Pabbri and Lowrey, as Trustees, subject to the
agreement.

The agreement further provides in its second section,]

; that if Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company fail to dispose of]

!: "the controlling invention" before July 1, 1882, Mr. Edison;
i can within six months thereafter require them to reoonvey j
to him the patents subject to then outstanding licenses or
i assignments made by them, if any.

■I (Note:- Apparently the various documents which

were to be executed jointly with this agreement of December
! 31, 1878, that is to say Powers of Attorney and Covenants
li by Trustees, were not prepared and executed until more than
|i two years after the date of the agreement, viz: March 1,

: 1881. And I find that in the Trust Agreement of that
I data, viz: March 1, 1881, from Mr. Edison to Messrs.

Pabbri and Lowrey, the following: "and in ease Drexel,

i "Morgan & Company shall have failed to dispose of the prin-
ij "oipal (sic) or controlling invention referred to in the

■ "second clause of said agreement of December 31, 1878, be-
"fore January 1, 1886". Then upon demand in writing by
Mr. Edison served on Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company with-
in six months after January 1, 1886, the Trustees must re-
I convey to Mr. Edison all the patents and inventions assign-j

ii ed to them, but subjeot to outstanding licenses, &o. How j
|| this period happened to be changed frcm July 1, 1882, to j
!| January 1, 1886, I do not know, but there iB no doubt that j

|!tha change was made and that it beoame binding on Mr.
’Edison.)

By this agreement of December 31, 1878, Mr. BdiBon
further agreed to assign to the said Trustees all inven¬
tions made prior to January 1, 1884, also to constitute
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company his Attorneys in fact.to
i convey to all purchasers of inventions assignable prior to
January 1, 1884, as aforesaid "a like interest in all fu¬
ture inventions" after that date.

(Note:- Annexed to this agreement of December 31 ,
1878, is a list of agreements to be drawn as supplemental
to the said agreement itself, and in that list reference is
made to the above mentioned Power of Attorney to Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company, to wit: "A special power by

"Edison to Drexel, Morgan & Company to sell all his inter¬
est in existing and future inventions of the five year
■period, and letters Patent to be granted thereon, and to
"agree with the purchasers of any invention that they are
! "to have the title to all the like inventions made within
c "seventeen years from date of foregoing agreement, subject, ;
: "however, as to inventions subsequent to July, 1884, to a
! "compensation to be fixed by arbitrators." I find that
: such a power was actually given by Mr. Edison to Messrs. j

Drexel, Morgan & Company under date of March 1, 1881, and j

that it covers the aforesaid inventions made before January 1
1, 1884, and "a like title or interest or right* to all
further inventions made between January 1, 1884, and the
: end of seventeen years from December 31, 1878, that is to
say, December 31, 1895, the latter being subject to oompen- ;
sation, payable to Mr. Edison, to be fixed either mutually !
or by arbitration.)

The third section of this agreement of December 31, I
1878, provides that if Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company j
"shall fail or refuse to advance the sums requisite to ob- j
ji "tain letters patent for any invention, it shall be at the
ij "option of Edison, within a time specified in a notice in
j! "writing to be served by him upon Drexel, Morgan & Company
ij "and each of the Trustees (and which shall not be Issb than
j: "two nor more than three months) to require a reconveyance
Ij "by the’ Trustees to him of all right, title and interest
|| "remaining in them, x x x and not sold or disposed of
Ij "or agreed to be, in good faith, by Drexel, Morgan & Com-
ji "pauy, and after the giving of any such notice the interest
j! "°£ Drexel, Morgan & Company in suoh invention or the pro-
i; "oeeds thereof, shall cease." The said section then goes
j: on to prodice that Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company may,
j: upon receiving the aforesaid noticd, require an arbitration
Ij upon the question whether their refusal to make advances
was justified, and if the arbitrators decide that it was
j: the said notice by Edison shall be held void. The fourth
ij section provides that no cancellation of interest as afore-
ji said shall impair any obligations then existing touching

purchasers or intending purchasers.

The second section of the said agreement of December
31, 1878, gave Mr. Edison the right, as already stated
above, to demand a reconveyance to him in case Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company failed to dispose of "the princi¬
pal or controlling invention* within a certain period,
which period appears to have been fixed by the supplemental
trust agreement of March 1, 1881, already mentioned above,
as January 1, 1886. I assume that this provision is of no
effect, because Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company did in
fact dispose of the said invention when they made the
agreement of February 18, 1882, knovm as the "Bouverie
Agreement", pursuant to which there was subsequently formed
the company known as "The Edison Electric light Company,
limited".

(2) Maroh 29, 1879. I find a letter of this date
from Mr. lowrey to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company. In
it he refers to a letter from Mr. Edison to himself promis¬
ing an interest to Mr. Lowrey in all of Edison's English
patents.. I have no copy of that letter from Mr. Edison
to Mr. lowrey. This letter of March 29, goeB on to say
that the proceeds or profits of English patents, are to be
divided equally between Mr. Edison and Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Company, and that the interest thUB secured to
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company shall belong two-thirds to
them and one-third to Mr. Lowrey. All comnunications made
to London or Paris Bankers are to be chargeable against the
Drexel, Morgan & Company interest alone, but all other
charges are to be charged against them and Mr. Lowrey joint¬
ly. The letter further Btates that the same understanding
exists as to any other foreign patents concerning which
similar arrangements may be made between Mr. Edison and
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company. The letter concludes by
asking Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company to reply to Mr.
Lowrey and to state whether he has correctly set forth the
arrangement between them.

(3) June 9, 1879. Apparently an agreement was
made on this date between Mr. Edison and Colonel Gouraud,

|! whereby the latter was given a one-tenth interest in all j
: that the former got under any letters patent, of the United j
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, so far aB relates to I
patents already granted or thereafter granted to the said
Edison for a period of five years, that is to say until
June 9, 1884. The said interest of Gouraud is to be sub¬
ject to all concessions and payments whioh Edison may have
to make to others. The said agreement further releases
Edison fran all prior claim of Gouraud touohing any and all
ji of the inventions or letters patent therein referred to.

: l I have no copy of this agreement, but it is recited: at
length in the agreement mentioned next below in this letter,

dated July 21, 1879.

(4) July 21, 1879. This is an agreement between
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company and Mr. Edison, and after
reoiting the aforesaid agreement of June 9, 1879, between
Edison and Gouraud, goes on very briefly to state that
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company shall pay to Mr. Edison
one-half of all sums which he may pay to Gouraud in accord¬
ance with the said agreement of June 9, 1879.

(5) February 18, 1881. Mr. Edison has a copy of
an assignment of this date, whereby for $30,000., the law
firm of Porter, Lowrey, Soren and Stone, assigned to Mr. J.
Hood Wright an undivided one-tenth part of the whole inter¬
est originally owned by Mr. lowrey in the Edison patents
for Great Britain and Sweden and Norway. Attached to the
assignment is a letter from Mr. lowrey to Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Company dated February 1, 1881, and a letter from
him to Mr. Wright, of the same date. But these letters
merely lead up to the said assignment itself of February
18, 1881.

(8) March 1, 1881. As I have already stated above,
the agreement of December 31, 1878, mentioned at length at
the beginning of this letter, provided for the concurrent
execution and delivery of four supplemental instruments
which are described on the last sheet of the said agree¬
ment. These four instruments do not appear to'have been
executed until March 1, 1881, whioh date they bear. They
are as follows:

(a) A special power by Mr. Edison to Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Company, appointing them his irrevocable Attorneys
to dispose of his patents for Great Britain and Ireland and
such other portions of the British Dominions as may be cov¬
ered by them, being such inventions as are described in the!
agreement of December 31, 1878, whioh he might make before !

! : January 1, 1884, together with all further inventions whioh I
he might make between that date and December 31, 1895, the j
j price to be satisfactory to Mr. Edison, or to be fixed by i
j| arbitration. ■

(b) Trust Agreement of March 1, 1881, fran Mr. Edi-!
son to Messrs. Fflbbri and lowrey. This recites that the !
patents mentioned in the agreement wore assigned pursuant

to the foregoing agreement of December 31, 1878.

(c) An instrument containing covenant by Fabbri and!
Lowrey, as Trustees, declaring that they hold the Edison !

:i patent subject to the foregoing agreenent of December 31, I
j! 1878.

Cap

(a) A special power from Mr. Edison to Messrs. Fab-
bri and lowrey, being of the same date as all of the fore¬
going three instruments, that is to say, March 1, 1881,
constituting them his irrevocable Attorneys in fact to sell
his inventions to such parties as Messrs. Drexel, Morgan &
Company might appoint, pursuant to the laBt clause of the
third seotion of the aforesaid agreement of December 31,
1878, with power of substitution.

Note:- The effect of the foregoing four instruments
waB merely to supplement and carry out the provisions of
the foregoing agreement of December 31, 1878.

(7) May 31, 1881. The next document which I find,
chronologically speaking, is one of this date, made between
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, Mr. Edison and Mr. John¬
son. It provides that Mr. Johnson shall take charge of
the then proposed exhibition at London, and that he shall
be paid a salary of $500. a month, and shall further re¬
ceive five per centum of the net amount received touching
the patents or inventions so far as Oreat Britain and Ire¬
land are concerned. But if the said five per centum
amounts to $100,000., it shall thereafter be reduced to two
and one-half per centum.

'Sj

(8) February 18, 1882. This is the Bouverie
Agreement, and is executed by him, Mr. Edison, Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company, and Fabbri and lowrey. It pro¬
vides for the formation of the English Company, and for the
assignment thereto of the several patents specified in an¬
nexed schedule, being all of the patents taken out by Edi¬
son or in his behalf relating to eleotric light, heat and
\ power.

Seotion Nine of this agreement then goes on to pro¬
vide that the said English Company shall have, vdthout fur-;
ther payment, not only all extensions of the patents men- j
tioned in the aforesaid schedule, but also all improvements!
■ which may be made by Mr. Edison in connection with the saidj
; inventions so far as they relate to "lighting, heating, and :

motive agent". But the said aompany was to pay to Mr. j
|| Edison all expenses leading up to such improvements, after
patents for Great Britain are taken out, with one hundred j
per centum added, without reference to compensation receiv¬
ed by him from other persons. Mr. Edison was further to j
recei ve from the company the amount of all expenses and ;
fees necessary to obtain and keep up the said patents.

The said seotion nine then goes on to Bay that as soon as
Mr. Edison makes improvements and takes out patentB there- ;
for ho shall inform the company of that fact and of the j
l amount of expenses inourred in experiments and in obtaining
and keeping up letters patent, and if the company shall i
within three months after receipt of such notice elect to |

acquire the improvement b, the amount payable to Mr. BdiBon !
shall in case of difference, be fixed by arbitration, but
if the company does not within the said three monthB elect !
to aoquire the improvements, the company's rights thereto
shall oease.

Section Fifteen of the said agreement provides that
immediately after the assignment of any patents-to the oom-
pany, it shall grant to Mr. Edison or his nominees free and
exclusive license to use the same or any improvements
thereof for the purpose of locomotion on railways, on tram-;
ways, or common roads, and for all other purposes except
light, heat and power, otherwise than for the purpose of
such locomotion.

(Note:- The effect of this agreement upon the ques¬
tion under discussion in this letter will be considered by
me further on, that is to say in Section Thirteen, when X
discuss the license of November 15, 1883.)

(9) March 1, 1882. Power of Attorney from Mr.
Edison to MoBBrs. Pabbri and Wright relating to the dis¬
tribution of shares receivable under the foregoing agree¬
ment of February 18, 1882, and directing those parties to
receive the Baid shares and to distribute them between
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, Gouraud and Johnson.

(10) March 15, 1882. This is the date of the Mem-i
orandum and Articles of Association of The Edison Electric j
light Company, Limited. I have before me a printed copy j
of this dooument, belonging to Mr. Edison's files. Annex-!
ed to it as a schedule, is a printed copy of the above men-|
tioned agreement of February 18, 1882.

This agreement of March 15, 1882, ratifies and
adopts the aforesaid agreement of February 18, 1882, and
states that the objects for which the said company is
formed are to carry that agreement into effect, to acquire
the patents then specified and to acquire additional pat¬
ents, &c.

(11) April 6, 1882. Apparently an indenture bear¬
ing this date was executed by Mr. Edison, by Mr. B rewer,
by Mr. Jensen, by Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, and by
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey, assigning to the aforesaid
English Company the several patents specified in a sohedule
annexed to the said indenture. X have no copy of this in¬
denture . i

(0

'■*£ *

I l

(12) November 15, 1883. Indenture between the
Edison Electria Light Company, Limited, Mr. Edison, and
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey. This instrument is the lioense
; to use the British Patents for railway purposes, and is an
important document in connection with the subject now under
: disoussion. It opens by referring to the above mentioned
Bouverie Agreement of February 18, 1882, wherein a lioense
, of this sort is provided for. It then goes on to speak of
the incorporation of the London Company on March 15, 1882.

It then refers to the above mentioned indenture of April 6,
1882. It then recites that Mr. Edison haB appointed
Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey to be the licensees touohing the
; aforesaid railway license, and that the oompany has oon-
: sented to grant to them the said lioense.

After the foregoing reoitalB, the instrument goes on
to give to the said Trustees, Fabbri and Lowrey, and their
assigns, a full lioense to use all patents specified in the
schedule annexed to the document, or any improvements
thereof, for the purpose of locomotion and for all other
purposes except light, heat and power otherwise than for
such locomotion, during the term of said patents or any
extension of them.

The agreement goes on to provide that the company
may disclaim, without the consent of the said Fabbri and
Lowrey, except in the case of patents referring exclusively
to locomotion, and may at any time permit "any of the said
patents" to lapse, provided that the oompany shall give
Edison three months notice of any intention to let a patent
lapse; and shall at his request assign such patents to him
or his nominees to the end that he may keep said patents
alive if he wishes to.

The license then gooB on to provide that whenever
: the said company shall, under the agreement of February 18,
i 1882, "become possessed of or entitled to any improvements
| "made by Mr. Edison upon or connected with the said inven- j
| "tions protected by said patents, the company shall forth- |
"with cause such improvements to be communicated to the
; "licensees, Fabbri and Lowrey, and they shall be entitled
! "to use the same" under the license.

| The agreement further provides that the licensees

may sue infringers, if the company does not. Annexed to
this license is a Schedule of Patents, and I find a lead- j
pencil Mem. by Mr. Ooster to the effect that the Baid
I Sohedule should also inolude No. 1,862 of April 18, 1882,
and No. 1,022 of February 24, 1883.-

I

I

(IS) April 8, 1884. X find among Mr. Edison's
papers a Power of Attorney of this date from the Bentley-
Knight Electric Railway Company, Mr. Lowrey, Mr. Fabbri and
Mr. Edison, to Thomas James Montgomery, authorizing him to
dispose of patent rights relating to locomotion. Apparent¬
ly this power was never executed. At any rate the copy be¬
fore me has no signatures.

(14) February 7, 1885. I find a letter from Mr.

R. N. Dyer to Mr. Coster, of this date, specifying the for¬
eign patents taken upon Mr. Edison's electric railway in¬
ventions.

(15) March 25, 1880. X have before me an original
letter of this date from Mr. Lowrey to Messrs. Drexel, Mor¬
gan & Company, stating that he has arranged for them to
have sole control of Mr. Edison's inventions in Portugal,

New Zealand, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company are to bear all expenses,
and net proceeds are to be divided sixty-five per centum to
Mr. Edison and thirty-five per centum to Messrs. Drexel,
Morgan & Company, and Mr. Lowrey to receive one-third of
the said share to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company. The
title to inventions and patents is to be assigned to Mr.
Fabbri and Mr. Lowrey, as Trustees, under trusts similar

to those already arranged for England.

On the back of this original letter, which is
lent us by Mr. Coster, is this lead pencil mem. in his hand-
writing,, to wit: "No contracts seem to have been prepared
for these".

(16) March 25, 1880. I have another original lat¬
ter of this date from Mr. Lowrey to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan
& Company. It refers to Sweden and Norway, and states that
Mr. Lowrey is to have one-third of the one-half interest in
net proceeds accruing to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company
touching Sweden and Norway. Mr. Lowrey further states
that his interest is for account of his firm of Porter,
Lowrey, Soren and Stone.

(17) December, 1880. Mr. Coster lends us the fol¬
lowing letters tied together in one package, relating to the
countries named below.

(a) Copy of letter of December 14, 1880, from Mr.
Lowrey to Mr. Edison, referring to a letter of March 25,1880
from same to same,and asking Mr.Edison to confirm said let¬
ter.

(b) Copy of a letter from Mr. Edison to Mr. Lowrey
dated December 15, 1880. This letter opens by referring to
the aforesaid letter from Mr. Lowrey of March 25, 1880, in
which he stated the arrangements made by him with Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company in respect to Portugal, New Zea¬
land, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, and with Mr.
Navarro for Cuba, and with Mr. Fabbri and Chauncey for

I

)

India. Mr. Edison’s letter then goes on to state that
he confirms Mr. Lowrey’s said letter of March 25th.

(c) December 16, 1880. Copy of letter from Mr.
lowrey to Mr. Edison, referring to the aforesaid letter

of the previous date from Mr. Edison to Mr. Lowrey. This
letter relates only to the question of malting exhibitions
in India &c., and is not important.

(d) December 16, 1880. Original letter from Mr.
Lowrey to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company enclosing a
copy of the foregoing correspondence relating to Portugal,
New Zealand, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria,
and asking Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company to approve of
his letter to Mr. Edison of December 16, 1880'.

Note: As regards Portugal I find nothing to con¬

flict with the above mentioned lead pencil mem. of Mr.
Coster, which was to the effect that no contracts seem
to have been prepared, but as regards Sweden and Norway
I find a set of agreements as specified below:

(18) March 1, 1881. Agreement between Mr. Edison
Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, also Messrs. Fabbri and
lowrey, as Trustees, relating to Sweden and Norway, and
covering inventions relating to illumination, power,
and heating. Messrs. Drexel, Morgan and Company agree to
reimburse Mr. Edison for all sums theretofore paid by him
on aocount of the applications for patents "not exceeding
One Dollar" (this is the way it is written in Mr. Edison's
copy of the original agreement signed by him), and to
pay all further charges in securing future patents.

The second section of this agreement provides for
the transfer to Messrs. Fabbri and Lowrey, as Trustees, of
all title to inventions already made. Those parties are
to hold this title subject to the directions of Messrs.
Drexel, Morgan & Company, and if the last named firm do
not dispose of the inventions by March 1, 1884, they are
then to be assigned back to Mr. Edison but subject to
outstanding licenses.

The third section contains an assignment by Mr.
Edison to the Trustees of all his title for Sweden and
Norway, for "..'other inventions or improvements" made prior
to March 1, 1886.

In the fifth section there is a provision that when¬
ever Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company fail or refuse to
advance the sums requisite to obtain or defend Letters
Patent for any invention, Mr. Edison may by written notice
require the said Trustees to convey the title back to him.

The seventh section contains an agreement by Mr.
Edison to constitute Messrs, Drexel, Morgan & Company his
attorneys in fact to dispose of, (where purchasers have
already secured an interest in his patents) "a like in¬
terest" in all future inventions which may be made by him,
or for which patents may be granted to him, subsequent to
the termination of the period of five years above mentioned,

at a price to be mutually agreed upon, or to be fixed by'
arbitrators. . (This date is extended to March 1, 1898.

See Sec. (21) below).

In the case of all inventions for which Messrs.

Drexel, Morgan & Company have advanced or paid the ex¬
penses as provided for in the first section of this agree¬
ment, the price realized by them from purchasers shall
be divided equally between them and Mr. Edison.

(Note. This agreement is substantially the same
in its terms and provisions as the agreement of December
31, 1878, relating to Great Britain and Ireland.)

(19) March 1, 1881. Power of Attorney from Mr.
Edison to Messrs. Eabbri and Lowrey, relating to Sweden
and Norway and being one of the instruments provided for
in the agreement last mentioned above.

(20) March 1, 1881. Covenants by Messrs. Pabbri
and Lowrey, Trustees, relating to Sweden and Norway, and
being mother instrument provided for in the agreement
mentioned above in Section (18).

(21) March 1, 1881. Power of Attorney from Mr.
Edison to Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Company, relating to
Sweden and Norway, and being still another instrument re¬
ferred to in the above mentioned agreement described in
section (18). This power recites all inventions, dis¬
coveries, improvements or devices relating to "illimuna-
tion, or power or. heading 1 *, and refers, in the first in¬
stance, to inventions;^ made before March 1, 1886. The
power then goes on tcauthorize Messrs. Drexel, Morgan

& Company to agree with the purchasers of any of Mr.
Edison's inventions &c. made before March 1, 1886, that
they shall have "like title or interests or rights® in
all further inventions which he may make at any time be¬
tween March 1, 1886, and March 1, 1898.

Scrapbook, Cat. 1135

This scrapbook covers the period October-November 1881. Included among
the clippings is a report of the annual meeting of the Edison Electric Light
Company in New York City. The remaining clippings pertain to applications by
various companies for permission to engage in the business of electric lighting in
the United Kingdom. The book contains 144 numbered pages.

Blank pages not filmed: 4-144.

Wp Mr ) .) )' -!,r r 7

%£♦

Scrapbook, Cat. 1139

This scrapbook covers the period November 1882-December 1884. It contains
clippings relating to various international electrical exhibitions. Included are
descriptions of both Edison's exhibits and those of his competitors at exhibitions in
Munich (1882), Vienna (1883), Boston (1884), London (1884), and Philadelphia (1884).
The inside front cover is inscribed "Electrical Exhibitions not yet Classified. Vol.
I." The pages are unnumbered. Approximately 40 pages have been used.

towing may bo deduced-
md an energy of
hilogrammotrci.

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rj 8 21 ^ OInTk' S S<}° y‘ wn ^l^uSSll« « ^

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p*£=i coplw, ^^^HoUIcnienU Chin* J
uul |{e 0 , ii««Jll*n ltluidt. Thiele piper c.

engine ering

nnrtmont lift. boon ill tlw pohitinn of on j
who, by ooino clmnn, bus ncquirod ft TO
ovor ft powerful Bpirit, but nooiling tli
of more potont Bpolls tlmn lio i« "“1™
U for its entire .abjection, liven ccinrtwitl
to lest hi. Borvnnt Bboul.l Borne ‘liybroftk'.
ngftiiiBt order, which do not curry tho
Bovoreifin authority, l’nrlinment decide
seaworthy fillips should ,,ot , b0 ,V onn .

mutter. Tho only undoniablo test in
7i is useless for tho occasion. If * ® h, P
h0 and founders from stress of wcathor, 1
*“ strength or inaunicicncy of equipment
ror dispute ; and ovon if sho is never heard
good vrim\ facie ovidenco that sho was
Sj nn ini proper stato. Hut short of this it
mt to lay down any rules which shall not
fair criticism ns regards many crafts, it
iority of tho shipowners aro honourable u
in. anxious to deal honestly both by tbo n
and tbo men who navigate their ships, s
be not neglect any reasonable precaution
.. safety. Hut a ship, liko a man, lias to ]
hln and under that condition it ih miposs
on should bo funiislicd after tbo manner of
d M Majesty’s Navy, where tbo cost boa nol
n an annual comparison with the earning!
ro 1 severe as to prevent greedy, unscrupulo'
running hazardous riskB would prol
i«j, shipping a source of loss instead of a nr
<nf. inatanco, and tboreforo tbo Board of 1 ra
>re* hesitates to lay down any regulations,
*{ a ’ to tbo discretion of their inspectors
SS should detain a ship and when they slit
to take action.

Jjj' No doubt it was a wise precaution on
’ tbo Hoard not to liampcr tbo rapid i

S'ire mutSSSuiSr request*! to »d
nsmhsjcnoUho Port OiBco^ Order;

Hike for Publication and Advertl*

EN OIHEEBIHQ U rcgUtcrcd for transmtatons ti

stuidanl Vomn of Wreck Commissioners.” No wonde
. Hackney, i». He., such ft state of affairs an immense am
.. tation and vexation should have been

t'l\il Ktiginccni, at and that tbo Hoard should bo hau
ho foHowiinc iwiMir* fueling that their discretion was too la
Aaaoclatc^^'Trott responsibility greater than they wer
imarimi Cable* ami properly fulfilling, and hence they
lih at 3 nin “On attempts which appear likely to extcii
li Vacuo, i»>* J. w. tbo gravest causes of disasters at sea ii

Z told that lie must settle that for bin;

which Crowed tiiu only by seeing if bis ship is allowed to
d 3rd, isss. ami it* C an judge whether or not it satisfies t
lit tSftho 1 itanineScr officers. It is true tbo Hoard lias issue
iniiH-Ttor-UcncnU of mate Tables of Freeboard," but tlics
a, ill North Lincoln. to COIMm aml any measure of public resj

ENGINEERING.

18830

ENGINEERING.

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ini

Scrapbook (Canvassing Reports)

This scrapbook covers the period September-November 1884. It contains
correspondence from Alfred O. Tate to Charles Batchelor relating to the
canvassing of prospective towns in Michigan and Canada for the installation of
central stations. Included are Battle Creek, Detroit, Grand Rapids, Lansing,
Montreal, Ottawa, and Quebec City. The letters also discuss the local agent
appointed by Tate for each locality as well as local economic conditions. The front
cover is labeled "Tate." The spine is stamped "Invoice." The book contains
approximately 35 pages, some of which are numbered, and an index. The pages
have been cut out of the book.

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EDISON MACHINE WORKS. T? “

CHARLES BATCHELOR, Ggn'l Manager. ^ I

Subject to your approval, 1 have appointed ;■ AddressjtjZ^^-S^-liU^fet
as yourAgentJw t _✓_ ( Terms.^S^^O^

Territory._.css^S..

(REMARKS :... ■ . - -

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EDISON MACHINE WORKS L

State o/C<j^^LC^LAj^CLAyL/ :

(G^J- ^

Subject to your
as your Agent for ■

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.. 9/^zl

Mame,_

Subjecl to your approval, l have appointed • AddreesfZZZ^_j:^^iM&

"A&ffor / Terme.a/'X

is yo«j- Agent for

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// r/tf// 'REMARKS:

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/ct&L^ sfcC^y/OlAP — AzCaiSad - _

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CUU County ^L^'siate o f >-

Edison Machine works^ . /*.?<#[

CHARLES BATCHELOR, Gen'l Manager ,, /^/\ ' ,0/^ 1^'

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as ‘ tfr °7‘'' “” ■ ">•«“. '

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EDISON? MACHINE WORKS.

©ear Sir ; --

Subject to your approval, I have appointed ■ Address /*-f0 - _

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'REMARKS:

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County of State of Ik

.EDISON MACHINE WORKS,

f Uamt f/Q?, Q<

Subject to your approvalf'I'^have appointed ■ Address, ^

’.s yourJ^ent for \ . TermssJfZL^s.

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Agent

ay of _ L^^LZf ........state «/-

EDISON MACHINE WORKS.

CHARLES BATCHELOn, Gen-l Manager Hame^L.y\Al -.C^...^.^...L/Sr^L^l^l

©ear 5«V ■ <Rusiness $\ ^2y t /tMf( A / \ 7) .. A

SubjfSryryour approvalhave appointed. Address, _1^=^

as youf Agelhor f , . _ Terms._

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f&^kscA} '6^*^.

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EDISON MACHINE WORKS.

CHARLES BATCHELOR, GEN’L

'Dear Sir;

Subkaf to your approval, I have appointed

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a^jT^Z~S<^€^Cc^i) &(U^t c~ys£ ^

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CHARLES BATCHELOR, Gen’l Manager. C 6 (/. ^

Subject to ypur approval, I have appointed ■ Address. ^

/9 /'Syf/7/7 Terms.

UK . Territory,

-- • _ 'REMARKS:

C JZ&. - 49*^QA^asC*r C^^/Ccj c^y^^Op • U

_ County o

EDISON MACHINE WORKS,

CHARLgB BATCHELOR, Genn. Manage.,.- Jlame A D. < J . TVUHAAjj

Dear Sir; f I _ (Business. Qt u£ j> yA<->

Subject tf your approval, 1 have appointed Address: Wir6(JjMbx Xt,
asyou^A^for ,

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EDISON MACHINE WORKS.

CHARLES BATCHELOR, GEN’l Manage.,. f JJame, -

fSubhc/Tto your approval, I hope appo inted -j Address, / 'aa'~ -

^A/mt for V -—--}/fZ Terms.

J/. &o- ^

■^ 5 i

EDISON MACHINE

WORKS. jSkSQl.

'Dear Sir;

^^Stibjecl to your approval^,

appointed Address.
'Y^ Terms._

EDISON MACHINE WORKS U j? . /Y ,m 'Y'

; CHARLES BATCHEL ° R ' ..

CYY ecl t0 y° ur approval, I have appointed j Address ' ~Y . Z ? - ~

as yGM Agentfor > ~Z f i 'tSyr'^@ -

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City County of'.

EDISON MACHINE WORKS,

CHARLES BATCHELOR, G

to your approval, I have appointed

'im

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. to.-.. .

J&/rvoAf>j 7?VoeA/ _

Terme’^2^$^^9..
Territory, ...

'REMARKS:

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ED ISON MACHINE WORKS. —

CHARLES BATCHELOR, Gen'l Manager. f flame

Dear Sir ; * (Business /iU^wA^vryiojC »d...:

Subject to your approval, I have appointed \ Address, ZhI2

^Jj 'REMARKS:

Svt-'O —

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EDISON MACHINE WORKS, • “..

CHARLES BATCHELOR, GEN'L Man.oer. Jl

<Dear Sir; business,

Subjec t to your approval, l have appointed • Address, _ C3H*Q »-

as -- Terms. J50Qr

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Gmmty of .

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yy/

Ttear . Vry*J t sy,jf// , \s-

t0 y °A? a PP roval > 1 llave appointed | Address, _ <S /%&■ _

\ Territory, -

^rstA-^JLsCsCt 7

.. . :~»grY^

tt,J s^orttTr of.. _ Q^ - > ^je J&c* _

EDISON MACHINE WORKS, '

CHARLES BATCHELOR, Ce, L Manaocfi. f S

SubhcUoyour approval, I have appointed. ] Address. <ZC

c^t? ^Zsf'/S&r L ^ ^uZCc

w 244

3 _ ^ ^ (Business&ttZyv^-.Z^

!&Ajecl to your approval, I have appointed ■ Address, < l £_ ^ ~

s __ r<yyto>yt

Scrapbook, Cat. 1138

This scrapbook covers the period February-December 1885 and contains
clippings concerning electric railroads. Included are dippings relating to the
installation and operation of electric motors and railway equipment on New York
City elevated railroads. There is also material about electric railways in various
other cities. The spine is labeled "E. R. Co. of U.S. No. 1." The book contains 171
numbered pages.

Blank pages not filmed: 27-171.

ELECTRIC MOTORS'!

Solving Mechanical and Engi¬
neering Problems.

The Plans Complete—To Ex¬
hibit Early in May.

The Hiift H%!(U,luht C<
motor* for testing tliu nicrl
practical manner on snino »f

V

^(-ELECTRIC MOTOR RE&DY.

~%. ~iy,

a / trd '

-\ ‘CJUsi*c£i£L£„'■H ts,

si' 1

mk4^M

T iiltEfl- A M.M fliit.lo ti Krec

%

-UhsU&

ORDER BROADWAY THROUGH THE

Scrapbook, Cat. 1140

r„l a tJ hiS + SCr ? Pb + °- l< ?-°u e ” the perIod 1885 - 1886 and contains newspaper dippings
+ e - leC l n f hght u g a ?. d tele S ra P h y- Much of the material deals with
iti^ation between the Edison Electric Light Company and the Sawyer-Mann
? ompa " y - T 1 J ,er '; are also clippings concerning the railroad or
t F p?° PP ; talegra Phi overhead and underground wiring, marine applications of
the electric light and telegraph, and non-Edison electric inventions. Reprints of
Edison Electric Light Company circulars appear in some of the clippings. Included

DmD e Ttvfn P FlorMr r n alning P. urchase of Glenmont and his acquisition of

property in Florida. On page 134 there is a telegram to Edison about a telegraph
n. S Tu at il 0n , 0n Staten Island. The inside front cover is inscribed "Patent Suits Vol.
I. The book contains 134 numbered pages.

j i mo.8s£*£.. \

; 7 j I HarcanUIi Prinline ud Stationary Co., i

> ) | PRINTERS, STATIONERS, 1 :

; j | 709 BROADWAY, N.Y. { !

: will Duplicate. ^oTl

n

-Vo\ rtz

If,

p/; - *.

M.j

Xirculile fiisi

PRINTER!

_

I / EtSlOTlel O LIGHT F A1EN13.
'/SUITS UEOUN ihf THE EDISON COMPANY. !

f.

f INCANDESCENT MONOPOLY

f Arraigning Alleged Infringers Upi

■.. /m*Lzoc

..

/Poaiiblj hero ii ii ohanco for inv
whoto faith In alleged marreloue I
deni still lurvlra their Keely :
experience. An Engliahraao, .
Dickie, of Loedi, haa rent to an e
lion of "ahlp jnodela in London
model of a at4mahip irhioh ho a
"ill croaa tho Atlantlo add return
day a. She ia called tho "Aqua-i
or Wave Ship" and inatoad of clc
tho water ia to glide oyer tho eu
Her draught ia ioaignificant oyon
at reat, but when in motion it deei
with her apeod until when going t
preia train rate ahe ia entirely or

/*>'

toe. SENTINEL; MWAU gg, li^DAY MOg ING. MAY

. .,.I Tlio SIHwuut™ corrcsnilSt'oniio I ^

L,,^a/rs:: .Jss»3feSsSS

Ccr

' C Cr <- C ?

r £>> M '

^ ' batteries, mid could bo made to geeut i
ly choapen tho expense of operating. •
The Impression Is, that thu Western
Union will purchase thu luvuntlon .
nnd, if 80, it IS hoped Mr. Drawn will
L ao t one 1>r two niunro millions for hl3

; ' V/'

; ,., lK , y\//jEl

5. II..TELE PHONE ' ^IAL

i! 1 RIVAL COMPANY’S LEOAL WRESTLE

,/5-Lc. -bbjtJL*

'iJLJ'SJ, feels.

1 i'HE COMIHG METAL.

CREMATION. MARINO STEADY PROORESS. I

Jc*U

f Ellison's Religious Holler,
j A Now York Intorvlowor rocontlj- polu it
i visit to tko work shop of Mr. Edison, nml!

• : 3> o') ■

...o \

>>>

-3> ov-

■ cce- <c/

cC«C(.

n| oi.. •

jW-iy/n' ..

| ^Electric Time System.
i| XA meotiiig was' held in n I)lm ,.
iLflimie Hull, Orange, last week
/respumio to invitation* soul j ®V"

sa^Kv.2a:r; I tf;

lr'Sil'T jteadquartors nro at ■
7, ^° 111 tlnucl Htreot, Now York '

tlioro were some six or eight gontle- i

enter, rise 01 ' ^ Com “f c<1 with the
mm, 1 Arranged nrournl the

l£35£2XJ&»«,

BSSXzfifa A *

| Imving «n mdopondont clock move-'
neat These, na well n* nil *1!^
►thor dials in tho room wero I

leotetlbywirowifcha clock locate*

l, 0 ‘l C ™° Btl 'eet depot, and al-
liougi, the pondlum clock at tho'

.•»lsi,r the rootdl Zot a

toL ! °T,: V1 r , th0 cIock «» the
’ . J ',""/;" 1 ' 111 ' ‘lie Side’

tlio loom indicated time bv inin-■
ovStoLi't ‘'‘“Samla

the kin./,,anally crcS^hVotl",!! !

move cveryhalfmi.fute or cv ry
»t no si rf' 0 -• - A J t0r eonsidera-
,'on 1, . lform “ 1 conver-

.explanation Hr. Frnrar

:.a=A^

“•»%’ »1> of which I ° '

et that a clock located at n ™!°

■ al point, could bo the ‘gove?,?

StSsIrsS

IKS: rfey-S,:

Salem, 100* Y I

afield To. 'W IC ? tor » ac »; I

kton 185, m uc ‘J .“"“V; »00;

: . \\

f The Airis Electricity,—Vi
miori, of tlio Vesiivian Obse
Hilda tlint tlio atmospheric
ty is ustinlly positivo in cion
or, if nqgativo, nfuli of raiii
inferred to bo in progress i
little distance. Two miutli
two minima daily nre notice
olcctrie indications,this per
being disturbed by atmt
uiovoiiionts. Witii dew, r.v
overcast sky tlio indioati
croaso in intensity anil aros
in spring and antiiinn tiinn
mer and winter. . A rain :
positive, but is stirronmli
negntivo zone, wliicli in
surrounded by a zone of ]
electricity. Thunder anil
ning, according to this obsoi

IfUNE INVENTION EEANgAISE

Wednesday. ner propelling power to entirely no-

to yery sangulno tliat she win he a nucccsa. A
principle on n large ecule, In cane tho EuroKa

sSlSaiS?

Parla rclativorinnl uux oxpdrionces do
M. Marcol Derirez aur la transport do la
forco par l'dleotKoild. Void un rdsrnnd de
ootto intfSrceaanta, : commumcalion:

On bo Bouviont'des mdmorablea casals
nccomplis, 11 y a trols ana environ, par M.
Marcol Doprez 4 la garo du Nord. Lo rd-
i snltat on lnt trda considerable. Lo eavant
dlectricien rdnssit 4 transporter, enr.nn
trajot do 8 kilometres, an moyen d'nn 111
tdldgraphiqnc, 46% 4 pen pria do la force
ongondrdo par nno tnacliino. La forco alnsi
tranaportdo dtait dgalo 4 7 on 8 chevanx.

Dopnlalora, oncouragd par cea ddbnta,
M, Marcol Doprez, an milieu do grandes
•tiffflcnUds. gr&co &-de$ fflde? eU ■ dea/nT ^
chercbes foceesantce, a'pqoreiiivl 1’amdlio-
ration dqa premiere effQtsJ M. Joseph Ber¬
trand, qal a m le tdmoin do ce labour et
en a conBtatd lea Irnits, dit qn’il eat honroux
d'annoncer anjonrd’hni 4 l'Acaddmid le sne-
eda complet dea tentntives de M. Marcel
Doprez.

Par deux foia, 4 Oreil, on prdsenco’ d’nno
commission compos do dos. hommes lea pins
compdtonta, ct prdsiddo par M. Collignon,
aoua lea yonx dea ingdnlenra do la Compa-
gnio dn ohomin do fer du Nord, M. Marcel
Deprez a tranaportd 4 nno distance do
58 kilometres nno forco do 40 chovaux,

! c'eat-4-dlro quo, sur 80 chevanx produits
par la machino gdndratrico, 40 ont dtd
j recneillis et utilises par la machino rdeep-

' L’opdration, ajouto M. Bertrand, ost
d’uno grande ot bello aimplloitd. Lo mou-
vcment dea machines (160 4 170 toars par
, minute) n’excddo gndro la vitcaeodes roues
do locomotlvo. La tonsion dleotriqno a’dld-
>o jnaqn'a 6,000 volts, sans qn’il y ait dd-
perdition, ce qni dissipe bion dea craintes
.conqnes 4 priori ct qni mottaient en ques¬
tion la poBsIbllitd dn fonctionnoment dea
machines. Lo 111 est traversd par un con-
rant loiblo, qni no ddpasso paa sept ampe¬
res. Do co chef encore, 11 n’y a pas 4 rodon-
tor lea inconvdnionta do l'dchautlomont.

M. Josoph Bertrand oxprimo la vivo et
Idgitimo satisfaction quo Ini ont causda cos
morveillonsos expdriences, dont lea npplica-
tionB sont suscoptlbloa do rdvolntionnor cor-
tainos indastrlcs ct do order do nouvolles
et incalculnblos richesses.

M. Marcol Doprez so mot 4 la disposition ,
do I’Acaddmio pour renonvelor cea expe¬
riences, pour l’oxdcation et la preparation
deaqnolloa.M. do Kothsohild, aveo uno libd-
ralltd qn’on no sanrnlt trop loner,.n'it pus
ddponBd moins do 800,000 franca.

CO,

rEloctrto lighting Is mil Id ItHSfoncj and U
to OChtOTO IU gteeteBt triumph,. . Tbat a mil
eronlnully eupoticdo i other methods oi aril
Ode) lllumionilou do lolelllconi )>orion doobiM
botlbo preclso manner of Its -.npptieatlon lot;
particularpurporea Is still undetermined. Tbo
Flooeh Imagination In Terjr fertile,and In Parle
tbo fctelbllll; la being dlicutacd o! lighting tbo
Whole city with ono Imrooneo olectrlo globo,
clerntod to tbo proper height, no orllOclel euo,

|f|§f§5

qalte possible tbit It would bo tbo most con* j,
voolont and oconumlcal plan of Hlunjlnatlujj so ||
largo an aroa. Villages In this country have It

'c-v-Os/i

/, /; .9 7

[ITEM FOUND IN BOOK]

i^r»X£ --- K *0 Hh-

tf '/* ^• c ° a '^^

S'. U, U-a- ^

J- • L -~—t1

. - it -i AjkZtLo vjf
^ c~

. . SUr^-U. . l-

SO bJKKj^A C^o-v —W-*

o y> y>

WITJJ THE INVENTORS.

Ity of a now invention, whereby any
iinillnr with ttio 'Morse alphabet may]
itold misery and confusion upon his 1
utures. -’hero is a mystery about the
of this new infernal machine, which
its terrors without mitigating it 8 *
a »omo way or other, messages (with-
to length, language, or previous con-
morality, and without any material* !
collusion whatever) can be mado to
(1 from (ho tin roof of n moving rail- '
nnd tlio wires of on ordfnnry tulo- i
iss tlio void of space,—coniimr nml

[ Electricity 1» not yet
I wondero. Edison Imi
I telegraphing from tnovf
[ a wsy as to mnko it of
t and there lano doubt tl
yeart) all railroad. trait
operator and bo run by

:»}> >>>

» '

1 ))»

PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM
COPYING RESTRICTIONS

Reel duplication of the whole or of
any part of this film is prohibited.
In lieu of transcripts, however,
enlarged photocopies of selected
items contained on these reels

A Note on the Sources

The pages which have been
filmed are the best copies
available. Every technical
effort possible has been
made to ensure legibility.

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS

PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Charles Edison Fund
The Hyde and Watson Foundation
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS

National Science Foundation
National Endowment for the Humanities

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS

Alabama Power Company
Amerada Hess Corporation
AT&T

Atlantic Electric

Association of Edison Illuminating
Companies

The Boston Edison Foundation
Cabot Corporation Foundation
Carolina Power and Light Company
Consolidated Edison Company of
New York, Inc.

Consumers Power Company
Corning Glass Works Foundation
Duke Power Company
Exxon Corporation
Florida Power & Light Company
General Electric Foundation
Gould Inc. Foundation
Gulf States Utilities Company
Idaho Power Company
International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers

Iowa Power and Light Company

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
McGraw-Edison Company
Middle South Services, Inc.

Minnesota Power

New Jersey Bell Telephone Company
New York State Electric & Gas
Corporation

North American Philips Corporation
Philadelphia Electric Company
Philips International B.V.

Public Service Electric and Gas
Company
RCA Corporation
Robert Bosch GmbH
San Diego Gas & Electric
Savannah Electric and Power Company
Schcring Plough Foundation
Texas Utilities Company
Thomson-Brandt
Transamerica Delaval Inc.
Wcstinghousc Educational Foundation
Wisconsin Public Service
Corporation

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS

BOARD OF SPONSORS

Rutgers, The State University of
New Jersey

Edward J. Bloustcin
T. Alexander Pond
Tilden G. Edelstein
John Gillis

New Jersey Historical Commission
Bernard Bush
Howard L. Green

National Park Service, Edison
National Historic Site
Roy W. Weaver
Edward J. Pershey
Smithsonian Institution
Bernard Finn
Arthur P. Molclla

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology
Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Harvard University
Neil Harris, University of Chicago
Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania
Arthur Link, Princeton University
Nathan Rcingold, Smithsonian Institution
Robert E. Schofield, Iowa State University

CORPORATE ASSOCIATES

William C. Hittinger (chairman), RCA Corporation
Edward J. Bloustein, Rutgers, The State University of N.J.
Cees Bruynes, North American Philips Corporation
Paul J. Christiansen, Charles Edison Fund
Philip F. Dietz, Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Thomas A. Edison Papers

Rutgers, The State University
endorsed by

National Historical Publications and Records Commission
18 June 1981

Copyright © 1987 by Rutgers, The State University

All rights reserved. No part of this publication includingany portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—graphic, electronic,
mechanical, or chemical, Including photocopying, recording or taping, or information storage and retrieval
systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Tlie original documents in this edition are from the archive fit the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange,
New Jersey.

a

Ji*oru rapeA^

A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART II
( 1879 - 1886 )

Thomas E. Jeffrey

Microfilm Editor and Associate Director

Paul B. Israel
Assistant Editor

Mary Ann Hellrlgel Douglas G. Tarr

David W. Hutchings Robert A. Rosenberg

Editorial Associates

Leonard DeGraaf
Joseph P. Sullivan
Alan Stein
Karen Kozak

John Deasey
Barbara B. Tomblin

Student

Jacquelyn Miller
Marla Antonakakis

Keith A. Nler
Assistant Editor

Reese V. Jenkins
Director and Editor

Sponsors

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site
New Jersey Historical Commission

Smithsonian Institution

University Publications of America
Frederick, Maryland
1987

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Management